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Investigation of the 5-hydroxymethylyfurfural value and antioxidant properties of Kazdaği Fir cone syrup

Year 2024, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 45 - 49, 11.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.53516/ajfr.1436172

Abstract

Background and aims Cone syrup, unlike cone molasses, is a food product prepared without adding beet sugar. The use of high temperatures in the production of syrups and molasses causes the formation of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), which causes serious toxic effects on the human body, from glucose, fructose aldose and ketose monosaccharides. Although pine cone syrup is just becoming widespread in our country, it is a new food that is in high demand during the winter months. Therefore, in the study, HMF levels, sugar content, phenolic content and antioxidant levels in Kastamonu local cone syrup prepared without adding beet sugar were experimentally determined.
Methods The color intensity resulting from the reaction of hydroxymethylfurfural, paratoluidine and barbituric acid was determined by reading the absorbance at a wavelength of 550 nm with a spectrophotometer. HMF measured spectrophotometrically was detected at very low levels in the syrup. Brix value, phenolic content and antioxidant values of fir syrup were also evaluated.
Results Spectrophotometric analysis, the HMF content of traditional fir syrup was found to be very low, 8.1 mg/L. In addition, the total phenolic content value of locally produced fir cone syrup was found to be 6,050 mg GAE/g and the % inhibition value calculated by the DPPH method was 48,553, thus shedding light on its potential nutritional content through antioxidant activity analyses.
Conclusions This study is the first to investigate fir syrup. As a result of the study, antioxidant activity analyzes shed light on its potential nutritional content. More importantly, this study was the first to show that fir syrup has a low glycemic index with a % Brix value (2.370±0.058) and that diabetic patients can safely use it instead of molasses.

