Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Büyük Savaş Öncesi Isınan Sular: Birinci Dünya Savaşı Öncesi Donanma Yarışının Büyük Güç Rekabetine Etkileri

Year 2022, Volume: 17 Issue: 1, 161 - 182, 15.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.17550/akademikincelemeler.1021798

Abstract

Birinci Dünya Savaşı öncesi dönemde artarak devam eden Büyük Güçler arasındaki rekabet donanma yarışını da beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu çalışma, savaş öncesi dönemde gerçekleşen donanma yarışının Büyük Güçler arasındaki rekabet üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahip olduğunu ve Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nın önemli bir nedenini oluşturduğunu iddia etmektedir. Çalışmada ilk olarak Büyük Güçlerin donanmalarının savaş öncesi dönemdeki gelişimleri incelenmiştir. Ardından Büyük Güç donanmalarında yaşanan bu gelişimlerin aralarındaki rekabete etkileri incelenmiştir. Savaş öncesinde denizde gerçekleşen silahlanma yarışı özellikle Batı Yarımküre, Uzakdoğu ve Akdeniz’de rekabetin yoğunlaşmasına yol açmıştır. Ayrıca, donanma yarışı özellikle iki ana aktörü olan İngiltere ve Almanya’nın politikalarının şekillenmesinde etkili olmuş ve bu iki ülke arasındaki ilişkilerin hızla bozulmasına yol açmıştır. Yarış İngiltere’yi geleneksel politikalarından vazgeçirerek Avrupa ittifak sistemlerinin içine çekmiş ve Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nın ittifak yapısı ve seyrinde etkili olmuştur.

References

  • Bell, Christopher M. Churchill and Sea Power. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.
  • Carpenter, Stanley D. M. the Rise and Fall of the Austro-Hungarian Navy, 1900-1918, International Journal of Naval History, 15(2), 2020.
  • Coutau-Bégarie, Hervé. Seapower in the Mediterranean from the Seventeenth to the Nineteenth Century, Ed.: J. B. Hattendorf, Naval Policy and Strategy in the Mediterranean: Past, Present and Future, 30-50, Londra: Frank Cass, 2000.
  • De Lanessan, M. The French Naval Programme of 1900-1906, Royal United Services Institution. Journal, 48(313), 1904, 265-280.
  • Evans, David C. ve Peattie, Mark R. Kaigun: Strategy, Tactics, and Technology in the Imperial Japanese Navy 1887-1941, Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 2012.
  • Ferguson, Niall. The Pity of War, Londra: Allen Lane The Penguin Press, 1998.
  • Fuller, William C. Jr. Strategy and Power in Russia: 1600-1914, New York: The Free Press, 1992.
  • Gatrell, Peter. After Tsushima: Economic and Administrative Aspects of Russian Naval Rearmament, 1905-1913, The Economic History Review, 43(2), 1990, 257-270.
  • Gebhard, Louis A. Jr. Austria-Hungary’s Dreadnought Squadron: the Naval Outlay of 1911, Austrian History Yearbook, 4, 1968, 245-258.
  • Gorshkov, S. G. The Sea Power of the State, Pergamon Press, 1979.
  • Gow, Ian T. M. The Royal Navy and Japan, 1900-1920: Strategic Re-Evaluation of the IJN, Ed.: I. Gow, Y. Hirama ve J. Chapman, The History of Anglo-Japanese Relations, 1600-2000: Volume III: The Military Dimension, 35-50, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003.
  • Grimes, Shawn T. Strategy and War Planning in the British Navy, 1887-1918, The Boydell Press, 2012.
  • Güvenç, Serhat. Birinci Dünya Savaşı’na Giden Yolda Osmanlıların Drednot Düşleri, İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, 2011.
  • Herwig, Holger H. “Luxury” Fleet: The Imperial German Navy 1888-1918, New York: Routledge, 2014.
