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Ses Yürüyüşü: Kentsel Alanları Çalışmak için Metodolojik Bir Öneri

Year 2021, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 5 - 30, 08.10.2021

Abstract

Bu makale, kent alanlarında yapılacak nitel araştırmalar için, metodolojik bir öneri olarak ses yürüyüşüne ve vaadettiği potansiyele odaklanmaktadır. Hildegard Westerkamp’in tariflediği gibi, “ses yürüyüşü esas amacı dinlemek olan her tür gezintiye denir” (1974). Bu çalışmada, Westerkamp’in ses yürüyüşü ve R. Murray Schafer’ın duyum temizliği egzersizlerini bir araya getirerek nitel bir araştırma tekniği öneriyorum. Schafer bu egzersizleri, kompozisyon sınıfındaki müzik öğrencilerini temiz bir duyuma ve amacı olan bir dinlemeye yöneltmek için kullanıyordu. Bu iki tekniği birleştirmek ve bir kent sesleri araştırması için kullanmak, araştırmacılara tasarlanmış ve düşünülmüş bir dinleme olanağı sağlar. Böyle bir yaklaşım da, kent seslerinin gündelik hayatta her gün sunduğu işitsel veriye dair araştırmacıların perspektifini genişletebilir. Ses yürüyüşünün bir teknik olarak nasıl kullanılacağını önermek için, öncelikle ses çalışmaları alanının tarihsel gelişimini anlatıyorum. İkinci olarak, ses çalışmaları alanında bu tekniği içeren ya da içermeyen çalışmalar için alan literatürünü tarif ediyorum. Son olarak da, bu tekniğin ayrıntılarını ve alanda nasıl kullanılabileceğine dair ayrıntıları bir öneri olarak tartışıyorum.

References

  • Balay, O. (2004). Mapping of urban soundscapes. Soundscape: The Journal of Acoustic Ecology, 5(1).
  • Butera, M. V. (2011). Music City Excesses: Phenomenological Thresholds and Nashville Noise Regulations. Journal of Sonic Studies, 1(1).
  • Cage, J. (1961). Silence. Middletown: Wesleyan University Press.
  • Cage, J. (2007). John Cage about silence. Video: http://www.futureacoustic.com/silence/
  • Carp, R. M. (1995). Hearing, Smelling, Tasting, Feeling, Seeing: The Role of the Arts in Making Sense Out of the Academy. Issues in Integrative Studies 13, 25-36.
  • Carpenter, E. S. (1973). Eskimo Realities. Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
  • Clifford, J. (1986). Writing Culture: The Poetics and Politics of Ethnography. University of California Press.
  • De Caro, L. & Daro, C. (2008). Meetings with R. Murray Schafer: Composer, Educator and Founder of Soundscape Studies. Soundscape: The Journal of Acoustic Ecology 8(1), 24-31.
  • Erlmann, V. (2010). Reason and Resonance: A History of Modern Aurality. New York: Zone Books.
  • Helmreich, S. (2007). An Anthropologist Under Water: Immersive soundscapes, submarine cyborgs, and transductive ethnography. American Ethnologist 34(4), 621-641.