References

  • Abraham, K., Gürtler, R., Berg, K., Heinemeyer, G., Lampen, A. and Appel, K.E., 2011. Toxicology and risk assessment of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural in food. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 55(5), 667-678.
  • Akar, M., 2022. Nevşehir İlinde Yetişen Pinus nigra jf. arnold ve Thuja occidentalis Türü Ağaçlardan Toplanan Kozalakların Antioksidan ve Antibakteriyel Aktiviteleri." Nevşehir Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 11(1), 11-19.
  • Anonim, 2007. Türk Gıda Kodeksi Üzüm Pekmezi Tebliği (Tebliğ No:2007/27). (http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/06/20070615–6.htm) (Erişim Tarihi: 01.08.2017).
  • Bakhiya, N., Monien, B., Frank, H., Seidel, A. and Glatt, H., 2009. Renal organic anion transporters OAT1 and OAT3 mediate the cellular accumulation of 5-sulfooxymethylfurfural, a reactive, nephrotoxic metabolite of the Maillard product 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. Biochemical Pharmacology, 78(4), 414-419.
  • Batu, A., Aydoymuş, R.E., and Batu, H.S., 2014. Gıdalarda hidroksimetilfurfural (HMF) oluşumu ve insan sağlığı üzerine etkisi. Electronic Journal of Food Technologies, 9(1), 40-55.
  • Baysan, U., Elmas, F., and Koç, M., 2019. The effect of spray drying conditions on physicochemical properties of encapsulated propolis powder. Journal of Food Process Engineering, 42(4), 13-24.
  • Bharate, S.S., and Bharate, S.B., 2014. Non-enzymatic browning in citrus juice: chemical markers, their detection and ways to improve product quality. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 51, 2271-2288.
  • Binici, H.İ., Şat, İ.G., and Genç, B., 2023. Kahvaltılık Yeni Bir Ürün: Işkın (Rheum ribes L.) Reçeli. Gıda, 48(2), 445-458.
  • Bogdanov, S., Martin, P., and Lullmann, C., 2002. Harmonised methods of the international honey commission. Swiss Bee Research Centre, FAM, Liebefeld, 5, 1-62.
  • Elmas, F., Varhan, E., and Koç, M., 2019. Drying characteristics of jujube (Zizyphus jujuba) slices in a hot air dryer and physicochemical properties of jujube powder. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization, 13, 70-86.
  • Ermiş, F., 1997. Şifalı bitkiler ansiklopedisi. İstanbul: Gün Yayıncılık.
  • Eskin, N., 1990. Biochemistry of food processing: browning reactions in foods. Biochemistry of Foods 2.
  • Hepsağ, F. and Hayoğlu, İ., 2017. Akdeniz Bölgesinde Satışı Yapılan Bazı Reçellerin HMF Miktarlarının HPLC ile Belirlenmesi ve Değerlendirilmesi. Batman Üniversitesi Yaşam Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(2), 149-160.
  • Huang, D., Ou, B., and Prior, R.L., 2005. The chemistry behind antioxidant capacity assays. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53(6), 1841-1856.
  • İncemehmetoğlu, E., 2021. Geleneksel çam kozalağı pekmezinin fizikokimyasal, biyoaktif ve fonksiyonel özelliklerinin araştırılması, Kastamonu Üniversitesi.
  • Kreft, S., 2021. Phytochemical, pharmacological and clinical studies of an extract prepared from silver fir branches (Abies alba). Biologia Serbica 43(1), 57-62.
  • Kus, S., Gogus, F., and Eren, S., 2005. Hydroxymethyl furfural content of concentrated food products. International Journal of Food Properties, 8(2), 367-375.
  • Kwak, C.S., Moon, S.C., and Lee, M.S., 2006. Antioxidant, antimutagenic, and antitumor effects of pine needles (Pinus densiflora). Nutrition and cancer, 56(2), 162-171.
  • Labuza, T.P., and Saltmarch, M., 1981. The nonenzymatic browning reaction as affected by water in foods. Water activity: Influences on food quality, 605-650.
  • Meng, Q., 2010. Separation, purification and bioactivity of polysaccharide from pine cone of Pinus koraiensis. Master Thesis. Harbin, Heilongjiang, China: Harbin Institute of Technology. Rosatella, A.A., Simeonov, S.P., Frade, R.F., and Afonso, C.A., 2011. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) as a building block platform: Biological properties, synthesis and synthetic applications. Green Chemistry, 13(4), 754-793.
  • Schoss, K., Benedetič, R., and Kreft, S., 2022. The Phenolic Content, Antioxidative Properties and Extractable Substances in Silver Fir (Abies alba Mill.) Branches Decrease with Distance from the Trunk. Plants, 11(3), 333.
  • Türkben, C., and Uylaşer, V., 2018. Türkiye’de Farklı Lokasyonlarda Üretilen Pekmezin (Üzüm Pekmezi) Fiziksel ve Kimyasal Özellikleri. Bahçe, 47(Özel Sayı 1), 131-139.
  • Ulbricht, R.J., Northup, S.J., and Thomas, J.A., 1984. A review of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in parenteral solutions. Toxicological Sciences, 4(5), 843-853.
  • Urgu, M., Saatli, T.E., Türk, A., and Koca, N., 2017. Isıl işlem görmüş içme sütlerinde (Pastörize, UHT ve Laktozsuz UHT Süt) hidroksimetilfurfural içeriğinin belirlenmesi. Akademik Gıda, 15(3), 249-255.
  • Van Putten, R.J., Soetedjo, J.N., Pidko, E.A., van der Waal, J.C., Hensen, E.J., de Jong, E., and Heeres, H.J., 2013. Dehydration of different ketoses and aldoses to 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural. ChemSusChem, 6(9), 1681-1687.
  • Yi, J., Qu, H., Wu, Y.Z., Wang, Z.Y., Wang, L., 2017. Study on antitumor, antioxidant and immunoregulatory activities of the purified polyphenols from pinecone of Pinus koraiensis on tumor-bearing S180 mice in vivo. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 94 (PartA): 735–744. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.10.071
  • Yücel, E., 2014. Türkiye’de Yetişen Tıbbi Bitkiler Tanıma Klavuzu. Türmatsan, İstanbul.

