Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

COVİD-19 SÜRECİNDE TOPLUMSAL CİNSİYET EŞİTSİZLİKLERİ: BİRLEŞİK KRALLIK ÖRNEĞİ

Year 2021, Issue: 4, 90 - 106, 08.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.53507/akademikdusunce.913572

Abstract

İnsan hakları insanın yalnızca insan olmaktan kaynaklanan doğuştan sahip olduğu ve dokunulmaz haklarını ifade etmektedir. Toplumsal cinsiyete dayalı roller ve kalıplaşmış yargılar, bu haklardan istifade etmede kadın-erkek arasında ayrımcı sonuçlar doğurmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda küresel düzeyde toplumsal cinsiyet temelli eşitsizlikler pandemi öncesinde önemli bir gündem maddesini oluştururken pandeminin ortaya çıkardığı koşullarda bu eşitsizlikler derinleşmektedir. Dünyanın tamamında pandemi sürecinde toplumsal cinsiyet temelli eşitsizlikler, şiddet ve istismar artmıştır.
Birleşik Krallık hem salgın başlangıcında “sürü bağışıklığı” yöntemini kullanacağını açıklayarak çoğu ülkenin aksine radikal bir karar almış hem de aşıyı ilk uygulama kararı alan ülke olmuştur. Bu doğrultuda salgının ülkedeki toplumsal cinsiyet temelli eşitsizlikleri nasıl etkilediğinin ortaya konması çalışmanın temel amacını oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada internet yoluyla gerçekleştirilen veri analiz türlerinden olan ikincil araştırma benimsenmiştir.
Pandemi kadınları ev içi şiddetin failleriyle eve kapanmak durumunda bıraktığından ev içi şiddet ve istismara maruziyetin artması, ev içi bakım hizmetinde kadınların erkeklerden daha fazla sorumluluk alması ve bunlardan dolayı mental sağlığın ve iş hayatının olumsuz etkilenmesi çalışmanın ana bulgularını oluşturmaktadır. Ev içi emek yükünün kadınların görünmez emeği olduğu ve Covid-19 pandemisinin bakım politikalarının önemini gösterdiği çalışmanın başka bir sonucudur.

