TUNUS CUMHURBAŞKANI KAYS SAİD'İN ANAYASAL POLİTİKASI: 2022 ANAYASA REFERANDUMU

Year 2022, , 57 - 71, 31.12.2022

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https://doi.org/10.54132/akaf.1190746

Abstract

Tunus, Arap Baharı ülkeleri arasında, görece başarılı kabul edilen tek ülke olarak gösterilmiştir. Ancak, Cumhurbaşkanı Kays Said’in Temmuz 2021 yılından itibaren uyguladığı anayasal siyaset, Tunus’ta anayasal ve siyasal kazanımların da tartışmalı ve kırılgan olduğunu göstermiştir.
25 Temmuz 2021’de ekonomik ve siyasal nedenlerle gerçekleştirilen halk protestoları neticesinde Cumhurbaşkanı Kays Said, 2014 Anayasası’nın 80’inci maddesine dayanarak olağanüstü hal tedbirleri almıştır. Bu doğrultuda Said, Başbakanı görevden el çektirerek ve yasama organını askıya alarak yasama ve yürütme yetkilerini uhdesinde toplamıştır. Devam eden aylarda, Said, Yüksek yargı Konseyi, geçici Anayasa Mahkemesi gibi temel anayasa kurumları ortadan kaldırmıştır. Böylece, yargıyı da kontrol altına almaya çalışmış ve işlemlerini denetimsiz bırakmıştır.
Bunların da ötesinde Cumhurbaşkanı Said, ayrıca, devrim sürecinde büyük ölçüde uzlaşı ile kabul edilen 2014 Anayasası’nı değiştirmeye girişmiştir. Bu doğrultuda, 25 Temmuz 2022’de gerçekleştirilen düşük katılımlı referandumda yeni anayasa kabul edilmiştir. Said, ülkeyi Aralık 2022’de yapılması planlanan seçimlere kadar yöneteceğini ilan etmiştir.
Bu çalışmada, Cumhurbaşkanı Kays Said’in olağanüstü hal tedbirlerinin Anayasa’ya uygun olup olmadığı değerlendirilmiştir. Akabinde Said’in 2022 Anayasası gerek yapım süreci gerek içerik açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak Said, Tunus’un 2014 Anayasası ile elde ettiği birçok kazanımı yok ederek dizginsiz bir başkanlık sistemi yürürlüğe koymuştur.

Keywords

Tunus, Cumhurbaşkanı Kays Said, 2014 Anayasası, olağanüstü hal, 2022 Anayasa referandumu.

TUNUSIAN PRESIDENT KAIS SAIED’S CONSTITUTIONAL POLITICS: CONSTITUTIONAL REFERANDUM OF 2022

Abstract

Tunisia has been shown as the only country that is considered relatively successful among the Arab Spring countries. However, the constitutional politics implemented by President Kais Saied since July 2022 has shown that constitutional and political gains in Tunusia are also controversial and fragile.
As a result of popular protests held for economic and political reasons in 25 July 2021, President Kais Saied has taken state of emergency measures based on Article 80 of the 2014 Constitution. In this direction, By suspending the legislature and dismissing the Prime Minister, he gathered all legislative and executive powers under his responsibility. In the following months, he started to abolish the basic institutions of the state, such as the Supreme Judicial Council, and provisional Constitutional Court. Therefore, Thus, he tried to control the judiciary and left his actions unchecked.
Saied also attempted to amend the 2014 Constitution, which was accepted by consensus during the revolution process. In this direction, the new constitution was adopted in the low-participation referendum held on 25 July 2022. Said declared that he would rule the country until the elections scheduled for December 2022.
In this study, it has been evaluated whether President Kais Saied's state of emergency measures are compatable with the Constitution. Subsequently, Said's 2022 Constitution was evaluated in terms of both the making process and the content. As a result, Said put into effect an unfettered presidential system by destroying many of Tunisia's gains with the 2014 Constitution.

Keywords

Tunisia, President Kais Saied, Tunusian Constitution of 2014, state of emergency, Constitutional referandum of 2022.

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