  • Hilmes, M. (2005). Is There a Field Called Sound Culture Studies? And Does it Matter? American Quarterly 57(1), 249-259.
  • Hosokawa, S. (1984). The walkman effect. Popular Music 4(1), 165-180.
  • Kostelanetz, R. (2003). Conversing with Cage. Routledge Chapman & Hall.
  • Kreutzfeldt, J. (2012). Street Cries and the urban ritornelle. SoundEffects 2(1).
  • McCartney, A. (2010). Soundwalking: creating moving environmental sound narratives. Gopinath, S. and Stanyek, J. (Eds) in The Oxford Handbook of Mobile Music Studies, Volume 2. Oxford University Press.
  • Mott, I. & Sosnin, J. (1997). Sound Mapping: An Assertion of Place. Interface'97.
  • Mowitt, J. (1987). The sound of music in the era of its electronic reproducibility. Leppert, R. and McClary, S. (Eds) in Music and Society: The politics of composition, performance and reception (173-197). Cambridge University Press.
  • Ong, W. J. (2012). Fighting for Life: Contest, Sexuality, and Consciousness. Cornell University Press.
  • Picker, J. M. (2003). Victorian Soundscapes. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Pinch, T. & Bijsterveld, K. (Eds.) (2012). The Oxford Handbook of Sound Studies. Oxford University Press.
  • Rawes, I. (2013). https://www.soundsurvey.org.uk/index.php/survey/about
  • Schafer, R. M. (1967). Ear Cleaning: Notes for an Experimental Music Course. BMI Canada.
  • Schafer, R. M. (1977). Tuning of the World. Michigan University Press.
  • Schafer, R. M. (1992). A Sound Education: 100 Exercises in Listening and Sound-Making. Arcana Editions.
  • Schafer, R. M. (2003). Open Ears. Soundscape: The Journal of Acoustic Ecology 4(2).
  • Serres, M. (1995). Genesis (trans. G. James and J. Nielson). Michigan: The University of Michigan Press.
  • St. Clair, J. (2012). White Noise and Television Sound. Journal of Sonic Studies 3(1).
  • Sterne, J. (Ed.) (2012). The Sound Studies Reader. New York: Routledge.
  • Thibaud, J. P. (2011). A Sonic Paradigm of Urban Ambiances. Journal of Sonic Studies 1(1).
  • Thompson, E. A. (2002). The Soundscape of Modernity: Architectural Acoustics and The Culture of Listening in America, 1900-1933. MIT Press.
  • Tyler, D. (1996). Music City Confidential. Eggman Publishing, Incorporated.
  • Truax, B. (1978). The Handbook of Acoustic Ecology. Simon Fraser University.
  • Vayo, I. (2011). We Three, Kinged: Crowning the Aural on 9/11. Journal of Sonic Studies 1(1).
  • Vickers, P. (2012). Ways of Listening and Modes of Being: Electroacoustic Auditory Display. Journal of Sonic Studies 2(1).
  • Westerkamp, H. (1974). Soundwalking. Voices from British Columbia 3(4).
  • Wrightson, K. (2000). An Introduction to Acoustic Ecology. Soundscape: The Journal of Acoustic Ecology 1(1), 13.

