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A Interaction Between Linguistics and Social Sciences: Michel Foucault’s Perspective

Year 2026, Issue: 3, 1 - 22

Abstract

This article examines the interaction between linguistics and social sciences from a sociological perspective, based on Michel Foucault’s intellectual framework. Drawing on Foucault’s 1968 lecture titled “Linguistics and Social Sciences,” the study argues that language is not merely a tool for communication but also a crucial element in the construction of power relations and social structures. The research explores how language shapes regimes of knowledge through discursive practices and how it can be integrated into social science analyses. The theoretical framework includes structuralism, poststructuralism, and historical epistemology, through which Foucault’s understanding of language is evaluated and compared with thinkers such as Bourdieu, Habermas, and Butler. The findings reveal that language functions both as a carrier and a transformer of power mechanisms. In this context, Foucault’s philosophy of language offers a critical alternative to traditional approaches in social sciences and provides a platform for interdisciplinary debate. The article investigates the role of language in knowledge production through Foucault’s discourse analysis and discusses epistemological transformations in the social sciences. The stylistic reading method reveals how language operates within historical contexts and intersects with power relations. In this regard, the article contributes both theoretically and methodologically to the integration of linguistic analysis into sociological research. The interaction between linguistics and social sciences demonstrates that language is not only a communicative tool but also a formative force in the construction of social structures, identities, and power relations. Language serves as an indispensable instrument in tracing cultural norms, ideological discourses, and mechanisms of power within social science analyses.

Project Number

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References

  • Angermuller, J. (2020). Poststructuralist discourse studies: From structure to practice. In J. Angermuller, D. Maingueneau, & R. Wodak (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of discourse studies (pp. 235–254). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108348195.012
  • Austin, J. L. (1962). How to do things with words. Harvard University Press.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1991). Language and symbolic power. Harvard University Press.
  • Butler, J. (1990). Gender trouble: Feminism and the subversion of identity. Routledge.
  • Chomsky, N. (1965). Aspects of the theory of syntax. MIT Press.
  • Discourse Analyzer. (2024). Emerging trends and theories in sociocultural discourse analysis. DiscourseAnalyzer.com. https://www.academia.edu/117150407/Emerging_Trends_and_Theories_in_Sociocultural_Discourse_Analysis
  • Durkheim, É. (1912). The elementary forms of religious life (K. E. Fields, Trans.). Free Press.
  • Fairclough, N. (2010). Critical discourse analysis: The critical study of language (2nd ed.). Routledge.
  • Foucault, M. (1972). The archaeology of knowledge (A. M. Sheridan Smith, Trans.). Pantheon Books.
  • Foucault, M. (2023). Linguistics and social sciences. Theory, Culture & Society, 40(1–2), 259–278. https://doi.org/10.1177/02632764221091549
  • Garfinkel, H. (1967). Studies in ethnomethodology. Prentice-Hall.
  • Goffman, E. (1974). Frame analysis: An essay on the organization of experience. Northeastern University Press.
  • Habermas, J. (1984). The theory of communicative action: Reason and the rationalization of society (T. McCarthy, Trans., Vol. 1). Beacon Press.
  • Humboldt, W. von. (1999). On language: The diversity of human language-structure and its influence on the mental development of mankind (M. P. Muller, Trans.). Cambridge University Press.
  • Kelly, M. G. E. (2020). Foucault and the politics of language today. Telos, 2020(191), 47–68. https://doi.org/10.3817/0620191047
  • Khan, S. A., & Sajid, M. A. (2024). Language as a tool of power: Examining the dynamics of linguistic hegemony and resistance. Dialogue Social Science Review, 2(4), 233–248. https://www.thedssr.com/index.php/2/article/view/63
  • Poorghorban, Y. (2023). On Michel Foucault: Power/knowledge, discourse, and subjectivity. OKARA: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra, 17(2), 318–328. https://doi.org/10.19105/ojbs.v17i2.9749
  • Saussure, F. de. (1959). Course in general linguistics (C. Bally & A. Sechehaye, Eds.; W. Baskin, Trans.). Philosophical Library Press.
  • Schmidgen, H., Dotzler, B., & Stein, B. (2023). From the archive to the computer: Michel Foucault and the digital humanities. Journal of Cultural Analytics, 7(4), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.22148/001c.55795
  • Van Dijk, T. A. (2008). Discourse and power. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Wittgenstein, L. (1953). Philosophical investigations (G. E. M. Anscombe, Trans.). Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Wodak, R., & Meyer, M. (2009). Methods of critical discourse analysis (2nd ed.). Sage Publications.
  • Zamora, D. (2020). Governing the soul, governing the text: Foucault, May 68, and the fall of the sovereign. The Tocqueville Review, 41(1), 141–159.
  • Zhiyi, Y. (2023). A longitudinal examination of Foucault’s theory of discourse. Eurasian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 9(1), 152–160. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2024-16880-009

