Türkiye'nin Ege Bölgesi’ndeki üç çam türünün yıl içerisindeki gövde büyümesi ve meteorolojik faktörlere tepkisi

Abstract

Giriş ve Hedefler Çam ağaçları, Akdeniz ormanlarında ekolojik ve ekonomik açıdan önemli türlerdir; ancak bu ormanlar iklim değişikliği nedeniyle giderek artan kuraklık ve sıcaklık stresine maruz kalmaktadır. Bu anlamda orman dirençliliğini tahmin etmek için türe özgü büyüme tepkilerini anlamak gereklidir. Bu çalışma, Türkiye'nin Ege Bölgesi'ndeki denize yakın düşük rakımlı bir alanda bulunan Pinus brutia ve P. pinea’da ve yüksek rakımlı iki dağlık alanda bulunan P. nigra’da radyal gövde büyüme dinamiklerini ve iklimle ilişkili büyüme tepkilerini analiz etmeyi amaçlamıştır. Yöntemler 2024 yılı büyüme sezonu boyunca yüksek çözünürlüklü elektronik dendrometrelerle gövde yarıçapı değişiklikleri saatlik olarak kaydedilmiştir. Bu veriler kullanılarak günlük büyüme oranları ile günlük ve mevsimsel büyüme dinamikleri değerlendirilmiştir. Hava sıcaklığı, buhar basıncı açığı (VPD) ve yağışın büyüme olasılığı ve miktarı üzerindeki etkilerini incelemek için iki parçalı istatistiksel modeller uygulanmıştır. Bulgular Gövde büyümesi denize yakın alanda dağlık alanlara göre bir aydan daha erken başlamıştır. Tüm türler belirgin bir ilkbahar büyümesi gösterirken, yazın ağaçların büyüme seyri türler arasında önemli ölçüde farklılık göstermiştir. P. brutia yaz ve sonbahar boyunca gövde büyümesini sürdürürken P. pinea ve P. nigra çok az miktarda büyüme göstermiştir. Daha yüksek hava sıcaklığı P. brutia ve P. nigra için büyüme olasılığını artırırken, daha yüksek buhar basıncı açığı çoğunlukla büyüme olasılığını ve miktarını azaltmıştır. Yağış, günlük büyüme oranları üzerinde önemli bir etki göstermemiştir. Sonuçlar Bir yıllık çalışma süresi içinde iklime karşı büyüme tepkileri tür ve bölgeye özgü farklılıklar gösterirken P. brutia’nın kuraklığa karşı daha dayanıklı olduğu görülmüştür. Bu çalışma, yüksek çözünürlüklü dendrometre verilerinin, kısa zaman içerisindeki iklimsel değişkenliğin yıl içi büyüme tepkilerini yakalamada başarılı olduğunu da göstermektedir.

Keywords

• Karaçam
• nokta dendrometre
• gövde yarıçap değişimi
• fıstık çamı
• kızılçam

Intra-annual stem growth and response to meteorological factors in three pine species from the Aegean Region of Türkiye

Abstract

Background and Aims Pines are ecologically and economically important in Mediterranean forests, which are increasingly exposed to drought and heat stress due to climate change. Understanding species-specific growth responses is important for predicting forest resilience. This study aimed to analyze radial stem growth dynamics and climate-growth responses in Pinus brutia and P. pinea at a low-elevation coastal site, and P. nigra at two montane sites in the Aegean region of Türkiye. Methods High-resolution electronic dendrometers recorded stem radius changes hourly during the 2024 growing season. These data were used to assess daily growth rates, as well as diurnal and seasonal growth dynamics. Two-part statistical models were applied to evaluate the effects of air temperature, vapor pressure deficit, and precipitation on growth likelihood and amount. Results Growth onset occurred more than one month earlier at the coastal site than at the montane sites. All species showed pronounced spring growth, but summer patterns differed notably. P. brutia maintained stem growth during both summer and autumn, whereas P. pinea and P. nigra showed very limited growth. Higher air temperatures increased growth probability in P. brutia and P. nigra, whereas higher vapor pressure deficit reduced both the likelihood and amount of growth across most sites. Precipitation had no significant effect on daily growth rates. Conclusions During the study year, growth responses were strongly species- and site-specific, with P. brutia exhibiting greater drought tolerance. This study highlights the value of high-resolution dendrometer data in capturing intra-annual growth responses to short-term climatic variability.

Keywords

• Black pine
• point dendrometer
• stem radius change
• Stone pine
• Turkish pine

Thanks

I am grateful to the Aegean Forestry Research Institute for their support and for granting permission to install one of the monitoring sites within their pine plantation. I also sincerely thank the General Directorate of Nature Conservation and National Parks, as well as the staff at Spil Mountain National Park, for allowing access to the study areas and for their assistance within the park. Special thanks go to those who contributed to the installation and maintenance of the dendrometers. I also acknowledge the Turkish State Meteorological Service for providing meteorological data used in this study.

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