Kazdağı Göknarı kozalak şurubunun 5-hidroksimetilfurfural değerinin ve antioksidan özelliklerinin incelenmesi

Year 2024, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 45 - 49, 11.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.53516/ajfr.1436172

Abstract

Giriş ve Hedefler Kozalak şurubu, kozalak pekmezinden farklı olarak, pancar şekeri ilave edilmeden hazırlanan gıda ürünüdür. Şurup ve pekmezlerin üretiminde yüksek sıcaklık kullanımı, glikoz, früktoz aldoz ve ketoz yapılı monosakkaritlerden insan vücudu üzerinde ciddi toksik etkilere sebep olan 5-Hidroksimetilfurfural (HMF) oluşturabilmesine neden olmaktadır. Kozalak şurubu ülkemizde yeni yeni yaygınlaşmakla beraber kış aylarında oldukça yüksek oranda talep gören yeni bir gıdadır. Bu nedenle çalışmada, pancar şekeri ilave edilmeden hazırlanan Kastamonu yöresel kozalak şurubunda HMF seviyeleri, içerdiği şeker miktarı, fenolik içerik ve antioksidan seviyeler deneysel olarak tespit edilmiştir.
Yöntemler Hidroksimetilfurfural, paratoluidin ve barbitürik asidin reaksiyonu sonucu ortaya çıkan renk yoğunluğu, 550 nm dalga boyunda absorbansın spektrofotometre ile okunmasıyla belirlenmiştir. Spektrofotometrik olarak ölçülen HMF şurupta çok düşük seviyelerde tespit edilmiştir. Köknar şurubunun, brix değeri, fenolik içeriği ve antioksidan değerleri de değerlendirilmiştir.
Bulgular Spektrofotometrik analiz sonucunda geleneksel köknar şurubunun HMF içeriği 8.1 mg/L gibi çok düşük değerde bulunmuştur. Ayrıca yerel olarak üretilmiş köknar kozalak şurubunun toplam fenolik içerik değeri 6.050 mg GAE/g ve DPPH metodu ile hesaplanan % inhibisyon değeri 48.553 olarak bulunmuş.
Sonuçlar Bu çalışma köknar şurubunun araştırıldığı ilk çalışmadır. Çalışma sonucunda antioksidan aktivite analizleri ile potansiyel besin içeriğine ışık tutmuştur. Daha da önemlisi, bu çalışma ile köknar şurubunun % Brix değeri (2.370±0.058) ile düşük glisemik indekse sahip olduğu ve diyabetik hastaların pekmez yerine güvenle kullanılabileceğini gösteren ilk çalışma olmuştur.

