Effect of Collection Period and Irrigation Process on Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Compounds of Olive Leaves

Year 2022, Volume: 20 Issue: 2, 122 - 131, 27.07.2022

Nurhan Uslu Mehmet Musa Özcan

https://doi.org/10.24323/akademik-gida.1149746

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Olive leaves have drawn attention because of their contents of bioactive compounds that exhibit antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of irrigation on the phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of olive leaves belonged to different varieties collected between September and December in irrigated and rainfed orchards. Principal components analysis (PCA) was used to explain the effect of variables. The highest total phenolic content was determined in irrigated Ayvalık leaves (1945 mg/100g). Results showed that olive leaves contained significant amounts of flavonoids, ranging from 6379 to 159046 mg/100g. However, differences in antioxidant activity were generally between 1 and 2% regarding irrigation, collection time, and variety. Luteolin-7-glucoside (273-1461 mg/100g) was the main phenolic compound of olive leaves, followed by verbascoside (399-1002 mg/100g). The influence of irrigation showed differences in the amounts of phenolic compounds among the cultivars.

Keywords

Irrigation, Collection time, Olive leaf, Variety, Phenolic compounds

Thanks

We are grateful to TÜBİTAK 2237-A Scientific Education Activities for statistic training.

Zeytin Yapraklarının Antioksidan Aktivite ve Fenolik Bileşenleri Üzerine Sulama İşleminin ve Toplama Periyodunun Etkisi

Abstract

Zeytin yaprakları, antioksidan aktiviteye sahip biyoaktif bileşenleri içermesinden dolayı dikkat çekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, sulanan ve sulanmayan bahçelerden Eylül-Aralık ayları arası toplanan farklı çeşitlere ait zeytin yapraklarının antioksidan aktiviteleri ve fenolik bileşenleri üzerine sulama işleminin etkisi araştırılmıştır. Değişkenlerin etkisini açıklamak için temel bileşenler analizi (PCA) kullanılmıştır. En yüksek toplam fenolik madde içeriği sulanan Ayvalık yapraklarında (1945 mg/100g) belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar, zeytin yapraklarının 6379-159046 mg/100g arasında önemli miktarda flavonoid içerdiğini göstermiştir. Ancak çeşit, toplama zamanı ve sulama gibi faktörlere göre örneklerin antioksidan aktivitelerindeki farklılık genellikle %1-2 arasında bulunmuştur. Zeytin yapraklarının major fenolik bileşeni luteolin-7-glukozid (273-1461 mg/100g) bulunmuş ve bunu verbaskozid (399-1002 mg/100g) izlemiştir. Sulama işleminin fenolik bileşenlerin miktarı üzerine etkisi çeşitler arasında farklılık göstermiştir.