Dilbilim ve Sosyal Bilimler Arasındaki Etkileşim: Michel Foucault’nun Bakış Açısı

Year 2026, Issue: 3, 1 - 22

Abstract

Bu makale, Michel Foucault’nun düşünsel çerçevesi doğrultusunda dilbilim ile sosyal bilimler arasındaki etkileşimi sosyolojik bir perspektiften ele almaktadır. Foucault’nun “Dilbilim ve Sosyal Bilimler” başlıklı 1968 tarihli konferansı temel alınarak, dilin yalnızca bir iletişim aracı değil, iktidar ilişkilerinin ve toplumsal yapıların inşasında etkin bir unsur olduğu savunulmaktadır. Çalışma, dilin söylemsel pratikler aracılığıyla bilgi rejimlerini nasıl şekillendirdiğini ve sosyal bilimlerdeki analizlere nasıl entegre edilebileceğini tartışmaktadır. Teorik çerçevede; yapısalcılık, postyapısalcılık, tarihsel epistemoloji gibi yaklaşımlar üzerinden Foucault’nun dil anlayışı değerlendirilmiş; Bourdieu, Habermas, Butler gibi düşünürlerle karşılaştırmalı çözümlemeler yapılmıştır. Bulgular, dilin iktidar mekanizmalarının hem taşıyıcısı hem de dönüştürücüsü olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu bağlamda, Foucault’nun dil felsefesi, sosyal bilimlerdeki geleneksel yaklaşımlara eleştirel bir alternatif sunmakta ve disiplinler arası bir tartışma zemini oluşturmaktadır. Makale, Foucault’nun söylem çözümlemeleri üzerinden dilin bilgi üretim süreçlerindeki rolünü incelemekte ve sosyal bilimlerdeki epistemolojik dönüşümleri tartışmaktadır. Stilistik okuma yöntemiyle yapılan analiz, dilin tarihsel bağlamda nasıl işlediğini ve iktidar ilişkileriyle nasıl iç içe geçtiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu yönüyle makale, dilbilimsel analizlerin sosyolojik araştırmalara entegrasyonu konusunda teorik ve metodolojik bir katkı sunmaktadır. Dilbilim ve sosyal bilimler arasındaki etkileşim, dilin bir iletişim yöntemi olmasından ziyade toplumsal yapıların, kimliklerin ve iktidar ilişkilerinin inşasında etkin bir unsur olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Dil, sosyal bilimlerdeki analizlerde kültürel normların, ideolojik söylemlerin ve güç mekanizmalarının izini sürmek için vazgeçilmez bir araçtır. Sosyal bilimler, dilin toplumsal bağlamda nasıl işlediğini anlamak için dilbilimsel yöntemlerden faydalanırken; dilbilim, sosyal bilimlerin sunduğu tarihsel ve kültürel perspektiflerle zenginleşmektedir. Foucault’nun belirtmiş olduğu etkileşim, dilin hem bireysel hem de kolektif düzeydeki anlam üretim süreçlerini daha kapsamlı biçimde analiz etmeyi mümkün hale getirmektedir.

