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Water Reuse via Membrane Technology: A Case Study for Producing Cooling Water from Soft Drink Wastewater

Year 2024, Issue: Yeşil Dönüşüm Özel Sayısı, 1 - 6, 23.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.24323/akademik-gida.1554247

Abstract

High volumes of water are used in the soft drink industry, where purification can be achieved via membrane technology, allowing it to be reused in operating cooling towers, steam boilers, and closed-loop systems. In this study, ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF) were applied to produce reclaimed water for cooling towers. In experimental studies conducted under a total recycle mode of operation, two UF membranes with molecular weight cut-offs (MWCO) of 10 kDa and 5 kDa, and one NF membrane were tested. The transmembrane pressure was set to 2 bars for UF and 4 bars for NF. Considering the water quality criteria for cooling towers, removal efficiencies were calculated for total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity, and chemical oxygen demand (COD). TSS and turbidity removal rates were 100% for both UF and NF; however, COD removal rates varied. In UF, feed and permeate COD concentrations were 718 - 796 mg/L and 255 - 286 mg/L, corresponding to a removal efficiency of 64-65%. On the other hand, in NF, the feed and permeate COD concentrations were 207 mg/L and 147 mg/L, indicating a 29% removal. Flux decline was not severe; it ranged from 10% to 20%. It was revealed that further treatment is required to meet the COD criteria of 75 mg/L for cooling towers.

Thanks

Coca Cola Company (Elazig Plant) is acknowledged for providing the wastewater, and Diversey Company for providing the chemicals for analysis of samples.

References

  • [1] DSI, 2023. General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works (Türkiye), 2023 Performance Program Report. https://cdniys.tarimorman.gov.tr/api/File/GetFile/425/Sayfa/760/1108/DosyaGaleri/dsi_2023_performans_programi.pdf (Access date: 28.08.2024).
  • [2] Turkish Statistical Institute (Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu). (2022). Su ve atıksu istatistikleri. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Su-ve-Atiksu-Istatistikleri-2022-49607 (Access date: 25.08.2024), Ankara.
  • [3] AquaTech. (2024). https://www.aquatechtrade.com/news/industrial-water/water-technology-innovations-in-food-and-beverage#:~:text=According%20to%20the%20World%20Wildlife,water%20usage%20at%20every%20stage (Accessed date: 27.08.2024).
  • [4] Ercin, E.A., Aldaya M.M., Hoekstra, A.Y. (2011). Corporate water footprint accounting and impact assessment: The case of the water footprint of a sugar-containing carbonated beverage. Water Resour Manage, 25, 721–741.
  • [5] Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (2024). https://www.standardmethods.org/ (Access date: 28.08.2024).
  • [6] Krawczyk, D., Gonglewski, N., (1959). Determining suspended solids using a spectrophotometer. Sewage and Industrial Wastes, 31, 1159-1164.
  • [7] Anonymous. (2022). Amended Technical Procedures Communique of National Regulation for Wastewater Treatment Plants (Atıksu Arıtma Tesisleri Teknik Usuller Tebliğinde Değişiklik Yapılmasına Dair Tebliğ), 25 October 2022 Official Gazette No. 31994, Ankara.
  • [8] Baltimore Air Coil Company, Series 3000 Cooling Tower Operation and Maintenance Manual, http:www.scribd.com/document/759456621/RGOM300E01-R3-0-0
  • [9] Puckorius, P.R., Brooke, J.M., (1991). A new practical index for calcium carbonate scale prediction in cooling tower systems. Corrosion, 47(4), 280-284.
  • [10] ANL (2024). Argon National Laboratory. https://www.anl.gov/ (Access date: 25.08.2024).
  • [11] Badruzzaman, M., Anazi, J.R., Al-Wahaib, F.A., Al-Malki, A.A. (2022). Municipal reclaimed water as makeup water for cooling systems: Water efficiency, biohazards, and reliability. Water Resources and Industry, 28, 100188.
  • [12] GE Water (2017). Using reclaimed water in power plant cooling applications, http:www.powermag.com/usingreclaimed-water-power-plant-cooling-applications (Access date: 28.08.2024).
  • [13] Sever, E. (2021). Meşrubat Sanayi Atıksularının Arıtımında Elektrokoagülasyon ve Kimyasal Koagülasyon Yöntemlerinin Değerlendirilmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Üniversitesi, Tekirdağ.
  • [14] Alkaya, E., Demirer, G.N., (2015). Water recycling and reuse in soft drink/beverage industry: A case study for sustainable industrial water management in Turkey, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 104, Part A, 172-180.

