Yabancı Dil Sınıflarındaki Lise Öğrencilerinin 21. yy Becerilerine Sahip Olma Durumları ve Sosyal İyi Olma Düzeyleri
Year 2023,
Volume: 11 Issue: 2 - AJELI - YIL 2023, SAYI 2, 306 - 324, 31.12.2023
Emine Tunçer Günay
,
Hakan Sarıçam
Abstract
Bu çalışmanın temel amacı lisede yabancı dil alanındaki ve diğer alanlardaki öğrencilerin 21. yy becerilerine sahip olma durumları ve sosyal iyi olma düzeylerini karşılaştırmaktır. Çalışmada aynı zamanda lise öğrencilerinde 21. yüzyıl becerileri ve sosyal iyi olma düzeyi arasındaki ilişkiler ortaya çıkarılmaya çalışılmıştır. Araştırmanın katılımcılarını 402 lise öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır Öğrencilerin 202 tanesi 11 ve 12. sınıfa devam eden dil sınıfı öğrencisidir, 200 tanesi diğer alanlarda okuyan 11 ve 12. sınıf öğrencileridir. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak Katılımcı Bilgi Formu, Çok Boyutlu 21. Yy Becerileri Ölçeği ve Sosyal İyi Olma Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Normal dağılım sergileyen veriler, parametrik analizler yardımıyla çözümlenmiştir. Yabancı dil sınıfı öğrencisi olup olmamaya göre 21.yy becerileri ve sosyal iyi olma düzeylerini karşılaştırmak için bağımsız grup t testi, değişkenler arası ilişkiler için Pearson korelasyon analizi ve nedensellik incelemeleri için çoklu regresyon analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Önem düzeyi olarak p<.05 ölçüt alınmıştır. Çalışma bulgularında, 21. yüzyıl becerileri dil sınıfları özelinde incelendiğinde her bir beceri alanında bu sınıflarda öğrenim gören öğrencilerin diğer alanlardaki akranlarından daha yüksek puanlar aldığı görülmüştür. Benzer şekilde dil sınıfındaki öğrencilerin sosyal iyi olma düzeyleri de daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Ayrıca lise öğrencilerinde 21.yy becerileri ve sosyal iyi olma arasında pozitif ilişki bulunmuştur. Çalışmanın son kısmında ortaya çıkan bulgular detaylıca tartışılmış olup önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
References
- Akın, A., Demirci, İ., Nihan, Ç., Sarıçam, H., & Hilal, O. (2013). Sosyal İyi Olma Ölçeği Türkçe Formunun Geçerlik ve Güvenirliği. 5. Ulusal Lisansüstü Eğitim Sempozyumu, Sakarya, Turkey
- American Association of Colleges and Universities. (2007). College learning for the new global century. Washington: AACU.
- Ansari, U., & Malik, K. (2013). Image of An Effective Teacher in 21st Century Classroom. Journal of Educational and Instructional Studies in the World, 3.
- Benade, L. (2015) Teachers’ Critical Reflective Practice in the Context of Twenty-first Century Learning, Open Review of Educational Research, 2(1), 42-54. https://doi.org/10.1080/23265507.2014.998159
- Benevene, P., Dal Corso, L., De Carlo, A., Falco, A., Carluccio, F., & Vecina, M. L. (2018). Ethical leadership as antecedent of job satisfaction, affective organizational commitment and intention to stay among volunteers of non-profit organizations. Frontiers in psychology, 9, 2069.
- Bleakley, H. & Chin, A. (2004). Language Skills and Earnings: Evidence from Childhood Immigrants. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 86(2), 481–496. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3211642
- Block, D., & Cameron, D. (2002). Globalization and language teaching. London and New York: Routledge.
Boholano, H. (2017). Smart social networking: 21st century teaching and learning skills. Research in Pedagogy, 7, 21-29. https://doi.org/10.17810/2015.45
- Bundy, A. (1998). Information literacy: the key competency for the 21st century. https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/iatul/1998/papers/5/
- Butler, J. (2012). Subjects of desire: Hegelian reflections in twentieth-century France. Columbia University Press.
- Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö., Karadeniz, Ş., Demirel, F. (2008). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. (1. Baskı). Ankara: PegemA.
- Can, A. (2014). SPSS ile bilimsel araştırma sürecinde nicel veri analizi. Ankara: Pegem A.