Ethical Statement

Tüm etik kurallara uyulmuştur.

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Thanks

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References

  • Angermuller, J. (2020). Poststructuralist discourse studies: From structure to practice. In J. Angermuller, D. Maingueneau, & R. Wodak (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of discourse studies (pp. 235–254). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108348195.012
  • Austin, J. L. (1962). How to do things with words. Harvard University Press.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1991). Language and symbolic power. Harvard University Press.
  • Butler, J. (1990). Gender trouble: Feminism and the subversion of identity. Routledge.
  • Chomsky, N. (1965). Aspects of the theory of syntax. MIT Press.
  • Discourse Analyzer. (2024). Emerging trends and theories in sociocultural discourse analysis. DiscourseAnalyzer.com. https://www.academia.edu/117150407/Emerging_Trends_and_Theories_in_Sociocultural_Discourse_Analysis
  • Durkheim, É. (1912). The elementary forms of religious life (K. E. Fields, Trans.). Free Press.
  • Fairclough, N. (2010). Critical discourse analysis: The critical study of language (2nd ed.). Routledge.
  • Foucault, M. (1972). The archaeology of knowledge (A. M. Sheridan Smith, Trans.). Pantheon Books.
  • Foucault, M. (2023). Linguistics and social sciences. Theory, Culture & Society, 40(1–2), 259–278. https://doi.org/10.1177/02632764221091549
  • Garfinkel, H. (1967). Studies in ethnomethodology. Prentice-Hall.
  • Goffman, E. (1974). Frame analysis: An essay on the organization of experience. Northeastern University Press.
  • Habermas, J. (1984). The theory of communicative action: Reason and the rationalization of society (T. McCarthy, Trans., Vol. 1). Beacon Press.
  • Humboldt, W. von. (1999). On language: The diversity of human language-structure and its influence on the mental development of mankind (M. P. Muller, Trans.). Cambridge University Press.
  • Kelly, M. G. E. (2020). Foucault and the politics of language today. Telos, 2020(191), 47–68. https://doi.org/10.3817/0620191047
  • Khan, S. A., & Sajid, M. A. (2024). Language as a tool of power: Examining the dynamics of linguistic hegemony and resistance. Dialogue Social Science Review, 2(4), 233–248. https://www.thedssr.com/index.php/2/article/view/63
  • Poorghorban, Y. (2023). On Michel Foucault: Power/knowledge, discourse, and subjectivity. OKARA: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra, 17(2), 318–328. https://doi.org/10.19105/ojbs.v17i2.9749
  • Saussure, F. de. (1959). Course in general linguistics (C. Bally & A. Sechehaye, Eds.; W. Baskin, Trans.). Philosophical Library Press.
  • Schmidgen, H., Dotzler, B., & Stein, B. (2023). From the archive to the computer: Michel Foucault and the digital humanities. Journal of Cultural Analytics, 7(4), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.22148/001c.55795
  • Van Dijk, T. A. (2008). Discourse and power. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Wittgenstein, L. (1953). Philosophical investigations (G. E. M. Anscombe, Trans.). Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Wodak, R., & Meyer, M. (2009). Methods of critical discourse analysis (2nd ed.). Sage Publications.
  • Zamora, D. (2020). Governing the soul, governing the text: Foucault, May 68, and the fall of the sovereign. The Tocqueville Review, 41(1), 141–159.
  • Zhiyi, Y. (2023). A longitudinal examination of Foucault’s theory of discourse. Eurasian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 9(1), 152–160. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2024-16880-009
There are 24 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Philosophy of Language, Philosophy of Society, History of Ideas
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Arif Akbaş 0000-0002-8480-4350

Project Number -
Early Pub Date November 3, 2025
Publication Date November 8, 2025
Submission Date August 25, 2025
Acceptance Date October 12, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2026 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Akbaş, A. (2025). Dilbilim ve Sosyal Bilimler Arasındaki Etkileşim: Michel Foucault’nun Bakış Açısı. Anadolu Felsefe Dergisi(3), 1-22.