Membran Teknolojisi ile Su Geri Kazanımı: İçecek Atıksuyundan Soğutma Suyu Üretimi Üzerine Örnek Bir Çalışma

Year 2024, Issue: Yeşil Dönüşüm Özel Sayısı, 1 - 6, 23.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.24323/akademik-gida.1554247

Abstract

Yüksek miktarda su kullanılan içecek sektörü atık suları membran teknolojisi ile arıtılarak soğutma kuleleri, buhar kazanları ve kapalı devre sistemlerin işletilmesinde tekrar kullanılabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada içecek üretimi atıksuyundan soğutma kuleleri için su elde etmek amacıyla ultrafiltrasyon (UF) ve nanofiltrasyon (NF) uygulanmıştır. Toplam geri çevrim modunda yürütülen deneysel çalışmalarda, moleküler ağırlık ayırma sınırı (MWCO) 10 kDa ve 5 kDa olan iki UF membranı ve ayrıca bir NF membranı test edilmiştir. Trans membran basıncı UF için 2 bar, NF için 4 bar olarak ayarlanmıştır. Soğutma kuleleri için su kalitesi kriterleri dikkate alınarak toplam askıda katı madde (AKM), bulanıklık ve kimyasal oksijen ihtiyacı (KOİ) için giderim verimleri hesaplanmıştır. UF ve NF için AKM ve bulanıklık giderimleri %100 olmuştur, ancak KOİ giderimleri değişkenlik göstermiştir. UF için besleme ve süzüntü suyunda KOİ konsantrasyonu sırasıyla 718-796 mg/L ve 255-286 mg/L olmuş; %64-65 giderim verimi elde edilmiştir. Öte yandan, NF besleme ve süzüntü suyunda ise KOİ konsantrasyonu sırasıyla 207 mg/L ve 147 mg/L olarak ölçülmüş, %29 giderim verimi elde edilebilmiştir. Akı azalması çok yüksek olmamış; %10 ile %20 arasında kalmıştır. Soğutma kuleleri için KOİ sınır değeri 75 mg/L olması nedeniyle, ilave arıtma işlemine ihtiyaç olduğu ortaya konmuştur.

References

  • [1] DSI, 2023. General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works (Türkiye), 2023 Performance Program Report. https://cdniys.tarimorman.gov.tr/api/File/GetFile/425/Sayfa/760/1108/DosyaGaleri/dsi_2023_performans_programi.pdf (Access date: 28.08.2024).
  • [2] Turkish Statistical Institute (Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu). (2022). Su ve atıksu istatistikleri. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Su-ve-Atiksu-Istatistikleri-2022-49607 (Access date: 25.08.2024), Ankara.
  • [3] AquaTech. (2024). https://www.aquatechtrade.com/news/industrial-water/water-technology-innovations-in-food-and-beverage#:~:text=According%20to%20the%20World%20Wildlife,water%20usage%20at%20every%20stage (Accessed date: 27.08.2024).
  • [4] Ercin, E.A., Aldaya M.M., Hoekstra, A.Y. (2011). Corporate water footprint accounting and impact assessment: The case of the water footprint of a sugar-containing carbonated beverage. Water Resour Manage, 25, 721–741.
  • [5] Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (2024). https://www.standardmethods.org/ (Access date: 28.08.2024).
  • [6] Krawczyk, D., Gonglewski, N., (1959). Determining suspended solids using a spectrophotometer. Sewage and Industrial Wastes, 31, 1159-1164.
  • [7] Anonymous. (2022). Amended Technical Procedures Communique of National Regulation for Wastewater Treatment Plants (Atıksu Arıtma Tesisleri Teknik Usuller Tebliğinde Değişiklik Yapılmasına Dair Tebliğ), 25 October 2022 Official Gazette No. 31994, Ankara.
  • [8] Baltimore Air Coil Company, Series 3000 Cooling Tower Operation and Maintenance Manual, http:www.scribd.com/document/759456621/RGOM300E01-R3-0-0
  • [9] Puckorius, P.R., Brooke, J.M., (1991). A new practical index for calcium carbonate scale prediction in cooling tower systems. Corrosion, 47(4), 280-284.
  • [10] ANL (2024). Argon National Laboratory. https://www.anl.gov/ (Access date: 25.08.2024).
  • [11] Badruzzaman, M., Anazi, J.R., Al-Wahaib, F.A., Al-Malki, A.A. (2022). Municipal reclaimed water as makeup water for cooling systems: Water efficiency, biohazards, and reliability. Water Resources and Industry, 28, 100188.
  • [12] GE Water (2017). Using reclaimed water in power plant cooling applications, http:www.powermag.com/usingreclaimed-water-power-plant-cooling-applications (Access date: 28.08.2024).
  • [13] Sever, E. (2021). Meşrubat Sanayi Atıksularının Arıtımında Elektrokoagülasyon ve Kimyasal Koagülasyon Yöntemlerinin Değerlendirilmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Üniversitesi, Tekirdağ.
  • [14] Alkaya, E., Demirer, G.N., (2015). Water recycling and reuse in soft drink/beverage industry: A case study for sustainable industrial water management in Turkey, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 104, Part A, 172-180.
There are 14 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Food Engineering
Journal Section Research Papers
Authors