Ethical Statement

Çalışmamız için etik izin gerekmemektedir

References

  • Abraham, K., Gürtler, R., Berg, K., Heinemeyer, G., Lampen, A. and Appel, K.E., 2011. Toxicology and risk assessment of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural in food. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 55(5), 667-678.
  • Akar, M., 2022. Nevşehir İlinde Yetişen Pinus nigra jf. arnold ve Thuja occidentalis Türü Ağaçlardan Toplanan Kozalakların Antioksidan ve Antibakteriyel Aktiviteleri." Nevşehir Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 11(1), 11-19.
  • Anonim, 2007. Türk Gıda Kodeksi Üzüm Pekmezi Tebliği (Tebliğ No:2007/27). (http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/06/20070615–6.htm) (Erişim Tarihi: 01.08.2017).
  • Bakhiya, N., Monien, B., Frank, H., Seidel, A. and Glatt, H., 2009. Renal organic anion transporters OAT1 and OAT3 mediate the cellular accumulation of 5-sulfooxymethylfurfural, a reactive, nephrotoxic metabolite of the Maillard product 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. Biochemical Pharmacology, 78(4), 414-419.
  • Batu, A., Aydoymuş, R.E., and Batu, H.S., 2014. Gıdalarda hidroksimetilfurfural (HMF) oluşumu ve insan sağlığı üzerine etkisi. Electronic Journal of Food Technologies, 9(1), 40-55.
  • Baysan, U., Elmas, F., and Koç, M., 2019. The effect of spray drying conditions on physicochemical properties of encapsulated propolis powder. Journal of Food Process Engineering, 42(4), 13-24.
  • Bharate, S.S., and Bharate, S.B., 2014. Non-enzymatic browning in citrus juice: chemical markers, their detection and ways to improve product quality. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 51, 2271-2288.
  • Binici, H.İ., Şat, İ.G., and Genç, B., 2023. Kahvaltılık Yeni Bir Ürün: Işkın (Rheum ribes L.) Reçeli. Gıda, 48(2), 445-458.
  • Bogdanov, S., Martin, P., and Lullmann, C., 2002. Harmonised methods of the international honey commission. Swiss Bee Research Centre, FAM, Liebefeld, 5, 1-62.
  • Elmas, F., Varhan, E., and Koç, M., 2019. Drying characteristics of jujube (Zizyphus jujuba) slices in a hot air dryer and physicochemical properties of jujube powder. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization, 13, 70-86.
  • Ermiş, F., 1997. Şifalı bitkiler ansiklopedisi. İstanbul: Gün Yayıncılık.
  • Eskin, N., 1990. Biochemistry of food processing: browning reactions in foods. Biochemistry of Foods 2.
  • Hepsağ, F. and Hayoğlu, İ., 2017. Akdeniz Bölgesinde Satışı Yapılan Bazı Reçellerin HMF Miktarlarının HPLC ile Belirlenmesi ve Değerlendirilmesi. Batman Üniversitesi Yaşam Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(2), 149-160.
  • Huang, D., Ou, B., and Prior, R.L., 2005. The chemistry behind antioxidant capacity assays. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53(6), 1841-1856.
  • İncemehmetoğlu, E., 2021. Geleneksel çam kozalağı pekmezinin fizikokimyasal, biyoaktif ve fonksiyonel özelliklerinin araştırılması, Kastamonu Üniversitesi.
  • Kreft, S., 2021. Phytochemical, pharmacological and clinical studies of an extract prepared from silver fir branches (Abies alba). Biologia Serbica 43(1), 57-62.
  • Kus, S., Gogus, F., and Eren, S., 2005. Hydroxymethyl furfural content of concentrated food products. International Journal of Food Properties, 8(2), 367-375.
  • Kwak, C.S., Moon, S.C., and Lee, M.S., 2006. Antioxidant, antimutagenic, and antitumor effects of pine needles (Pinus densiflora). Nutrition and cancer, 56(2), 162-171.
  • Labuza, T.P., and Saltmarch, M., 1981. The nonenzymatic browning reaction as affected by water in foods. Water activity: Influences on food quality, 605-650.
  • Meng, Q., 2010. Separation, purification and bioactivity of polysaccharide from pine cone of Pinus koraiensis. Master Thesis. Harbin, Heilongjiang, China: Harbin Institute of Technology. Rosatella, A.A., Simeonov, S.P., Frade, R.F., and Afonso, C.A., 2011. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) as a building block platform: Biological properties, synthesis and synthetic applications. Green Chemistry, 13(4), 754-793.
  • Schoss, K., Benedetič, R., and Kreft, S., 2022. The Phenolic Content, Antioxidative Properties and Extractable Substances in Silver Fir (Abies alba Mill.) Branches Decrease with Distance from the Trunk. Plants, 11(3), 333.
  • Türkben, C., and Uylaşer, V., 2018. Türkiye’de Farklı Lokasyonlarda Üretilen Pekmezin (Üzüm Pekmezi) Fiziksel ve Kimyasal Özellikleri. Bahçe, 47(Özel Sayı 1), 131-139.
  • Ulbricht, R.J., Northup, S.J., and Thomas, J.A., 1984. A review of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in parenteral solutions. Toxicological Sciences, 4(5), 843-853.
  • Urgu, M., Saatli, T.E., Türk, A., and Koca, N., 2017. Isıl işlem görmüş içme sütlerinde (Pastörize, UHT ve Laktozsuz UHT Süt) hidroksimetilfurfural içeriğinin belirlenmesi. Akademik Gıda, 15(3), 249-255.
  • Van Putten, R.J., Soetedjo, J.N., Pidko, E.A., van der Waal, J.C., Hensen, E.J., de Jong, E., and Heeres, H.J., 2013. Dehydration of different ketoses and aldoses to 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural. ChemSusChem, 6(9), 1681-1687.
  • Yi, J., Qu, H., Wu, Y.Z., Wang, Z.Y., Wang, L., 2017. Study on antitumor, antioxidant and immunoregulatory activities of the purified polyphenols from pinecone of Pinus koraiensis on tumor-bearing S180 mice in vivo. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 94 (PartA): 735–744. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.10.071
  • Yücel, E., 2014. Türkiye’de Yetişen Tıbbi Bitkiler Tanıma Klavuzu. Türmatsan, İstanbul.
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Forestry Sciences (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Volkan Karacaoğlan 0000-0002-1953-7807

