Büyük Veri (Big Data)’nin Yapay Zekâ Uygulamalarında Toplumsal Sınıflandırmaya Yönelik Kaygılar

Year 2021, Volume: 12 Issue: 44, 47 - 70, 19.02.2021

Sevda Ünal Ayşe Aslı Sezgin

https://doi.org/10.5824/ajite.2021.01.004.x

Abstract

Büyük Veri kavramı bağlamında gerçekleştirilen çalışmalarda, teknolojik determinist yaklaşımın etkileri dikkat çekmektedir. Bu etkilere yönelik eleştirilerin merkezinde, teknoloji odaklı bir yaklaşımın sosyal, kültürel ve etik yönleri göz ardı edeceği anlayışı bulunmaktadır. İki yönlü tartışmalar içerisinde Büyük Veri kavramı, bir yönden önemli bir teknolojik devrim olarak kabul edilirken diğer yönden ise kontrolün kaybedildiği, toplumsal huzursuzluğun kaynağı olarak distopik senaryolarda yer almaktadır. Bu çalışma, eleştirel bir bakış açısıyla, kavramın, toplumsal yaşamda yarattığı sorunlara odaklanmıştır. Makine yanlılığının büyük miktarlardaki verilerden, zamanla otomatik öğrenme sağlayan yapay zekâ olarak tanımlandığı süreçte, algoritmik ayrımcılığı ve bunun neticesinde yaşanan sınıflandırmayı örneklerle ortaya koymayı amaçlayan çalışmada, niteliksel betimsel analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Büyük Veri kaygıları başlığı altındaki yanlılıklardan yola çıkan çalışma, insanların kâr ve verimlilik arayışındaki programlama ile manipüle edilmesine dikkat çekmek istemiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda algoritmik ön yargıların, toplumsal sınıflandırmaya ve kaygılara sebep olduğu ve bunu anlayabilen bir toplumsal yapıya ihtiyaç duyulduğu, tartışma konusu olarak tespit edilmiştir. Büyük Veri kavramına ilişkin araştırmalarda bireye saygıyı ön plana alan çözüm süreçlerine gereksinim vardır. Böylece mantık güdümlü bir toplumsal görünümün ortaya çıkması önlenirken, kişi hak ve özgürlükleri, mahremiyeti dikkate alınabilecek, böylece etiketleme ve ötekileştirmeye yönelik çözümler üretilebilecektir.

Keywords

Büyük veri, Toplumsal sınıflandırma, teknolojik determinizm, eleştirel veri çalışmaları

Concerns on Social Sorting in Artificial Intelligence Applications of Big Data

Abstract

The effects of technological determinist approach are noteworthy in the studies carried out in the context of Big Data concept. The understanding that a technology-oriented approach will ignore social, cultural and ethical aspects is at the center of criticism towards these effects. In two-way discussions, the concept of Big Data is regarded as an important technological revolution on the one hand, and on the other, it takes place in dystopic scenarios as the source of social unrest. This study focuses on the problems created by the concept in social life from a critical point of view. The aim of this study is to explain the algorithmic discrimination and the resulting classification in the process where machine bias is defined as artificial intelligence that provides automatic learning over time from large amounts of data. The study starts with biases called Big Data concerns and under this heading the study wanted to draw attention to the manipulation of people by programming in search of profit and efficiency. As a result of the study, it was determined that algorithmic prejudices cause social classification and a social structure that can understand this is needed as the main subject of discussion. In researches on the concept of Big Data, there is a need f or solution processes that prioritize respect for the individual. Thus, the emergence of a logic-driven social appearance will be prevented, individual rights and freedoms, privacy can be taken into consideration, labeling and othering solutions will be produced.

Keywords

Big Data, Big Data Fears, Social Sorting, Technological Determinist Approach, Critical Data Studies

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