- Capone, V., Joshanloo, M., & Park, M. S. A. (2019). Burnout, depression, efficacy beliefs, and work-related variables among school teachers. International Journal of Educational Research, 95, 97-108.
- Cevik, M., & Senturk, C. (2019). Multidimensional 21st century skills scale: Validity and reliability study. Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences, 14(1), 11-28. https://doi.org/10.18844/cjes.v14i1.3506
- Cohen, L., & Manion, L. (1994). Research methods ın education (Fourth Edition), Routledge
- Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
- Cox, C. (2014). 21st century skills and principles of flow in the foreign language classroom. MA Thesis: Brigham Young University. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4197
- Crystal, D. (2006). The fight for english: how language pundits ate, shot, and left. Oxford University Press.
Culhane, S.F. (2004). An Intercultural Interaction Model: Acculturation Attitudes in Second Language Acquisition. Electronic Journal of Foreign Language Teaching, Vol.1,No.1, 50-61. http://eflt.nus.edu.sg/v1n12004/culhane.pdf
- Debrah, Y., & Smith, I. (2002). Globalization, employment and the workplace: Diverse impact. Globalization, Employment and the Workplace: Diverse Impact edited Yaw Debrah and Ian Smith (pp.1-23). London: Routledge.
- Deci, E., & Ryan, R. (1990). A motivational approach to self: integration in personality. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 38, 237-288.
- Diemer, M. A., & Blustein, D. L. (2006). Critical consciousness and career development among urban youth. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 68(2), 220–232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2005.07.001
- Durlak, J. A. (Ed.). (2015). Handbook of social and emotional learning: Research and practice. Guilford Publications.
- Eaton, S. E. (2010). Global trends in language learning in the 21st century. Onate Press.
- Fandiño Parra, Y. J. (2013). 21st century skills and the English foreign language classroom: A call for more awareness in Colombia. Gist Education and Learning Research Journal, 7, 190-208.
- Friedman, T. L. (2008). The world is flat: A brief history of the twenty-first century. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux.
- Gardner, R. C., Masgoret, A. M., & Tremblay, P. F. (1999). Home background characteristics and second language learning. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 18(4), 419-437.
- Graddol, D. (2006). English next (Vol. 62). London: British Council.
- Göktepe-Yıldız, S. (2020). Lise öğrencilerinin 21.yüzyıl becerilerinin bazı demografik değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Ulakbilge, 51, 884–897. https://doi.org/10.7816/ulakbilge-08-51-02
- Guo, J., & Woulfin, S. (2016). Twenty-first century creativity: an ınvestigation of how the partnership for 21st century ınstructional framework reflects the principles of creativity. Roeper Review, 38, 153-161. https://doi.org/10.1080/02783193.2016.1183741
- Hancock, I. (1993). The emergence of a Union Dialect of North American Vlax Romani, and its implications for an international standard. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 99, 91-104.
- Hicks, J. A., & King, L. A. (2009). Positive mood and social relatedness as information about meaning in life. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 4(6), 471–482. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760903271108
- Hicks, J., Trent, J., Davis, W., & King, L. (2011). Positive affect, meaning in life, and future time perspective: an application of socioemotional selectivity theory. Psychology and Aging, 27, 181-189. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023965
- Jensen, E. (2010). Between credulity and scepticism: Envisaging the fourth estate in 21st-century science journalism. Media, Culture & Society, 32, 615-630. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443710367695
- Kazi, S. A., & Akhlaq, A. (2017). Factors affecting students' career choice. Journal of Research and Reflections in Education. 11(2), 187–196.
- Keyes, C. L. M. (1998). Social Well-Being. Social Psychology Quarterly, 61(2), 121–140. https://doi.org/10.2307/2787065
- Kim, H. Y. (2013). Statistical notes for clinical researchers: assessing normal distribution (2) using skewness and kurtosis. Restor Dent Endod, 38(1), 52-4. https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2013.38.1.52
- Kirby, D. A. (2004). Entrepreneurship education: can business schools meet the challenge? Education+ training, 46(8/9), 510-519.