References

  • Anadolu Ajansı (AA). (2020), “İngiltere Bu Gece Karantinaya Giriyor”, https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/ingiltere-bu-gece-karantinaya-giriyor/2032291, Erişim Tarihi: 18.12.2020.
  • Andrew, A., Cattan,S., Costa Dias, M., Farquharson,C., Kraftman, L., Krutikova, S., Phimister, A. ve Sevilla, A. (2020), “How Are Mothers and Fathers Balancing Work and Family Under Lockdown?”, Institute for Fiscal Studies, https://www.ifs.org.uk/uploads/BN290-Mothers-and-fathers-balancing-work-and-life-under-lockdown.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 11.01.2021.
  • BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation). (2020), “Coronavirus: More May Need to Self-Isolate to Stop Spread-NHS Boss”, https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-51486131, Erişim Tarihi: 11.12.2020.
  • BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation). (2021a), “Covid-19: İngiltere'de Üçüncü Kez Ülke Genelinde Sokağa Çıkma Kısıtlaması İlan Edildi”, https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-55534411, Erişim Tarihi: 25.01.2021.
  • BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation). (2021b), “Covid-19: Rape and Domestic Abuse Support Services to Get Extra £40m”, https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-55879102, Erişim Tarihi: 13 Mart 2021.
  • Bluedorn,J., Gopinath,G. ve Sandri, D. (2020), “An Early View of the Economic Impact of the Pandemic in 5 Charts”, IMF Blog, https://blogs.imf.org/2020/04/06/an-early-view-of-the-economic-impact-of-the-pandemic-in-5-charts/, Erişim Tarihi: 9.112020.
  • Boniol, M., Mclsaac,M., Xu, L., Wuliji, T., Diallo, K. ve Campbell, J. (2019), “Gender Equity in the Health Workforce: Analysis of 104 Countries”, Working paper 1, World Health Organization, https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/311314/WHO-HIS-HWF-Gender-WP1-2019.1-eng.pdf?ua=1, Erişim Tarihi: 12.01.2021.
  • Buchholz, K. (2020), “Massive Rise in Gender-Based Violence Expected in Prolonged Lockdowns”,Statista, https://www.statista.com/chart/21566/global-rise-in-gender-based-violence-covid-19/, Erişim Tarihi: 11.02.2021.
  • Davidge, S. (2020), “A Perfect Storm: The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Domestic Abuse Survivors and the Services Supporting Them”, https://www.womensaid.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/A-Perfect-Storm-August-2020-1.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 08.02.2021.
  • Donovan, J. (2019) Feminist Teori: Entelektüel Gelenekler, 12. Baskı, İletişim Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • DW (Deustche Welle). (2020), İngiltere’de Sokağa Çıkma Yasağı Getirildi, https://www.dw.com/tr/ingilterede-sokağa-çıkma-yasağı-getirildi/a-52895278, Erişim Tarihi: 07.12.2020.
  • Home Office (2021), “Domestic Abuse: Get Help during the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic”, https://www.gov.uk/guidance/domestic-abuse-how-to-get-help, Erişim Tarihi: 29.03.2021.
  • IPSOS (2020a), “Gender Differences and the Impact of the Pandemic”, https://www.ipsos.com/sites/default/files/ct/news/documents/202008/women_and_covid_.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 25.01.2021.
  • IPSOS (2020b), “Half of Mothers Say They Have Taken on More Childcare Responsibilities than Their Partners During Lockdown, Compared to Around a Quarter of Fathers”, https://www.ipsos.com/ipsos-mori/en-uk/half-mothers-say-they-have-taken-more-childcare-responsibilities-their-partners-during-lockdown, Erişim Tarihi: 18.12.2020.
  • Ivandic, R. Kirchmaier, T. ve Linton, B. (2020), “Changing Patterns of Domestic Abuse during Covid-19 Lockdown”, Centre for Economic Performance, The London School of Economics and Political Science, https://cep.lse.ac.uk/pubs/download/dp1729.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 05.02.2021.
  • Lungumbu, S. Ve Butterly, A. (2020), “Coronavirus and Gender: More Chores for Women Set Back Gains in Equality”, BBC, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-55016842, Erişim Tarihi: 3 .01.2021.
  • Mahase, E. (2020), “Covid-19: EU States Report 60% Rise in Emergency Calls about Domestic Violence”, The BMJ, https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/369/bmj.m1872.full.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 13.03.2021.
  • ONHCR (United Nations Human Rights Office of the High Commissioner). (2020), “Covıd-19 And Women’s Human Rıghts: Guıdance”, https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Women/COVID19_and_Womens_Human_Rights.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 20.112020.
  • T24. (2021a), “İngiltere’de Covid-19 Kısıtlamaları Hafifletildi”, https://t24.com.tr/haber/ingiltere-de-covid-19-kisitlamalari-hafifletildi,942336, Erişim Tarihi: 30.03.2021.
  • T24. (2021b), “Birleşik Krallık'ta Covid-19'a Karşı Aşılananların Sayısı 30 Milyonu Aştı”, https://t24.com.tr/haber/birlesik-krallik-ta-covid-19-a-karsi-asilananlarin-sayisi-30-milyonu-asti,942114, Erişim Tarihi: 31.03.2021.
  • Taş, G. (2016), “Feminizm Üzerine Genel Bir Değerlendirme: Kavramsal Analizi”, Tarihsel Süreçleri Ve Dönüşümleri, Akademik Hassasiyetler, 163-175.
  • TRT Haber. (2021), “İngiltere Ve İsveç'in "Sürü Bağışıklığı Stratejileri" Başarısız Oldu”, https://www.trthaber.com/haber/dunya/ingiltere-ve-isvecin-suru-bagisikligi-stratejileri-basarisiz-oldu-546416.html, Erişim Tarihi: 26.01.2021.
  • UN Women, “COVID-19 and Gender Data Resources”, https://data.unwomen.org/COVID19, Erişim Tarihi: 21.03.2021.
  • United Nations(UN). (2020), “Policy Brief: The Impact of COVID-19 on Women”, https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/policy_brief_on_covid_impact_on_women_9_apr_2020_updated.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 10.01.2021.