Sibel Bayıl Oguzkan 0000-0003-0254-6915

Bedrettin Selvi 0000-0002-5819-4894

Sabri Ünal 0000-0002-3026-0597

Temel Kan Bakır 0000-0002-7447-1468

Publication Date July 11, 2024
Submission Date February 13, 2024
Acceptance Date June 4, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 10 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Karacaoğlan, V., Bayıl Oguzkan, S., Selvi, B., Ünal, S., et al. (2024). Investigation of the 5-hydroxymethylyfurfural value and antioxidant properties of Kazdaği Fir cone syrup. Anadolu Orman Araştırmaları Dergisi, 10(1), 45-49. https://doi.org/10.53516/ajfr.1436172
AMA Karacaoğlan V, Bayıl Oguzkan S, Selvi B, Ünal S, Bakır TK. Investigation of the 5-hydroxymethylyfurfural value and antioxidant properties of Kazdaği Fir cone syrup. AJFR. July 2024;10(1):45-49. doi:10.53516/ajfr.1436172
Chicago Karacaoğlan, Volkan, Sibel Bayıl Oguzkan, Bedrettin Selvi, Sabri Ünal, and Temel Kan Bakır. “Investigation of the 5-Hydroxymethylyfurfural Value and Antioxidant Properties of Kazdaği Fir Cone Syrup”. Anadolu Orman Araştırmaları Dergisi 10, no. 1 (July 2024): 45-49. https://doi.org/10.53516/ajfr.1436172.
EndNote Karacaoğlan V, Bayıl Oguzkan S, Selvi B, Ünal S, Bakır TK (July 1, 2024) Investigation of the 5-hydroxymethylyfurfural value and antioxidant properties of Kazdaği Fir cone syrup. Anadolu Orman Araştırmaları Dergisi 10 1 45–49.
IEEE V. Karacaoğlan, S. Bayıl Oguzkan, B. Selvi, S. Ünal, and T. K. Bakır, “Investigation of the 5-hydroxymethylyfurfural value and antioxidant properties of Kazdaği Fir cone syrup”, AJFR, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 45–49, 2024, doi: 10.53516/ajfr.1436172.
ISNAD Karacaoğlan, Volkan et al. “Investigation of the 5-Hydroxymethylyfurfural Value and Antioxidant Properties of Kazdaği Fir Cone Syrup”. Anadolu Orman Araştırmaları Dergisi 10/1 (July 2024), 45-49. https://doi.org/10.53516/ajfr.1436172.
JAMA Karacaoğlan V, Bayıl Oguzkan S, Selvi B, Ünal S, Bakır TK. Investigation of the 5-hydroxymethylyfurfural value and antioxidant properties of Kazdaği Fir cone syrup. AJFR. 2024;10:45–49.
MLA Karacaoğlan, Volkan et al. “Investigation of the 5-Hydroxymethylyfurfural Value and Antioxidant Properties of Kazdaği Fir Cone Syrup”. Anadolu Orman Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol. 10, no. 1, 2024, pp. 45-49, doi:10.53516/ajfr.1436172.
Vancouver Karacaoğlan V, Bayıl Oguzkan S, Selvi B, Ünal S, Bakır TK. Investigation of the 5-hydroxymethylyfurfural value and antioxidant properties of Kazdaği Fir cone syrup. AJFR. 2024;10(1):45-9.