- Kirkwood, T. (2008). Foresight Mental Capital and Wellbeing Project 2008 Final Project Report Executive Summary. Mental Capital through Life. London: Government Office for Science
- Khadria, B. (2002). Shifting paradigms of globalization: the twenty-first century transition towards generics in skilled migration from India. International Migration, 39, 45- 71. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2435.00171
- Lambert, N. M., Clark, M. S., Durtschi, J., Fincham, F. D., & Graham, S. M. (2010). Benefits of expressing gratitude: expressing gratitude to a partner changes one’s view of the relationship. Psychological Science, 21(4), 574–580. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797610364003
- Liaw, S. S., Huang, H. M., & Chen, G. D. (2007). An activity-theoretical approach to investigate learners’ factors toward e-learning systems. Computers in Human Behavior, 23, 1906-1920. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2006.02.002
- Liu, E. Z. F., Lin, C. H., Jian, P. H., & Liou, P. Y. (2012). The dynamics of motivation and learning strategy in a creativity-supporting learning environment in higher education. Turkish Online Journal Of Educational Technology-TOJET, 11(1), 172-180.
- Malik, M. F., Zaman, M., & Buckby, S. (2020). Enterprise risk management and firm performance: Role of the risk committee. Journal of Contemporary Accounting & Economics, 16(1), 100178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcae.2019.100178
- Marin, L. M., & Halpern, D. F. (2011). Pedagogy for developing critical thinking in adolescents: Explicit instruction produces greatest gains. Thinking skills and creativity, 6(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2010.08.002
- Mathews, S. & Lowe, K. (2011). Classroom environments that foster a disposition for critical thinking. Learning Environments Research, 14, 59-73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10984-011-9082-2
- McInerney, D. M. (2004). A Discussion of Future Time Perspective. Educational Psychology Review, 16(2), 141–151. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23363837
- MEB, EARGED (2011). MEB 21. yüzyıl öğrenci profili. Erişim adresi: https://www.meb.gov.tr/earged/earged/21.%20yy_og_pro.pdf
- Murray, M., & Pérez J. (2008). Information and communication technology literacy here and abroad: a comparison of college students in the US and the British Vigin Islands. 2008 Proceedings. 16. http://aisel.aisnet.org/siged2008/16
- Sharif, N., Ahmad, N., & Sarwar, S. (2019). Factors ınfluencing career choices. IBT Journal of Business Studies (JBS), Ilma University, Faculty of Management Science, 15(1), 33-45. https://doi.org/10.46745/ilma.ibtjbs.2019.151.3
- Orbeta, A. C. (2002). Globalization and employment: The impact of trade on employment level and structure in the Philippines (No. 2002-04). PIDS Discussion Paper Series.
- OECD. (2018). The future of education and skills: Education 2030. Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/education/2030/E2030%20Position%20Paper%20
- Popović, R., Samouilidou, E., Popović, J., & Dolga, M. (2020). Assessment of the quality of life, health, and social wellness in upper elementary school students: cross-cultural and gender specificity. Britain International of Humanities and Social Sciences (BIoHS) Journal, 2(1), 127-142.
- Rahman, R. A., Yusof, Y. M., Kashefi, H., & Baharun, S. (2012). Developing mathematical communication skills of engineering students. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 46, 5541–5547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.472
- Rahmadani, C. L., Fitrawati, F., & Syarif, H. (2019). EFL learners’ perception toward the use of interactive e-book in grammar class. AJELP: Asian Journal of English Language and Pedagogy, 7(2), 18-30.
- Resnick, M. D., Bearman, P. S., Blum, R. W., Bauman, K. E., Harris, K. M., Jones, J., Tabor, J., Beuhring, T., Sieving, R. E., Shew, M., Ireland, M., Bearinger, L. H., & Udry, J. R. (1997). Protecting adolescents from harm: Findings from the national longitudinal study on adolescent health. JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association, 278(10), 823–832. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.278.10.823.
- Savu, E., Chirimbu, S., & Dejica-Cartis, A. (2014). What skills do foreign languages teachers need in the 21st century? Professional Communication and Translation Studies, 7(12), p:151-158. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejfl.v0i0.2209
- Schafersman S. D. (1991). An introduction to critical thinking. URL (last checked 28 March 2011). http://www.freeinquiry.com/critical-thinking.html
- Scriven, M. (2008). A Summative Evaluation of RCT Methodology: & An Alternative Approach to Causal Research. Journal of MultiDisciplinary Evaluation, 5(9), 11–24. https://doi.org/10.56645/jmde.v5i9.160
- Sopa, I. S., & Pomohaci, M. (2018). Study regarding the motivation for practicing sports activities at students from University" Lucian Blaga" Sibiu. Scientific Bulletin" Mircea cel Batran" Naval Academy, 21(2), 1-13.
