Tuna'da Seyrüseferin Yönetilmesinin Süreci

Year 2022, Volume: 17 Issue: 2, 260 - 284, 15.10.2022

Mehmet Vurgun

https://doi.org/10.17550/akademikincelemeler.1136146

Abstract

Tuna nehri Paleolitik Dönem kültürlerinden başlayarak birçok toplum ve devlete ev sahipliği yapmıştır. Tuna havzasında yaşayan devletlerin yaşam kaynağı olan Tuna nehri, devletlerin büyümesi ve yayılması ile daha stratejik hale gelmiş ve bu topraklarda var oluşun anahtarı durumuna gelmiştir. Ortaçağ’da sadece içme suyu ve tarımsal sulamada kullanılan Tuna zamanla ticaretin ana aracı durumuna gelmiştir. Tuna üzerinden at arabalarıyla kıyıdan yedeklenerek yapılan taşımadan başlayarak, yerini modern teknelere bırakmıştır. Suyolundaki hakimiyetin paylaşılması süreci Tuna’nın yönetilmesinde temel hedef olmuştur. Tuna’da seyrüseferin yönetilmesi sürecini dört dönem halinde değerlendirmek mümkündür. Birinci dönem, 1792 ve öncesinden başlayan ikili anlaşmalar dönemi; ikinci dönem, 1856 Paris Barış Konferansı ile başlayıp 1920 Birinci Dünya Savaşı arası devam eden, kısa süreli olarak planlanan fakat defalarca görev süresi uzatılan komisyon dönemi; üçüncü dönem, 1920’den İkinci Dünya Savaşına kadar devam eden Tuna Nehri’nin uluslararasılaştırılması çabaları; dördüncü dönem ise Tuna’nın uluslararasılaştırılması sürecidir. Ancak yüzyıllardır seyrüseferin yönetilmesi için anlaşan Tuna devletlerinin gemi kaynaklı kirliğin önlenmesi, kontrol altına alınması ve bertarafına ilişkin antant kaldığı bir hukuksal doküman bulunmamaktadır.

Keywords

Tuna, Tuna Komisyonu, İçsullarında Seyrüsefer

The Process of Managing the Navigation of Danube

Abstract

Begining from the Paleolithic Period cultures, the Danube has hosted a society and a state. The Danube river, which is the source of life for the states living in the Danube basin, has become more strategic with the growth and spread of the states and has become the key to existence in these lands. The Danube, which was used only for drinking water and agricultural irrigation in the Middle Ages, has become the main tool of trade in time. It has been replaced by modern boats, starting with the transportation made by backing up from the shore with horse-drawn carriages over the Danube. The process of sharing dominance in the waterway has been the main target in the management of the Danube. It is possible to evaluate the process of managing the navigation in the Danube in four periods. The first period is the period of bilateral agreements between 1792 and before; the second term, the commission period, which started with the Paris Peace Conference of 1856 and continued between the 1920s and the First World War, which was planned for a short time but whose mandate was extended several times; the third period, efforts to internationalize the Danube from 1920 to the Second World War; the fourth period is the internationalization process of the Danube. However, there is no legal document in which the Danube states, which have agreed for the management of navigation for centuries, have made an agreement on the prevention, control and disposal of ship-borne pollution.

Keywords

Danube, Danube Commission, Danube Inland Navigation

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