TERÖRİZM VE SÖYLEM: İTALYAN KIZIL TUGAYLAR’IN PROPAGANDA METİNLERİNİN İÇERİK VE SÖYLEM ÇÖZÜMLEMESİ

Year 2024, Volume: 11 Issue: 25, 294 - 330, 24.08.2024

Alp Cenk Arslan

https://doi.org/10.58884/akademik-hassasiyetler.1407731

Abstract

Bu araştırma Schmid ve De Graaf’ın “İletişim Olarak Şiddet: İsyancı Terörizm ve Batı Medyası” isimli 1982 tarihli çalışmada ilk olarak ifade ettikleri, daha sonra Schmid’in 2011 tarihinde bir kez daha vurguladığı “terörizmin bir iletişim biçimi olduğu” tanımından yola çıkarak Kızıl Tugaylar terör örgütünün hedef kitlelere verdiği mesajları incelemektedir. Terör örgütleri planladıkları ve uygulamaya koydukları eylemlerle hedef kitlelerini sindirme, ikna etme ve zorlama amacı gütmektedir. Bir terör eyleminin birincil kurbanı veya kurbanları yalnızca araçsal nitelikteyken, esas amaç bu kurbanların yaşadıklarının geniş kitleler tarafından öğrenilerek genel bir korku yaratılmasıdır. Bu araştırmada Kızıl Tugaylar’ın 1978’de İtalya eski başbakanı Aldo Moro’yu kaçırıp alıkoyma eylemi sürecinde kamuoyuna yönelik yayımladıkları dokuz propaganda bildirisinin içerik analizi ve söylem çözümlemesi orijinal İtalyanca metinleri üzerinden gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma MaxQda programı aracılığıyla içerik analizi ve söylem çözümlemesi yöntemlerine dayanarak yürütülmüştür. Bulgulara göre örgüt, oldukça sert ve müzakereden uzak tonda bir söylem kurgulamış, ideolojik yanı ağır basan söylemle düşmanlaştırdığı aktörleri kötüleyip eylemi meşrulaştırmaya gayret göstermiştir. Örgüt, bahsi geçen propaganda bildirilerinde Aldo Moro’yu şahsının ötesinde bir sembol haline getirerek düşmanlaştırmıştı. Böylelikle Moro, İtalya’da örgütün karşı çıktığı birçok kavramın temsilcisi haline getirilmiştir.

Keywords

güvenlik çalışmaları, terörizm, kızıl tugaylar, söylem analizi, içerik analizi

TERRORISM AND DISCOURSE: CONTENT AND DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF THE ITALIAN RED BRIGADES’ PROPAGANDA TEXTS

Abstract

Based on Schmid and De Graaf's definition of terrorism as a form of communication, first expressed in their 1982 study "Violence as Communication: Insurgent Terrorism and the Western Media" and later reemphasized by Schmid in 2011, this research examines the messages that the Red Brigades terrorist organization sends to target audiences. Terrorist organizations aim to intimidate, persuade and coerce their target audiences through the actions they plan and put into practice. While the primary victim or victims of a terrorist act are only instrumental, the main purpose is to create a general fear by making their experiences known to the masses. In this study, the content analysis and discourse analysis of nine propaganda statements in Italian language issued by the Red Brigades to the public during the kidnapping and detention of former Italian Prime Minister Aldo Moro in 1978 were analyzed. The study was conducted through the MaxQda program, based on content analysis and discourse analysis methods. According to the findings, the organization has constructed a very harsh and non-negotiable discourse, and has tried to legitimize the action by vilifying the actors it has antagonized with its ideologically dominant discourse. In the aforementioned propaganda texts, the organization antagonized Aldo Moro by turning him into a symbol beyond his person. In this way, Moro became the representative of many concepts that the organization opposed in Italy.

Keywords

security studies, terrorism, red brigades, discourse analysis, content analysis

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