Gender Inequalities in Covid-19 Process: Evidence from the United Kingdom

Year 2021, Issue: 4, 90 - 106, 08.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.53507/akademikdusunce.913572

Abstract

Human rights express the innate and inviolable rights of human beings that arise solely from being human. Gender-based roles and stereotypes create discriminatory consequences between men and women in taking advantage of these rights. In this respect, while gender-based inequalities at the global level constitute an important agenda item before the pandemic, these inequalities deepen under the conditions created by the pandemic. Throughout the world, gender-based inequalities, violence and abuse have increased during the pandemic process.
The United Kingdom both made a radical decision, unlike most countries by declaring that it would use the "herd immunity" method at the beginning of the epidemic and became the first country to decide to apply the vaccine. In this direction, the main purpose of the study is to reveal how the epidemic affects gender-based inequalities in the country. Secondary research, one of the types of data analysis conducted via the internet, was adopted in the study.
The main findings of the study are the increased exposure to domestic violence and abuse due to the pandemic causing women to be locked up at home with the perpetrators of domestic violence, women taking more responsibilities in domestic care than men, and the negative effects on their mental health and work-life as a result. It is another result of the study that the domestic labor burden is the invisible labor of women and the COVID-19 pandemic shows the importance of care policies.

References

  • Anadolu Ajansı (AA). (2020), “İngiltere Bu Gece Karantinaya Giriyor”, https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/ingiltere-bu-gece-karantinaya-giriyor/2032291, Erişim Tarihi: 18.12.2020.
  • Andrew, A., Cattan,S., Costa Dias, M., Farquharson,C., Kraftman, L., Krutikova, S., Phimister, A. ve Sevilla, A. (2020), “How Are Mothers and Fathers Balancing Work and Family Under Lockdown?”, Institute for Fiscal Studies, https://www.ifs.org.uk/uploads/BN290-Mothers-and-fathers-balancing-work-and-life-under-lockdown.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 11.01.2021.
  • BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation). (2020), “Coronavirus: More May Need to Self-Isolate to Stop Spread-NHS Boss”, https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-51486131, Erişim Tarihi: 11.12.2020.
  • BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation). (2021a), “Covid-19: İngiltere'de Üçüncü Kez Ülke Genelinde Sokağa Çıkma Kısıtlaması İlan Edildi”, https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-55534411, Erişim Tarihi: 25.01.2021.
  • BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation). (2021b), “Covid-19: Rape and Domestic Abuse Support Services to Get Extra £40m”, https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-55879102, Erişim Tarihi: 13 Mart 2021.
  • Bluedorn,J., Gopinath,G. ve Sandri, D. (2020), “An Early View of the Economic Impact of the Pandemic in 5 Charts”, IMF Blog, https://blogs.imf.org/2020/04/06/an-early-view-of-the-economic-impact-of-the-pandemic-in-5-charts/, Erişim Tarihi: 9.112020.
  • Boniol, M., Mclsaac,M., Xu, L., Wuliji, T., Diallo, K. ve Campbell, J. (2019), “Gender Equity in the Health Workforce: Analysis of 104 Countries”, Working paper 1, World Health Organization, https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/311314/WHO-HIS-HWF-Gender-WP1-2019.1-eng.pdf?ua=1, Erişim Tarihi: 12.01.2021.
  • Buchholz, K. (2020), “Massive Rise in Gender-Based Violence Expected in Prolonged Lockdowns”,Statista, https://www.statista.com/chart/21566/global-rise-in-gender-based-violence-covid-19/, Erişim Tarihi: 11.02.2021.
