Sustainable Development And The Challenges Emerging with Digitalization

Year 2024, Volume: 15 Issue: 2, 138 - 173, 31.05.2024

Hilal Kuvvetli Yavaş

https://doi.org/10.5824/ajite.2024.02.002.x

Abstract

Humanity faces complex social, economic and environmental problems. Increasing search for solutions to existing problems in the 2010s led to the emergence of policy agendas targeting green and digital transformation. The United Nations introduced the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015 and created an internationally effective policy framework. Among the initiatives of different countries that put green and digital transformation at the center during the same period, perhaps the most prominent one was Industry 4.0 in Germany in 2011, with its approach that would fundamentally change the structure and global configuration of industrial production and employment with new disruptive digital technologies. In response to Industry 4.0, Japan introduced Society 5.0 in 2016. In 2021, the European Union has created a new agenda with the concept of Industry 5.0, which is compatible with the Society 5.0 discourse. In these approaches, digitalization and digital transformation are in a central position for solving current multifaceted economic and social problems. On the other hand, the current course of digitalization in the world also produces results opposite to those predicted by the mentioned initiatives. In order for digital transformation to be an effective tool for achieving sustainable development, it is necessary to understand the current problems arising from digitalization. In this study, the concepts of sustainable development, digitalization, digital transformation, Industry 4.0, Society 5.0 and Industry 5.0 were discussed and relevant documents were analyzed. Then, the social and environmental reflections of the current digitalization trend and the challenges it caused were evaluated.

Keywords

Sustainable development, digitalization, digital transformation, Industry 4.0, Society 5.0, Industry 5.0

Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma ve Dijitalleşmeyle Birlikte Ortaya Çıkan Meydan Okumalar

Abstract

İnsanlık karmaşık sosyal, ekonomik ve çevresel sorunlarla karşı karşıyadır. 2010’lu yıllarda mevcut sorunlara yönelik artan çözüm arayışları yeşil ve dijital dönüşümü hedefleyen politika gündemlerinin ortaya çıkmasını sağlamıştır. Birleşmiş Milletler 2015 yılında Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçlarını (SKA) ortaya koymuş ve uluslararası alanda etkili bir politika çerçevesi meydana getirmiştir. Aynı dönemde farklı ülkelerin yeşil ve dijital dönüşümü merkeze koyan açılımları arasında belki de en çok öne çıkanı, 2011 yılında Almanya’da, yeni yıkıcı dijital teknolojilerle endüstriyel üretimin, istihdamın yapısını ve küresel konfigürasyonunu önemli ölçüde değiştirebilecek yaklaşımıyla Endüstri 4.0 olmuştur. Endüstri 4.0’a karşılık 2016 yılında Japonya Toplum 5.0 açılımını ortaya koymuştur. 2021 yılında ise Avrupa Birliği, Toplum 5.0 söylemi ile uyumlu olan Endüstri 5.0 kavramı ile yeni bir gündem oluşturmuştur. Bu yaklaşımlarda dijitalleşme ve dijital dönüşüm mevcut çok yönlü ekonomik ve sosyal sorunların çözümüne yönelik olarak merkezi bir konumda yer almaktadır. Öte yandan, dünyada dijitalleşmenin mevcut seyri, bahsi geçen açılımların öngördüğünün aksi yönde sonuçlar da üretmektedir. Dijital dönüşümün sürdürülebilir kalkınmanın sağlanması etkili bir araç olabilmesi için dijitalleşmeden kaynaklanan mevcut sorunların anlaşılması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, sürdürülebilir kalkınma, dijitalleşme, dijital dönüşüm kavramları, Endüstri 4.0, Toplum 5.0 ve Endüstri 5.0 kavramları ele alınmış ve ilgili dokümanlar analiz edilmiştir. Ardından mevcut dijitalleşme trendinin sosyal ve çevresel yansımaları ve neden olduğu meydan okumalar değerlendirilmiştir.

Keywords

sürdürülebilir kalkınma, dijitalleşme, dijital dönüşüm, Endüstri 4.0, Toplum 5.0, Endüstri 5.0

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