Spence, R., & Smith M. L. (2010). ICT, development, and poverty reduction: Five emerging stories. Information Technologies & International Development, 6(Special Edition 2010), 11-17.
- Starks, D., & Paltridge, B. (2001). A note on using sociolingustic methods to study non‐native attitudes towards English. World Englishes, 15, 217-224. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-971X.1996.tb00107.x
- Strand, R. (2011). Exploring the role of leadership in corporate social responsibility: a review. Journal of Leadership, Accountability and Ethics, 8(4), 84-96.
- Tarabishy, A., Solomon, G., Fernald R. & Sashkin, M. (2005). The entrepreneurial leader’s ımpact on the organization’s performance in dynamic markets, Journal of Private Equity, 8(4), 20-29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3905/jpe.2005.580519
- Teh, N. C., Isa, N. H., & Omar, A. (2017). Critical thinking module in promoting higher order thinking skills among secondary school students. AJELP: Asian Journal of English Language and Pedagogy, 5, 68-79.
- Tempelaar, D. T. (2006). The Role of Metacognition in Business Education. Industry and Higher Education, 20(5), 291–297. https://doi.org/10.5367/000000006778702292
- TÜSİAD. (1999). Türkiye’de mesleki ve teknik eğitimin yeniden yapılandırılması. İstanbul: Lebib Yalkın.
- TUSİAD. (2014). STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering And Mathematics Fen, Teknoloji, Mühendislik, Matematik) Alanında Eğitim Almış İşgücüne Yönelik Talep Ve Beklentiler Araştırması. İstanbul: TUSİAD, (2014). https://www.tusiad.org/tr/ (28.04.2022).
- Vacharkulksemsuk, T., Sekerka, L. E., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2011). Establishing a positive emotional climate to create 21st-century organizational change. The handbook of organizational culture and climate, 2, 101-118.
Voogt, J., & Roblin, N. (2010). 21st century skills: discussion paper. University of Twente, Enschede.
WHO. (2011). 10th Global Conference on Health Promotion Charters a Path for Creating “well-being” societies. https://www.who.int/news/item/15-12-2021-10th-global-conference-on-health-promotion-charters-a-path-for-creating-well-being-societies
- Yakovchuk, N. (2004). Global issues and values in foreign language education: Selection and awareness-raising. ELTED, 8, 28-47.
- Yang, J.Y. & Gamble, J. (2013). Effective and practical critical thinking-enhanced EFL instruction. ELT Journal, 67, 398-412. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/cct038
- Yang, J. Y., & Teng, Y. W. (2014). Perceptions of Elementary School Teachers and Students Using Interactive Whiteboards in English Teaching and Learning. Journal of Interactive Learning Research, 25(1), 125-154.
- Waynesville, NC: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE). Retrieved May 6, 2023 from https://www.learntechlib.org/primary/p/36106/.
- Zhao, F. (2005). Exploring the synergy between entrepreneurship and innovation. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 11(1), 25-41. https://doi.org/10.1108/13552550510580825
- Zeybek, G. (2019). Lise öğrencilerinin 21. yüzyıl öğrenme becerileri kullanım düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research, 5(2), 142-156. https://doi.org/10.24289/ijsser.505263
21st Century Skills and Social Well-Being Levels of High School Students in Foreign Language Department
Year 2023,
Volume: 11 Issue: 2 - AJELI - YIL 2023, SAYI 2, 306 - 324, 31.12.2023
Emine Tunçer Günay
,
Hakan Sarıçam
References
- Akın, A., Demirci, İ., Nihan, Ç., Sarıçam, H., & Hilal, O. (2013). Sosyal İyi Olma Ölçeği Türkçe Formunun Geçerlik ve Güvenirliği. 5. Ulusal Lisansüstü Eğitim Sempozyumu, Sakarya, Turkey
- American Association of Colleges and Universities. (2007). College learning for the new global century. Washington: AACU.
- Ansari, U., & Malik, K. (2013). Image of An Effective Teacher in 21st Century Classroom. Journal of Educational and Instructional Studies in the World, 3.
- Benade, L. (2015) Teachers’ Critical Reflective Practice in the Context of Twenty-first Century Learning, Open Review of Educational Research, 2(1), 42-54. https://doi.org/10.1080/23265507.2014.998159
- Benevene, P., Dal Corso, L., De Carlo, A., Falco, A., Carluccio, F., & Vecina, M. L. (2018). Ethical leadership as antecedent of job satisfaction, affective organizational commitment and intention to stay among volunteers of non-profit organizations. Frontiers in psychology, 9, 2069.