  • Davidge, S. (2020), “A Perfect Storm: The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Domestic Abuse Survivors and the Services Supporting Them”, https://www.womensaid.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/A-Perfect-Storm-August-2020-1.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 08.02.2021.
  • Donovan, J. (2019) Feminist Teori: Entelektüel Gelenekler, 12. Baskı, İletişim Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • DW (Deustche Welle). (2020), İngiltere’de Sokağa Çıkma Yasağı Getirildi, https://www.dw.com/tr/ingilterede-sokağa-çıkma-yasağı-getirildi/a-52895278, Erişim Tarihi: 07.12.2020.
  • Home Office (2021), “Domestic Abuse: Get Help during the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic”, https://www.gov.uk/guidance/domestic-abuse-how-to-get-help, Erişim Tarihi: 29.03.2021.
  • IPSOS (2020a), “Gender Differences and the Impact of the Pandemic”, https://www.ipsos.com/sites/default/files/ct/news/documents/202008/women_and_covid_.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 25.01.2021.
  • IPSOS (2020b), “Half of Mothers Say They Have Taken on More Childcare Responsibilities than Their Partners During Lockdown, Compared to Around a Quarter of Fathers”, https://www.ipsos.com/ipsos-mori/en-uk/half-mothers-say-they-have-taken-more-childcare-responsibilities-their-partners-during-lockdown, Erişim Tarihi: 18.12.2020.
  • Ivandic, R. Kirchmaier, T. ve Linton, B. (2020), “Changing Patterns of Domestic Abuse during Covid-19 Lockdown”, Centre for Economic Performance, The London School of Economics and Political Science, https://cep.lse.ac.uk/pubs/download/dp1729.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 05.02.2021.
  • Lungumbu, S. Ve Butterly, A. (2020), “Coronavirus and Gender: More Chores for Women Set Back Gains in Equality”, BBC, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-55016842, Erişim Tarihi: 3 .01.2021.
  • Mahase, E. (2020), “Covid-19: EU States Report 60% Rise in Emergency Calls about Domestic Violence”, The BMJ, https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/369/bmj.m1872.full.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 13.03.2021.
  • ONHCR (United Nations Human Rights Office of the High Commissioner). (2020), “Covıd-19 And Women’s Human Rıghts: Guıdance”, https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Women/COVID19_and_Womens_Human_Rights.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 20.112020.
  • T24. (2021a), “İngiltere’de Covid-19 Kısıtlamaları Hafifletildi”, https://t24.com.tr/haber/ingiltere-de-covid-19-kisitlamalari-hafifletildi,942336, Erişim Tarihi: 30.03.2021.
  • T24. (2021b), “Birleşik Krallık'ta Covid-19'a Karşı Aşılananların Sayısı 30 Milyonu Aştı”, https://t24.com.tr/haber/birlesik-krallik-ta-covid-19-a-karsi-asilananlarin-sayisi-30-milyonu-asti,942114, Erişim Tarihi: 31.03.2021.
  • Taş, G. (2016), “Feminizm Üzerine Genel Bir Değerlendirme: Kavramsal Analizi”, Tarihsel Süreçleri Ve Dönüşümleri, Akademik Hassasiyetler, 163-175.
  • TRT Haber. (2021), “İngiltere Ve İsveç'in "Sürü Bağışıklığı Stratejileri" Başarısız Oldu”, https://www.trthaber.com/haber/dunya/ingiltere-ve-isvecin-suru-bagisikligi-stratejileri-basarisiz-oldu-546416.html, Erişim Tarihi: 26.01.2021.
  • UN Women, “COVID-19 and Gender Data Resources”, https://data.unwomen.org/COVID19, Erişim Tarihi: 21.03.2021.
  • United Nations(UN). (2020), “Policy Brief: The Impact of COVID-19 on Women”, https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/policy_brief_on_covid_impact_on_women_9_apr_2020_updated.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 10.01.2021.
There are 24 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Zehra Hopyar 0000-0002-2028-9812

Publication Date December 8, 2021
Submission Date April 11, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Hopyar, Z. (2021). COVİD-19 SÜRECİNDE TOPLUMSAL CİNSİYET EŞİTSİZLİKLERİ: BİRLEŞİK KRALLIK ÖRNEĞİ. Akademik Düşünce Dergisi(4), 90-106. https://doi.org/10.53507/akademikdusunce.913572