Mustafa Çağlar Gürbüz This is me 0009-0003-2297-8333

Gökşen Çapar 0000-0002-4636-9343

Publication Date September 23, 2024
Submission Date April 30, 2024
Acceptance Date August 28, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Issue: Yeşil Dönüşüm Özel Sayısı

Cite

APA Gürbüz, M. Ç., & Çapar, G. (2024). Water Reuse via Membrane Technology: A Case Study for Producing Cooling Water from Soft Drink Wastewater. Akademik Gıda(Yeşil Dönüşüm Özel Sayısı), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.24323/akademik-gida.1554247
AMA Gürbüz MÇ, Çapar G. Water Reuse via Membrane Technology: A Case Study for Producing Cooling Water from Soft Drink Wastewater. Akademik Gıda. September 2024;(Yeşil Dönüşüm Özel Sayısı):1-6. doi:10.24323/akademik-gida.1554247
Chicago Gürbüz, Mustafa Çağlar, and Gökşen Çapar. “Water Reuse via Membrane Technology: A Case Study for Producing Cooling Water from Soft Drink Wastewater”. Akademik Gıda, no. Yeşil Dönüşüm Özel Sayısı (September 2024): 1-6. https://doi.org/10.24323/akademik-gida.1554247.
EndNote Gürbüz MÇ, Çapar G (September 1, 2024) Water Reuse via Membrane Technology: A Case Study for Producing Cooling Water from Soft Drink Wastewater. Akademik Gıda Yeşil Dönüşüm Özel Sayısı 1–6.
IEEE M. Ç. Gürbüz and G. Çapar, “Water Reuse via Membrane Technology: A Case Study for Producing Cooling Water from Soft Drink Wastewater”, Akademik Gıda, no. Yeşil Dönüşüm Özel Sayısı, pp. 1–6, September 2024, doi: 10.24323/akademik-gida.1554247.
ISNAD Gürbüz, Mustafa Çağlar - Çapar, Gökşen. “Water Reuse via Membrane Technology: A Case Study for Producing Cooling Water from Soft Drink Wastewater”. Akademik Gıda Yeşil Dönüşüm Özel Sayısı (September 2024), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.24323/akademik-gida.1554247.
JAMA Gürbüz MÇ, Çapar G. Water Reuse via Membrane Technology: A Case Study for Producing Cooling Water from Soft Drink Wastewater. Akademik Gıda. 2024;:1–6.
MLA Gürbüz, Mustafa Çağlar and Gökşen Çapar. “Water Reuse via Membrane Technology: A Case Study for Producing Cooling Water from Soft Drink Wastewater”. Akademik Gıda, no. Yeşil Dönüşüm Özel Sayısı, 2024, pp. 1-6, doi:10.24323/akademik-gida.1554247.
Vancouver Gürbüz MÇ, Çapar G. Water Reuse via Membrane Technology: A Case Study for Producing Cooling Water from Soft Drink Wastewater. Akademik Gıda. 2024(Yeşil Dönüşüm Özel Sayısı):1-6.

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