Soundwalking: A Methodological Suggestion For Studying The Urban Areas

Year 2021, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 5 - 30, 08.10.2021

Abstract

This article focuses on soundwalks as a methodological technique and reviews its potential for the sound studies in urban areas. As Hildegrad Westerkamp describes “a soundwalk is any excursion whose main purpose is listening to the environment (1974).” I offer a methodological technique for qualitative urban research combining Westerkamp’s soundwalking and R. Murray Schafer’s ear cleaning exersices. Schafer introduces these exercises for music students aiming a focused and clean listening during his composition classes. Combining ear cleaning exercises with soudwalking create a deliberate listening for urban sounds. This type of an approach to urban sounds may broaden researchers’ perspectives on sonic knowledge that urban areas have to offer in the everyday basis. To be able to describe how can it be used a technique, firstly, I introduce the field of sound studies. Secondly, I review the literature that uses or excludes soundwalk as a method in the field. Finally, I suggest ways of using soundwalk including clairaudience exercises for qualitative urban research.

References

  • Balay, O. (2004). Mapping of urban soundscapes. Soundscape: The Journal of Acoustic Ecology, 5(1).
  • Butera, M. V. (2011). Music City Excesses: Phenomenological Thresholds and Nashville Noise Regulations. Journal of Sonic Studies, 1(1).
  • Cage, J. (1961). Silence. Middletown: Wesleyan University Press.
  • Cage, J. (2007). John Cage about silence. Video: http://www.futureacoustic.com/silence/
  • Carp, R. M. (1995). Hearing, Smelling, Tasting, Feeling, Seeing: The Role of the Arts in Making Sense Out of the Academy. Issues in Integrative Studies 13, 25-36.
  • Carpenter, E. S. (1973). Eskimo Realities. Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
  • Clifford, J. (1986). Writing Culture: The Poetics and Politics of Ethnography. University of California Press.
  • De Caro, L. & Daro, C. (2008). Meetings with R. Murray Schafer: Composer, Educator and Founder of Soundscape Studies. Soundscape: The Journal of Acoustic Ecology 8(1), 24-31.
  • Erlmann, V. (2010). Reason and Resonance: A History of Modern Aurality. New York: Zone Books.
  • Helmreich, S. (2007). An Anthropologist Under Water: Immersive soundscapes, submarine cyborgs, and transductive ethnography. American Ethnologist 34(4), 621-641.
  • Hilmes, M. (2005). Is There a Field Called Sound Culture Studies? And Does it Matter? American Quarterly 57(1), 249-259.
  • Hosokawa, S. (1984). The walkman effect. Popular Music 4(1), 165-180.
  • Kostelanetz, R. (2003). Conversing with Cage. Routledge Chapman & Hall.
  • Kreutzfeldt, J. (2012). Street Cries and the urban ritornelle. SoundEffects 2(1).
  • McCartney, A. (2010). Soundwalking: creating moving environmental sound narratives. Gopinath, S. and Stanyek, J. (Eds) in The Oxford Handbook of Mobile Music Studies, Volume 2. Oxford University Press.
  • Mott, I. & Sosnin, J. (1997). Sound Mapping: An Assertion of Place. Interface'97.
  • Mowitt, J. (1987). The sound of music in the era of its electronic reproducibility. Leppert, R. and McClary, S. (Eds) in Music and Society: The politics of composition, performance and reception (173-197). Cambridge University Press.
  • Ong, W. J. (2012). Fighting for Life: Contest, Sexuality, and Consciousness. Cornell University Press.
  • Picker, J. M. (2003). Victorian Soundscapes. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Pinch, T. & Bijsterveld, K. (Eds.) (2012). The Oxford Handbook of Sound Studies. Oxford University Press.
  • Rawes, I. (2013). https://www.soundsurvey.org.uk/index.php/survey/about
  • Schafer, R. M. (1967). Ear Cleaning: Notes for an Experimental Music Course. BMI Canada.
  • Schafer, R. M. (1977). Tuning of the World. Michigan University Press.
  • Schafer, R. M. (1992). A Sound Education: 100 Exercises in Listening and Sound-Making. Arcana Editions.
  • Schafer, R. M. (2003). Open Ears. Soundscape: The Journal of Acoustic Ecology 4(2).
  • Serres, M. (1995). Genesis (trans. G. James and J. Nielson). Michigan: The University of Michigan Press.
  • St. Clair, J. (2012). White Noise and Television Sound. Journal of Sonic Studies 3(1).
  • Sterne, J. (Ed.) (2012). The Sound Studies Reader. New York: Routledge.
  • Thibaud, J. P. (2011). A Sonic Paradigm of Urban Ambiances. Journal of Sonic Studies 1(1).
  • Thompson, E. A. (2002). The Soundscape of Modernity: Architectural Acoustics and The Culture of Listening in America, 1900-1933. MIT Press.
  • Tyler, D. (1996). Music City Confidential. Eggman Publishing, Incorporated.
  • Truax, B. (1978). The Handbook of Acoustic Ecology. Simon Fraser University.
  • Vayo, I. (2011). We Three, Kinged: Crowning the Aural on 9/11. Journal of Sonic Studies 1(1).
  • Vickers, P. (2012). Ways of Listening and Modes of Being: Electroacoustic Auditory Display. Journal of Sonic Studies 2(1).
  • Westerkamp, H. (1974). Soundwalking. Voices from British Columbia 3(4).
  • Wrightson, K. (2000). An Introduction to Acoustic Ecology. Soundscape: The Journal of Acoustic Ecology 1(1), 13.
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Mehtap Çağlar This is me 0000-0002-1467-1564

Publication Date October 8, 2021
Submission Date January 6, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 1 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Çağlar, M. (2021). Soundwalking: A Methodological Suggestion For Studying The Urban Areas. Akademik Açı, 1(1), 5-30.