  • Hobsbawm, E, J. İmparatorluk Çağı: 1875-1914, (Çev. V. Aslan), Ankara: Dost Kitabevi Yayınları, 2020.
  • Keiger, John F. V. France and the Origins of the First World War, Londra: Macmillan Press, 1983.
  • Kelly, Patrick J. Tirpitz and the Imperial German Navy, Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2011. Kennedy, Paul M. The Rise and Fall of British Naval Mastery, Penguin Books, 1976.
  • Kennedy, Paul. Büyük Güçlerin Yükseliş ve Çöküşleri: 16. Yüzyıldan Günümüze Ekonomik Değişim ve Askeri Çatışmalar, (Çev. B. Karanakçı), İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, 2002.
  • Kissinger, Henry. Diplomasi, (Çev. İ. H. Kurt), İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, 2015.
  • Lambi, I. N. The Navy and German Power Politics, 1862-1914, New York: Routledge, 1984.
  • Lardas, Mark. South American Battleships 1908-59: Brazil, Argentina, and Chile’s great dreadnought race, New York: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2018.
  • Livermore, Seward W. American Naval-Base Policy in the Far East 1850-1914, The Pacific Historical Review, 13(2), 1944, 113-135.
  • Maurer, John H. Churchill’s naval holiday: Arms control and the Anglo-German naval race, 1912-1914, Journal of Strategic Studies, 15(1), 1992, 1992, 102-127.
  • McBride, William M. Technological Change and the United States Navy, 1865-1945, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000.
  • Modelski, George ve Thompson, William R. Seapower in Global Politics, 1494-1993, Londra: Macmillan Press, 1988.
  • O’Brien, Philips Payson. The Titan Refreshed: Imperial Overstretch and the British Navy before the First World War, Past and Present, 172, 2001, 146-169.
  • Ovendale, Ritchie. Anglo-American Relations in the Twentieth Century, Londra: Macmillan Press, 1998.
  • Örenç, Ali Fuat. Deniz Kuvvetleri ve Deniz Harp Sanayii, (Ed.: G. Yıldız, Osmanlı Askeri Tarihi: Kara, Deniz ve Hava Kuvvetleri 1792-1918, 173-228, İstanbul: Timaş Yayınları, 2017.
  • Panzac, Daniel. Osmanlı Donanması (1572-1923), (Çev. A. Maden ve S. Canpolat), İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, 2020.
  • Røksund, Arne. The Jeune École: The Strategy of the Weak, Leiden: Brill, 2007.
  • Simpson, Michael. Superhighway to the World Wide Web: The Mediterranean in British Imperial Strategy, 1900-45, Ed.: J. B. Hattendorf, Naval Policy and Strategy in the Mediterranean: Past, Present and Future, 51-77, Londra: Frank Cass, 2000.
  • Stevenson, David. Armaments and the Coming of War: Europe, 1904-1914, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.
  • Strachan, Hew. The First World War: Volume I: To Arms, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.
  • Sullivan, Brian R. A Fleet in Being: The Rise and Fall of Italian Sea Power, The International History Review, 10(1), 1988, 106-124.
  • Sumida, Jon Tetsuro. In Defence of Naval Supremacy: Finance, Technology, and British Naval Policy, 1889-1914, Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 2014.
  • Uyar, Mesut ve Erickson, Edward J. A Military History of the Ottomans: From Osman to Atatürk, Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 2009.
  • Vego, Milan N. Austro-Hungarian Naval Policy, 1904-14, Londra: Frank Cass, 1996.
  • Wells, Samuel F. Jr. British Strategic Withdrawal from the Western Hemisphere, 1904-1906, The Canadian Historical Review, 49(4), 1968, 335-356.
  • Westwood, J. N. Russian Naval Construction, 1905-45, Londra: Palgrave Macmillan, 1994.

