Arap Baharı: İslam Üzerine Söylemsel Dönüşümün Habercisi Mi?

Yıl 2011, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 123 - 138, 25.07.2014

Fahri Çakı

Öz

Büyük çoğunluğunu Arap ve/veya Müslüman toplumların oluşturduğu Orta Doğu ve Kuzey Afrika (ODKA) bölgesinde demokrasinin neden gelişemediği sorusu 2000’li yılların demokrasi alanyazınının en önemli tartışma konularından birisi olmuştur. Bu bölgenin bir “istisna” ve “anomali” olduğu sıklıkla vurgulanmaktadır. Arap Baharı diye adlandırılan bölgedeki özgürleşme hareketlerinin Tunus, Libya ve Mısır’da diktatör liderlerin iktidardan düşmesi sonucunu vermesiyle birlikte tartışma, ODKA bölgesinde Arap Baharının demokratikleşme ile mi, otoriter rejimlerin devamı ile mi, Şeriat yönetimlerinin kurulmasıyla mı sonuçlanacağına dönüşmüştür. Bu makale, ODKA bölgesinde demokrasinin gelişememesini İslam-demokrasi uyuşmazlığı teziyle açıklamaya çalışan dominant düşünce çizgisinin Arap Baharından sonra yerini nasıl bir söyleme bıraktığını inceleme konusu yapmaktadır. Makale, gelişmekte olan yeni söylemin 4 ana konuda (İslam ve İslamcılar imgesi, Batının bölgedeki çıkarları, terörle savaş, İsrail ile ilişkiler) önceki söylemden nasıl farklılaştığını göstermeyi amaçlamaktadır. Makale, gelişmekte olan yeni söylemle birlikte Batı’da İslam ve İslamcılar hakkında daha olumlu bir imge ortaya çıktığı ve bu imgenin kalıcı ve samimi olup olmadığının zaman içinde anlaşılabileceği sonucuna varmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Orta Doğu, Arap Baharı

Arab Spring: A Precursor of Discoursive Shift on Islam

Öz

One of the most important debate themes in the literature on democratization has been why MENA (Middle East and North Africa) region, with a majority of Arab and/or Muslim population, is failing in transition to democracy. It is very often claimed that this region is an “exception” and an “anomaly”. After freedom movements named “Arab Spring” resulted with the fall of dictatorships in Tunisia, Libya and Egypt, the debate took a new form, namely weather Arab Spring will lead, in the region, to decent democracies or survival of the authoritarian regimes or establishments of Islamic governments based on Sharia Law. This paper takes a brief look at the dominant discourse that tries to explain lack of democracy in MENA region with the thesis of Islam-democracy incompatibility. Then the paper examines how this is replaced with a new discourse after the Arab Spring. It aims at demonstrating how the new discourse is differentiated from the previous one in terms of 4 main topics (the image of Islam and Islamists, Western interest in the region, war on terror, relationships with Israel). It draws the conclusion that the new discourse generates a more positive image of Islam and Islamists in the West although it is not clear weather this image is frankly and permanent.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Middle East, Arab Spring, Democratization, The Fourth Wave

Kaynakça

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