Karyology of Prunella grandiflora and Prunella vulgaris from Turkey

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 16 - 19

Esra Martin , Tuncay Dirmenci , Fatih Satıl , Halil Erhan Eroğlu

https://doi.org/10.30616/ajb.1576334

Abstract

Prunella L. species are distributed in very different habitats since they can adapt to variable ecological conditions. These conditions cause variations in morphological characters. It is very important to support morphological and taxonomic characters with genetic data. So far, various diploid numbers have been reported in the chromosomal records of Turkish Prunella species. The situation is particularly complex in P. vulgaris L. and P. grandiflora (L.) Turra species. The aim of this study is to eliminate the complexity by presenting karyological data of these species. The chromosome number and chromosome lengths of P. grandiflora and P. vulgaris were reported for the first time from Turkey. The diploid and basic numbers were detected as 2n = 28 and x =7 by ploidy levels of 4x in P. grandiflora and P. vulgaris. As a result, the karyology of the genus Prunella was evaluated by comparing previous and present results. The listed data provided important contributions to the cytotaxonomy of the genus Prunella: (i) the basic number was x = 7, (ii) the most common diploid number was 2n = 28, and (iii) high polyploidy rates. The polyploidy probably played an important role in the speciation of the genus.

Keywords

basic number, karyotype, polyploidy, Prunella

Türkiye'den Prunella grandiflora ve Prunella vulgaris'in karyolojisi

Abstract

Prunella L. türleri değişken ekolojik koşullara uyum sağlayabildikleri için çok farklı habitatlarda dağılım göstermektedir. Bu koşullar morfolojik karakterlerde çeşitliliğe neden olmaktadır. Morfolojik ve taksonomik karakterlerin genetik verilerle desteklenmesi çok önemlidir. Şimdiye kadar Türkiye Prunella türlerinin kromozom raporlarında çeşitli diploid sayılar bildirilmiştir. Özellikle P. vulgaris L. ve P. grandiflora (L.) Turra türlerinde durum karmaşıktır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, bu türlerin karyolojik verilerini sunarak karmaşıklığı ortadan kaldırmaktır. P. grandiflora ve P. vulgaris'in kromozom sayısı ve kromozom uzunlukları Türkiye'den ilk kez rapor edilmiştir. Diploid ve temel sayılar P. grandiflora ve P. vulgaris'te 2n = 28 ve 4x ploidi seviyesi ile x = 7 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Prunella cinsinin karyolojisi önceki ve mevcut sonuçları karşılaştırarak değerlendirildi. Listelenen veriler Prunella cinsinin sitotaksonomisine önemli katkılar sağladı: (i) temel sayı x = 7’dir, (ii) en yaygın diploid sayı 2n = 28’dir ve (iii) yüksek poliploidi oranları. Poliploidi muhtemelen cinsin türleşmesinde önemli bir rol oynamıştır.

Keywords

temel sayı, karyotip, poliploidi, Prunella

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