Warming Waters Before the Great War: The Effects of the Pre-First World War Naval Race on the Great Power Competition

Year 2022, Volume: 17 Issue: 1, 161 - 182, 15.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.17550/akademikincelemeler.1021798

Abstract

The competition among the Great Powers, which continued to increase in the period before the First World War, brought along the naval race. This study argues that the naval race which took place in the pre-war period had a significant effect on the competition among the Great Powers and was an important cause of the First World War. In the study, firstly, the development of the navies of the Great Powers in the pre-war period was examined. Then, the effects of these developments in the navies of the Great Powers on the competition among them were examined. The arms race that took place at sea before the war led to an intensification of competition, especially in the Western Hemisphere, the Far East and the Mediterranean. In addition, the naval race was especially effective in shaping the policies of its two main actors, Britain and Germany, and this led to the rapid deterioration of relations between these two countries. The race pulled Britain into the European alliance systems, giving up it from its traditional policies, and was effective in the alliance structure and course of the First World War.

References

  • Bell, Christopher M. Churchill and Sea Power. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.
  • Carpenter, Stanley D. M. the Rise and Fall of the Austro-Hungarian Navy, 1900-1918, International Journal of Naval History, 15(2), 2020.
  • Coutau-Bégarie, Hervé. Seapower in the Mediterranean from the Seventeenth to the Nineteenth Century, Ed.: J. B. Hattendorf, Naval Policy and Strategy in the Mediterranean: Past, Present and Future, 30-50, Londra: Frank Cass, 2000.
  • De Lanessan, M. The French Naval Programme of 1900-1906, Royal United Services Institution. Journal, 48(313), 1904, 265-280.
  • Evans, David C. ve Peattie, Mark R. Kaigun: Strategy, Tactics, and Technology in the Imperial Japanese Navy 1887-1941, Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 2012.
  • Ferguson, Niall. The Pity of War, Londra: Allen Lane The Penguin Press, 1998.
  • Fuller, William C. Jr. Strategy and Power in Russia: 1600-1914, New York: The Free Press, 1992.
  • Gatrell, Peter. After Tsushima: Economic and Administrative Aspects of Russian Naval Rearmament, 1905-1913, The Economic History Review, 43(2), 1990, 257-270.
  • Gebhard, Louis A. Jr. Austria-Hungary’s Dreadnought Squadron: the Naval Outlay of 1911, Austrian History Yearbook, 4, 1968, 245-258.
  • Gorshkov, S. G. The Sea Power of the State, Pergamon Press, 1979.
  • Gow, Ian T. M. The Royal Navy and Japan, 1900-1920: Strategic Re-Evaluation of the IJN, Ed.: I. Gow, Y. Hirama ve J. Chapman, The History of Anglo-Japanese Relations, 1600-2000: Volume III: The Military Dimension, 35-50, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003.
  • Grimes, Shawn T. Strategy and War Planning in the British Navy, 1887-1918, The Boydell Press, 2012.
  • Güvenç, Serhat. Birinci Dünya Savaşı’na Giden Yolda Osmanlıların Drednot Düşleri, İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, 2011.
  • Herwig, Holger H. “Luxury” Fleet: The Imperial German Navy 1888-1918, New York: Routledge, 2014.
  • Hobsbawm, E, J. İmparatorluk Çağı: 1875-1914, (Çev. V. Aslan), Ankara: Dost Kitabevi Yayınları, 2020.
  • Keiger, John F. V. France and the Origins of the First World War, Londra: Macmillan Press, 1983.
  • Kelly, Patrick J. Tirpitz and the Imperial German Navy, Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2011. Kennedy, Paul M. The Rise and Fall of British Naval Mastery, Penguin Books, 1976.
  • Kennedy, Paul. Büyük Güçlerin Yükseliş ve Çöküşleri: 16. Yüzyıldan Günümüze Ekonomik Değişim ve Askeri Çatışmalar, (Çev. B. Karanakçı), İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, 2002.
  • Kissinger, Henry. Diplomasi, (Çev. İ. H. Kurt), İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, 2015.
  • Lambi, I. N. The Navy and German Power Politics, 1862-1914, New York: Routledge, 1984.
  • Lardas, Mark. South American Battleships 1908-59: Brazil, Argentina, and Chile’s great dreadnought race, New York: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2018.
  • Livermore, Seward W. American Naval-Base Policy in the Far East 1850-1914, The Pacific Historical Review, 13(2), 1944, 113-135.
  • Maurer, John H. Churchill’s naval holiday: Arms control and the Anglo-German naval race, 1912-1914, Journal of Strategic Studies, 15(1), 1992, 1992, 102-127.
  • McBride, William M. Technological Change and the United States Navy, 1865-1945, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000.
  • Modelski, George ve Thompson, William R. Seapower in Global Politics, 1494-1993, Londra: Macmillan Press, 1988.
  • O’Brien, Philips Payson. The Titan Refreshed: Imperial Overstretch and the British Navy before the First World War, Past and Present, 172, 2001, 146-169.
  • Ovendale, Ritchie. Anglo-American Relations in the Twentieth Century, Londra: Macmillan Press, 1998.
  • Örenç, Ali Fuat. Deniz Kuvvetleri ve Deniz Harp Sanayii, (Ed.: G. Yıldız, Osmanlı Askeri Tarihi: Kara, Deniz ve Hava Kuvvetleri 1792-1918, 173-228, İstanbul: Timaş Yayınları, 2017.
  • Panzac, Daniel. Osmanlı Donanması (1572-1923), (Çev. A. Maden ve S. Canpolat), İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, 2020.
  • Røksund, Arne. The Jeune École: The Strategy of the Weak, Leiden: Brill, 2007.
  • Simpson, Michael. Superhighway to the World Wide Web: The Mediterranean in British Imperial Strategy, 1900-45, Ed.: J. B. Hattendorf, Naval Policy and Strategy in the Mediterranean: Past, Present and Future, 51-77, Londra: Frank Cass, 2000.
  • Stevenson, David. Armaments and the Coming of War: Europe, 1904-1914, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.
  • Strachan, Hew. The First World War: Volume I: To Arms, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.
  • Sullivan, Brian R. A Fleet in Being: The Rise and Fall of Italian Sea Power, The International History Review, 10(1), 1988, 106-124.
  • Sumida, Jon Tetsuro. In Defence of Naval Supremacy: Finance, Technology, and British Naval Policy, 1889-1914, Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 2014.
  • Uyar, Mesut ve Erickson, Edward J. A Military History of the Ottomans: From Osman to Atatürk, Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 2009.
  • Vego, Milan N. Austro-Hungarian Naval Policy, 1904-14, Londra: Frank Cass, 1996.
  • Wells, Samuel F. Jr. British Strategic Withdrawal from the Western Hemisphere, 1904-1906, The Canadian Historical Review, 49(4), 1968, 335-356.
  • Westwood, J. N. Russian Naval Construction, 1905-45, Londra: Palgrave Macmillan, 1994.
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Reserch Articles
Authors

Melih Yıldız 0000-0001-8226-6299

Publication Date April 15, 2022
Submission Date November 10, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 17 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Yıldız, M. (2022). Büyük Savaş Öncesi Isınan Sular: Birinci Dünya Savaşı Öncesi Donanma Yarışının Büyük Güç Rekabetine Etkileri. Akademik İncelemeler Dergisi, 17(1), 161-182. https://doi.org/10.17550/akademikincelemeler.1021798

Creative Commons Lisansı

Journal of Academic Inquiries accepts the Open Access Journal Policy for sharing knowledge.