Görsel Sanatlar Öğretmen Eğitiminde Toplumsal Konuların Sorgulanması

Year 2024, Volume: 14 Issue: 2, 524 - 547, 30.07.2024

Sevcan Saribaş

https://doi.org/10.18039/ajesi.1414392

Abstract

Toplumun daha adil ve demokratik olabilmesi için bireylerin kendilerini çevreleyen toplumsal konulara yönelik farkındalık kazanmaları ve bu konularla nasıl etkileşimde bulundukları ve bunların doğurduğu sorunlara nasıl tepki vereceklerini bilmeleri önemlidir. Çevre, iklim krizi, insan hakları, ayrımcılık, eşitlik ve kalıp yargılar gibi pek çok konu, toplumsal farkındalık yaratmak için günümüz sanatçıları tarafından ele alınmaktadır. Bu konular görsel sanatlar eğitiminde öğrencilerin topluma ve çevreye ilişkin anlayış geliştirmelerine yardımcı olabilir. Bu araştırmada konu odaklı sanat eğitimi yaklaşımı benimsenerek iki toplumsal konuyu ele alan öğrenme etkinliği tasarlanmıştır. Bu etkinliklerden yola çıkarak görsel sanatlar öğretmen adaylarının toplumsal konuları nasıl algıladıklarını ve sanatsal uygulamalarına nasıl yansıttıklarını incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Sanat temelli araştırma yönteminin benimsendiği bu araştırmaya Türkiye’deki bir devlet üniversitesinde Resim-İş Öğretmenliği programında 2. sınıf düzeyinde öğrenim gören toplam 10 görsel sanatlar öğretmen adayı katılmıştır. Veriler; sanatsal çalışmalar, çalışma yaprakları ve yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme yoluyla toplanmış; tümevarımcı analiz yoluyla çözümlenmiştir. Veri analizi sonucunda ulaşılan bulgular; süreçte yapılan sorgulamalar ve yorumlar ve tüm sürece dair yapılan değerlendirmeler olmak üzere iki ana tema üzerinden açıklanmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucuna göre; öğretmen adaylarının sanat eserlerini sorgulayarak farklı bakış açısı kazandıkları, kendisinden farklı olanla empati kurmada istekli oldukları, sanatın toplumdan beslendiğini ve bu nedenle toplumu ilgilendiren her konunun görsel sanatlar derslerinde ele alınmasının gerekliliğini vurguladıkları görülmüştür.

Keywords

görsel sanatlar eğitimi, sanat, konu odaklı sanat eğitimi, toplumsal konular

Questioning Social Issues in Visual Arts Teacher Education

Abstract

In order for society to be more just and democratic, it is important for individuals to be aware of the social issues that surround them and to know how they interact with and respond to the problems they create. Today, many social issues such as the environment, climate crisis, human rights, discrimination, equality and stereotypes are addressed by artists to raise awareness. These issues can help students develop an understanding of society and the environment in visual arts education. In this study, two teaching activities were designed by adopting an issues-based art education approach. Based on these activities, it was aimed to examine how visual arts pre-service teachers perceive social issues and how they reflect them in their artistic practices. A total of 10 pre-service teachers studying at the 2nd grade level in the Art Education program at a state university in Turkey participated in this study in which the art-based research method was adopted. In this study, data were collected through artistic works, worksheets and semi-structured interviews and analyzed through inductive analysis. As a result of the data analysis, the findings were discussed under two main themes: the inquiries and comments made during the process and the evaluations made on the whole process. According to the findings of the study, it was seen that the pre-service teachers gained a different perspective by questioning the works of art, were willing to empathize with those who were different from themselves, and emphasized that art is fed by society and therefore every issue concerning the society should be addressed in visual arts courses.

Keywords

visual art education, art, issues-based approach, social issues

Ethical Statement

Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Bilimsel Araştırma ve Yayın Etiği Kurulu’nun 31.10.2023 tarih ve 622523 protokol numaralı Etik Kurul Onayı alınmıştır.

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