Ses Yürüyüşü: Kentsel Alanları Çalışmak için Metodolojik Bir Öneri

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 5 - 30, 08.10.2021

Mehtap Çağlar

Öz

Bu makale, kent alanlarında yapılacak nitel araştırmalar için, metodolojik bir öneri olarak ses yürüyüşüne ve vaadettiği potansiyele odaklanmaktadır. Hildegard Westerkamp’in tariflediği gibi, “ses yürüyüşü esas amacı dinlemek olan her tür gezintiye denir” (1974). Bu çalışmada, Westerkamp’in ses yürüyüşü ve R. Murray Schafer’ın duyum temizliği egzersizlerini bir araya getirerek nitel bir araştırma tekniği öneriyorum. Schafer bu egzersizleri, kompozisyon sınıfındaki müzik öğrencilerini temiz bir duyuma ve amacı olan bir dinlemeye yöneltmek için kullanıyordu. Bu iki tekniği birleştirmek ve bir kent sesleri araştırması için kullanmak, araştırmacılara tasarlanmış ve düşünülmüş bir dinleme olanağı sağlar. Böyle bir yaklaşım da, kent seslerinin gündelik hayatta her gün sunduğu işitsel veriye dair araştırmacıların perspektifini genişletebilir. Ses yürüyüşünün bir teknik olarak nasıl kullanılacağını önermek için, öncelikle ses çalışmaları alanının tarihsel gelişimini anlatıyorum. İkinci olarak, ses çalışmaları alanında bu tekniği içeren ya da içermeyen çalışmalar için alan literatürünü tarif ediyorum. Son olarak da, bu tekniğin ayrıntılarını ve alanda nasıl kullanılabileceğine dair ayrıntıları bir öneri olarak tartışıyorum.

Anahtar Kelimeler

ses çalışmaları, metodoloji, ses yürüyüşü, nitel araştırma

Soundwalking: A Methodological Suggestion For Studying The Urban Areas

Öz

This article focuses on soundwalks as a methodological technique and reviews its potential for the sound studies in urban areas. As Hildegrad Westerkamp describes “a soundwalk is any excursion whose main purpose is listening to the environment (1974).” I offer a methodological technique for qualitative urban research combining Westerkamp’s soundwalking and R. Murray Schafer’s ear cleaning exersices. Schafer introduces these exercises for music students aiming a focused and clean listening during his composition classes. Combining ear cleaning exercises with soudwalking create a deliberate listening for urban sounds. This type of an approach to urban sounds may broaden researchers’ perspectives on sonic knowledge that urban areas have to offer in the everyday basis. To be able to describe how can it be used a technique, firstly, I introduce the field of sound studies. Secondly, I review the literature that uses or excludes soundwalk as a method in the field. Finally, I suggest ways of using soundwalk including clairaudience exercises for qualitative urban research.

Anahtar Kelimeler

sound studies, methodology, soundwalk, qualitative research

Kaynakça

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