Keywords

Sulama, Toplama zamanı, Zeytin yaprağı, Çeşit, Fenolik bileşikler

References

• [1] Tubeileh, A., Bruggeman, A., Turkelboom, F. (2009). Effect of water harvesting on growth of young olive trees in degraded Syrian dryland. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 11(5), 1073-1090.
• [2] Talhaoui, N., Taamalli, A., Gómez-Caravaca, A.M., Fernández-Gutiérrez, A., Segura-Carretero, A. (2015). Phenolic compounds in olive leaves: Analytical determination, biotic and abiotic influence, and health benefits. Food Research International, 77, 92-108.
• [3] Abaza, L., Taamalli, A., Nsir, H., Zarrouk, M. (2015) Olive tree (Olea europeae L.) leaves: Importance and advances in the analysis of phenolic compounds. Antioxidants, 4(4), 682-698.
• [4] Bouaziz, M., Fki, I., Jemai, H., Ayadi, M., Sayadi, S. (2008). Effect of storage on refined and husk olive oils composition: Stabilization by addition of natural antioxidants from Chemlali olive leaves. Food Chemistry, 108(1), 253-262.
• [5] Benavente-Garcıa, O., Castillo, J., Lorente, J., Ortuño, A., Del Rio, J. (2000). Antioxidant activity of phenolics extracted from Olea europaea L. leaves. Food Chemistry, 68(4), 457-462.
• [6] Tsimidou, M.Z., Papoti, V.T. (2010). Bioactive ingredients in olive leaves. In Olives and olive oil in health and disease prevention, Elsevier, 349-356 p.
• [7] Visioli, F., Poli, A., Gall, C. (2002). Antioxidant and other biological activities of phenols from olives and olive oil. Medicinal Research Reviews, 22(1), 65-75.
• [8] Brahmi, F., Mechri, B., Dabbou, S., Dhibi, M., Hammami, M. (2012). The efficacy of phenolics compounds with different polarities as antioxidants from olive leaves depending on seasonal variations. Industrial Crops and Products, 38, 146-152.
• [9] Campeol, E., Flamini, G., Cioni, P.L., Morelli, I., Cremonini, R., Ceccarini, L. (2003). Volatile fractions from three cultivars of Olea europaea L. collected in two different seasons. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51(7), 1994-1999.
• [10] Anjum, S., Saleem, M., Cheema, M., Bilal, M., Khaliq, T. (2012). An assessment to vulnerability, extent, characteristics and severity of drought hazard in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Science, 64(2), 138-143.
• [11] Lefèvre, I., Ziebel, J., Guignard, C., Hausman, J.F., Gutiérrez Rosales, R.O., Bonierbale, M., Hoffmann, L., Schafleitner, R., Evers, D. (2012). Drought impacts mineral contents in Andean potato cultivars. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 198(3), 196-206.
• [12] Bacelar, E.A., Santos, D.L., Moutinho-Pereira, J.M., Gonçalves, B.C., Ferreira, H.F., Correia, C.M. (2006). Immediate responses and adaptative strategies of three olive cultivars under contrasting water availability regimes: changes on structure and chemical composition of foliage and oxidative damage. Plant Science, 170(3), 596-605.
• [13] Ennajeh, M., Vadel, A.M., Khemira, H. (2009). Osmoregulation and osmoprotection in the leaf cells of two olive cultivars subjected to severe water deficit. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 31(4), 711-721.
• [14] Tognetti, R., d’Andria, R., Morelli, G., Alvino, A. (2005). The effect of deficit irrigation on seasonal variations of plant water use in Olea europaea L. Plant and Soil, 273(1-2), 139-155.
• [15] Caruso, G., Gucci, R., Sifola, M.I., Selvaggini, R., Urbani, S., Esposto, S., Taticchi, A., Servili, M. (2017). Irrigation and fruit canopy position modify oil quality of olive trees (cv. Frantoio). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 97(11), 3530-3539.
• [16] Morales-Sillero, A., García, J., Torres-Ruiz, J.M., Montero, A., Sánchez-Ortiz, A., Fernández, J. (2013). Is the productive performance of olive trees under localized irrigation affected by leaving some roots in drying soil? Agricultural Water Management, 123, 79-92.
• [17] Talhaoui, N., Gómez-Caravaca, A.M., Leon, L., De la Rosa, R., Segura-Carretero, A., Fernández-Gutiérrez, A. (2014). Determination of phenolic compounds of ‘Sikitita’olive leaves by HPLC-DAD-TOF-MS. Comparison with its parents ‘Arbequina’and ‘Picual’olive leaves. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 58(1), 28-34.