- Bleakley, H. & Chin, A. (2004). Language Skills and Earnings: Evidence from Childhood Immigrants. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 86(2), 481–496. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3211642
- Block, D., & Cameron, D. (2002). Globalization and language teaching. London and New York: Routledge.
Boholano, H. (2017). Smart social networking: 21st century teaching and learning skills. Research in Pedagogy, 7, 21-29. https://doi.org/10.17810/2015.45
- Bundy, A. (1998). Information literacy: the key competency for the 21st century. https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/iatul/1998/papers/5/
- Butler, J. (2012). Subjects of desire: Hegelian reflections in twentieth-century France. Columbia University Press.
- Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö., Karadeniz, Ş., Demirel, F. (2008). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. (1. Baskı). Ankara: PegemA.
- Can, A. (2014). SPSS ile bilimsel araştırma sürecinde nicel veri analizi. Ankara: Pegem A.
- Capone, V., Joshanloo, M., & Park, M. S. A. (2019). Burnout, depression, efficacy beliefs, and work-related variables among school teachers. International Journal of Educational Research, 95, 97-108.
- Cevik, M., & Senturk, C. (2019). Multidimensional 21st century skills scale: Validity and reliability study. Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences, 14(1), 11-28. https://doi.org/10.18844/cjes.v14i1.3506
- Cohen, L., & Manion, L. (1994). Research methods ın education (Fourth Edition), Routledge
- Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
- Cox, C. (2014). 21st century skills and principles of flow in the foreign language classroom. MA Thesis: Brigham Young University. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4197
- Crystal, D. (2006). The fight for english: how language pundits ate, shot, and left. Oxford University Press.
Culhane, S.F. (2004). An Intercultural Interaction Model: Acculturation Attitudes in Second Language Acquisition. Electronic Journal of Foreign Language Teaching, Vol.1,No.1, 50-61. http://eflt.nus.edu.sg/v1n12004/culhane.pdf
- Debrah, Y., & Smith, I. (2002). Globalization, employment and the workplace: Diverse impact. Globalization, Employment and the Workplace: Diverse Impact edited Yaw Debrah and Ian Smith (pp.1-23). London: Routledge.
- Deci, E., & Ryan, R. (1990). A motivational approach to self: integration in personality. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 38, 237-288.
- Diemer, M. A., & Blustein, D. L. (2006). Critical consciousness and career development among urban youth. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 68(2), 220–232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2005.07.001
- Durlak, J. A. (Ed.). (2015). Handbook of social and emotional learning: Research and practice. Guilford Publications.
- Eaton, S. E. (2010). Global trends in language learning in the 21st century. Onate Press.
- Fandiño Parra, Y. J. (2013). 21st century skills and the English foreign language classroom: A call for more awareness in Colombia. Gist Education and Learning Research Journal, 7, 190-208.
- Friedman, T. L. (2008). The world is flat: A brief history of the twenty-first century. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux.
- Gardner, R. C., Masgoret, A. M., & Tremblay, P. F. (1999). Home background characteristics and second language learning. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 18(4), 419-437.
- Graddol, D. (2006). English next (Vol. 62). London: British Council.
- Göktepe-Yıldız, S. (2020). Lise öğrencilerinin 21.yüzyıl becerilerinin bazı demografik değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Ulakbilge, 51, 884–897. https://doi.org/10.7816/ulakbilge-08-51-02
- Guo, J., & Woulfin, S. (2016). Twenty-first century creativity: an ınvestigation of how the partnership for 21st century ınstructional framework reflects the principles of creativity. Roeper Review, 38, 153-161. https://doi.org/10.1080/02783193.2016.1183741
- Hancock, I. (1993). The emergence of a Union Dialect of North American Vlax Romani, and its implications for an international standard. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 99, 91-104.
- Hicks, J. A., & King, L. A. (2009). Positive mood and social relatedness as information about meaning in life. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 4(6), 471–482. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760903271108
- Hicks, J., Trent, J., Davis, W., & King, L. (2011). Positive affect, meaning in life, and future time perspective: an application of socioemotional selectivity theory. Psychology and Aging, 27, 181-189. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023965
- Jensen, E. (2010). Between credulity and scepticism: Envisaging the fourth estate in 21st-century science journalism. Media, Culture & Society, 32, 615-630. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443710367695
- Kazi, S. A., & Akhlaq, A. (2017). Factors affecting students' career choice. Journal of Research and Reflections in Education. 11(2), 187–196.
