Advanced Statistical Optimization for Enhanced Medium-Chain Fatty Acid Production

Year 2024, Issue: Yeşil Dönüşüm Özel Sayısı, 16 - 25, 23.09.2024

Enes İçer Ezgi Sürgevil Gozde Duman Tac , Mine Güngörmüşler , Tuğba Keskin

https://doi.org/10.24323/akademik-gida.1554412

Abstract

In recent years, the development of feed ingredients with natural additives has gained significant importance in increasing the health and quality of animal products, as well as in promoting weight gain in animals. Since Salmonella infection is a significant disease that transmits from animals to humans, the inhibition of Salmonella species can be achieved particularly through the improvement of gastrointestinal metabolism in chickens. At this point, the effectiveness of using MCFA (Medium Chain Fatty Acids) as a feed additive has been proven. MCFA are composed of a mixture of various fatty acids, including acetic acid, butyric acid, hexanoic acid, etc. Highest portion of MCFA are hexanoic acid. Besides feed additives hexanoic acid play a crucial role as primary resources in various industries, including the chemical, food, agricultural, and biofuel sectors. It is typically obtained from petrochemical-based solutions but there has been a growing focus on biotechnological production and natural sources in recent years. One of the mostly known bioprocess to produce MCFA is chain elongation (conversion of acetate and ethanol into MCFA by β oxidation reaction) by Clostridium kluyveri. However, as in most biotechnological processes, there are low yields and high costs in these reactions as well. In this study, Box-Behnken Design, a statistical experimental design method, was used to optimize the concentrations of acetate, ethanol (the two primary components of chain elongation reactions) and pH for MCFA production via chain elongation reactions with Clostridium kluyveri. Batch experiments were performed at 30°C and 37°C to also see the effect of temperature. Higher values of hexanoic acid and bacterial growth were observed at 37°C. From an economic perspective, a 14% reduction in costs has been observed with optimized components.

Keywords

Hexanoic acid, Clostridium kluyveri, acetate, ethanol, chain elongation reactions, Box-Behnken Design of Experiments

Supporting Institution

The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TÜBİTAK)

Project Number

1919B012222503

Thanks

This project was funded from The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TÜBİTAK) under the Project No: 1919B012222503. The authors also wish to thank TÜBİTAK TEYDEB with project number 2211068.

Orta Zincirli Yağ Asidi Üretiminin Artırılması İçin İleri İstatistiksel Optimizasyon

Abstract

Son yıllarda, doğal katkı maddeleri içeren yem bileşenlerinin geliştirilmesi, hayvan ürünlerinin sağlığını ve kalitesini artırmanın yanı sıra hayvanlarda kilo alımını teşvik etmede önemli bir rol oynamıştır. Salmonella enfeksiyonları, hayvanlardan insanlara bulaşan önemli bir hastalık olduğundan, Salmonella türlerinin inhibe edilmesi özellikle tavukların gastrointestinal metabolizmasının iyileştirilmesiyle sağlanabilir. Bu noktada, orta zincirli yağ asitleri (MCFA) kullanımının bir yem katkı maddesi olarak etkinliği kanıtlanmıştır. MCFA, asetik asit, bütirik asit, hekzanoik asit vb. dahil olmak üzere çeşitli yağ asitlerinin karışımından oluşur. MCFA karışımının en büyük kısmını hekzanoik asit oluşturmaktadır. Yem katkı maddesi olarak kullanımının yanısıra hekzanoik asit, kimya, gıda, tarım ve biyoyakıt sektörleri de dahil olmak üzere çeşitli endüstrilerde birincil kaynak olarak önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Son yıllarda biyoteknolojik üretim ve doğal kaynaklara giderek daha fazla odaklanılmasına rağmen, tipik olarak petrokimya bazlı çözümlerden elde edilmektedir. Ancak, çoğu biyoteknolojik süreçte olduğu gibi, bu reaksiyonlarda da düşük verim ve yüksek maliyetler söz konusudur. Bu çalışmada, Clostridium kluyveri ile asetat, etanol (zincir uzama reaksiyonlarının iki ana bileşeni) ve pH konsantrasyonlarını optimize etmek için istatistiksel bir deneysel tasarım yöntemi olan Box-Behnken Tasarımı kullanılmıştır. Sıcaklığın etkisini de görmek için 30°C ve 37°C'de toplu deneyler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Daha yüksek hekzanoik asit değerleri ve bakteri büyümesi 37°C'de gözlenmiştir. Ekonomik açıdan ise ortam bileşenlerinin optimizasyonu proses maliyetlerinde %14'lük bir düşüş sağlamıştır.

Keywords

Hekzanoik asit, Clostridium kluyveri, Asetat, Etanol, Zincir uzama reaksiyonları, Box-Behnken Dizaynı

Project Number

1919B012222503

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