• [18] Yoo, K.M., Lee, K.W., Park, J.B., Lee, H.J., Hwang, I.K. (2004). Variation in major antioxidants and total antioxidant activity of Yuzu (Citrus junos Sieb ex Tanaka) during maturation and between cultivars. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 52(19), 5907-5913.
• [19] Hogan, S., Zhang, L., Li, J., Zoecklein, B., Zhou, K. (2009). Antioxidant properties and bioactive components of Norton (Vitis aestivalis) and Cabernet Franc (Vitis vinifera) wine grapes. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 42(7), 1269-1274.
• [20] Lee, S.K., Mbwambo, Z., Chung, H., Luyengi, L., Gamez, E., Mehta, R., Kinghorn, A., Pezzuto, J. (1998). Evaluation of the antioxidant potential of natural products. Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening, 1(1), 35-46.
• [21] Ortega-García, F., Blanco, S., Peinado, M.Á., Peragón, J. (2008). Polyphenol oxidase and its relationship with oleuropein concentration in fruits and leaves of olive (Olea europaea) cv.‘Picual’trees during fruit ripening. Tree Physiology, 28(1), 45-54.
• [22] Salah, M.B., Abdelmelek, H., Abderraba, M. (2012). Study of phenolic composition and biological activities assessment of olive leaves from different varieties grown in Tunisia. Medicinal Chemistry, 2(5), 107-111.
• [23] Abaza, L., Talorete, T.P., Yamada, P., Kurita, Y., Zarrouk, M., Isoda, H. (2007). Induction of Growth Inhibition and Differentiation of Human Leukemia HL-60 Cells by a Tunisian Gerboui Olive Leaf Extract. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 71, 1306-1312.
• [24] Brahmi, F., Mechri, B., Dhibi, M., Hammami, M. (2013). Variations in phenolic compounds and antiradical scavenging activity of Olea europaea leaves and fruits extracts collected in two different seasons. Industrial Crops and Products, 49, 256-264.
• [25] Cetinkaya, H., Koc, M., Kulak, M. (2016). Monitoring of mineral and polyphenol content in olive leaves under drought conditions: Application chemometric techniques Industrial Crops and Products, 88, 78-84.
• [26] Hura, K., Rapacz, M., Hura, T., Żur, I., Filek, M. (2015). The effect of cold on the response of Brassica napus callus tissue to the secondary metabolites of Leptosphaeria maculans. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 37(2), 13.
• [27] Lama-Muñoz, A., del Mar Contreras, M., Espínola, F., Moya, M., Romero, I., Castro, E. (2020). Content of phenolic compounds and mannitol in olive leaves extracts from six Spanish cultivars: Extraction with the Soxhlet method and pressurized liquids. Food Chemistry, 320, 126626.
• [28] Praptiwi, Sulistiarini, D., Qodrie, E.N.P., Sahroni, D. (2021). Antibacterial activity, antioxidant potential, total phenolic and flavonoids of three plant species of Rubiaceae from Banggai Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 22 (5), 2773-2778.
• [29] Ghomari, O., Sounni, F., Massaoudi, Y., Ghanam, J., Kaitouni, L.B.D., Merzouki, M., Benlemlih, M. (2019). Phenolic profile (HPLC-UV) of olive leaves according to extraction procedure and assessment of antibacterial activity. Biotechnology Reports, 23, e00347.
• [30] Lorini, A., Aranha, B.C., Antunes, B.F., Otero, D.M., Jacques, A.C., Zambiazi, R.C. (2021). Metabolic profile of olive leaves of different cultivars and collection times. Food Chemistry, 345, 128758.
• [31] Pereira, A.P., Ferreira, I.C., Marcelino, F., Valentão, P., Andrade, P.B., Seabra, R., Estevinho, L., Bento, A., Pereira, J.A. (2007). Phenolic compounds and antimicrobial activity of olive (Olea europaea L. Cv. Cobrançosa) leaves. Molecules, 12(5), 1153-1162.
• [32] Medina, E., Romero, C., Garcia, P., Brenes, M. (2019). Characterization of bioactive compounds in commercial olive leaf extracts, and olive leaves and their infusions. Food & Function, 10, 4716-4724.
• [33] Ben Mohamed, M., Guasmi, F., Ben Ali, S., Radhouani, F., Faghim, J., Triki, T., Kammoun, N.G., Baffi, C., Lucini, L., Benincasa, C. (2018). The LC-MS/MS characterization of phenolic compounds in leaves allows classifying olive cultivars grown in South Tunisia. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 78, 84-90.