- Keyes, C. L. M. (1998). Social Well-Being. Social Psychology Quarterly, 61(2), 121–140. https://doi.org/10.2307/2787065
- Kim, H. Y. (2013). Statistical notes for clinical researchers: assessing normal distribution (2) using skewness and kurtosis. Restor Dent Endod, 38(1), 52-4. https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2013.38.1.52
- Kirby, D. A. (2004). Entrepreneurship education: can business schools meet the challenge? Education+ training, 46(8/9), 510-519.
- Kirkwood, T. (2008). Foresight Mental Capital and Wellbeing Project 2008 Final Project Report Executive Summary. Mental Capital through Life. London: Government Office for Science
- Khadria, B. (2002). Shifting paradigms of globalization: the twenty-first century transition towards generics in skilled migration from India. International Migration, 39, 45- 71. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2435.00171
- Lambert, N. M., Clark, M. S., Durtschi, J., Fincham, F. D., & Graham, S. M. (2010). Benefits of expressing gratitude: expressing gratitude to a partner changes one’s view of the relationship. Psychological Science, 21(4), 574–580. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797610364003
- Liaw, S. S., Huang, H. M., & Chen, G. D. (2007). An activity-theoretical approach to investigate learners’ factors toward e-learning systems. Computers in Human Behavior, 23, 1906-1920. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2006.02.002
- Liu, E. Z. F., Lin, C. H., Jian, P. H., & Liou, P. Y. (2012). The dynamics of motivation and learning strategy in a creativity-supporting learning environment in higher education. Turkish Online Journal Of Educational Technology-TOJET, 11(1), 172-180.
- Malik, M. F., Zaman, M., & Buckby, S. (2020). Enterprise risk management and firm performance: Role of the risk committee. Journal of Contemporary Accounting & Economics, 16(1), 100178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcae.2019.100178
- Marin, L. M., & Halpern, D. F. (2011). Pedagogy for developing critical thinking in adolescents: Explicit instruction produces greatest gains. Thinking skills and creativity, 6(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2010.08.002
- Mathews, S. & Lowe, K. (2011). Classroom environments that foster a disposition for critical thinking. Learning Environments Research, 14, 59-73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10984-011-9082-2
- McInerney, D. M. (2004). A Discussion of Future Time Perspective. Educational Psychology Review, 16(2), 141–151. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23363837
- MEB, EARGED (2011). MEB 21. yüzyıl öğrenci profili. Erişim adresi: https://www.meb.gov.tr/earged/earged/21.%20yy_og_pro.pdf
- Murray, M., & Pérez J. (2008). Information and communication technology literacy here and abroad: a comparison of college students in the US and the British Vigin Islands. 2008 Proceedings. 16. http://aisel.aisnet.org/siged2008/16
- Sharif, N., Ahmad, N., & Sarwar, S. (2019). Factors ınfluencing career choices. IBT Journal of Business Studies (JBS), Ilma University, Faculty of Management Science, 15(1), 33-45. https://doi.org/10.46745/ilma.ibtjbs.2019.151.3
- Orbeta, A. C. (2002). Globalization and employment: The impact of trade on employment level and structure in the Philippines (No. 2002-04). PIDS Discussion Paper Series.
- OECD. (2018). The future of education and skills: Education 2030. Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/education/2030/E2030%20Position%20Paper%20
- Popović, R., Samouilidou, E., Popović, J., & Dolga, M. (2020). Assessment of the quality of life, health, and social wellness in upper elementary school students: cross-cultural and gender specificity. Britain International of Humanities and Social Sciences (BIoHS) Journal, 2(1), 127-142.
- Rahman, R. A., Yusof, Y. M., Kashefi, H., & Baharun, S. (2012). Developing mathematical communication skills of engineering students. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 46, 5541–5547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.472
- Rahmadani, C. L., Fitrawati, F., & Syarif, H. (2019). EFL learners’ perception toward the use of interactive e-book in grammar class. AJELP: Asian Journal of English Language and Pedagogy, 7(2), 18-30.
- Resnick, M. D., Bearman, P. S., Blum, R. W., Bauman, K. E., Harris, K. M., Jones, J., Tabor, J., Beuhring, T., Sieving, R. E., Shew, M., Ireland, M., Bearinger, L. H., & Udry, J. R. (1997). Protecting adolescents from harm: Findings from the national longitudinal study on adolescent health. JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association, 278(10), 823–832. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.278.10.823.
- Savu, E., Chirimbu, S., & Dejica-Cartis, A. (2014). What skills do foreign languages teachers need in the 21st century? Professional Communication and Translation Studies, 7(12), p:151-158. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejfl.v0i0.2209
- Schafersman S. D. (1991). An introduction to critical thinking. URL (last checked 28 March 2011). http://www.freeinquiry.com/critical-thinking.html
- Scriven, M. (2008). A Summative Evaluation of RCT Methodology: & An Alternative Approach to Causal Research. Journal of MultiDisciplinary Evaluation, 5(9), 11–24. https://doi.org/10.56645/jmde.v5i9.160
- Sopa, I. S., & Pomohaci, M. (2018). Study regarding the motivation for practicing sports activities at students from University" Lucian Blaga" Sibiu. Scientific Bulletin" Mircea cel Batran" Naval Academy, 21(2), 1-13.
Spence, R., & Smith M. L. (2010). ICT, development, and poverty reduction: Five emerging stories. Information Technologies & International Development, 6(Special Edition 2010), 11-17.
- Starks, D., & Paltridge, B. (2001). A note on using sociolingustic methods to study non‐native attitudes towards English. World Englishes, 15, 217-224. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-971X.1996.tb00107.x
- Strand, R. (2011). Exploring the role of leadership in corporate social responsibility: a review. Journal of Leadership, Accountability and Ethics, 8(4), 84-96.
- Tarabishy, A., Solomon, G., Fernald R. & Sashkin, M. (2005). The entrepreneurial leader’s ımpact on the organization’s performance in dynamic markets, Journal of Private Equity, 8(4), 20-29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3905/jpe.2005.580519
- Teh, N. C., Isa, N. H., & Omar, A. (2017). Critical thinking module in promoting higher order thinking skills among secondary school students. AJELP: Asian Journal of English Language and Pedagogy, 5, 68-79.
- Tempelaar, D. T. (2006). The Role of Metacognition in Business Education. Industry and Higher Education, 20(5), 291–297. https://doi.org/10.5367/000000006778702292
- TÜSİAD. (1999). Türkiye’de mesleki ve teknik eğitimin yeniden yapılandırılması. İstanbul: Lebib Yalkın.
- TUSİAD. (2014). STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering And Mathematics Fen, Teknoloji, Mühendislik, Matematik) Alanında Eğitim Almış İşgücüne Yönelik Talep Ve Beklentiler Araştırması. İstanbul: TUSİAD, (2014). https://www.tusiad.org/tr/ (28.04.2022).
- Vacharkulksemsuk, T., Sekerka, L. E., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2011). Establishing a positive emotional climate to create 21st-century organizational change. The handbook of organizational culture and climate, 2, 101-118.
Voogt, J., & Roblin, N. (2010). 21st century skills: discussion paper. University of Twente, Enschede.
WHO. (2011). 10th Global Conference on Health Promotion Charters a Path for Creating “well-being” societies. https://www.who.int/news/item/15-12-2021-10th-global-conference-on-health-promotion-charters-a-path-for-creating-well-being-societies
- Yakovchuk, N. (2004). Global issues and values in foreign language education: Selection and awareness-raising. ELTED, 8, 28-47.
- Yang, J.Y. & Gamble, J. (2013). Effective and practical critical thinking-enhanced EFL instruction. ELT Journal, 67, 398-412. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/cct038
- Yang, J. Y., & Teng, Y. W. (2014). Perceptions of Elementary School Teachers and Students Using Interactive Whiteboards in English Teaching and Learning. Journal of Interactive Learning Research, 25(1), 125-154.
- Waynesville, NC: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE). Retrieved May 6, 2023 from https://www.learntechlib.org/primary/p/36106/.
- Zhao, F. (2005). Exploring the synergy between entrepreneurship and innovation. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 11(1), 25-41. https://doi.org/10.1108/13552550510580825
- Zeybek, G. (2019). Lise öğrencilerinin 21. yüzyıl öğrenme becerileri kullanım düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research, 5(2), 142-156. https://doi.org/10.24289/ijsser.505263