ÇAD GÖLÜ HAVZASI’NDA RADİKALLEŞME VE ISWAP’A KATILIM DİNAMİKLERİ

Öz

Bu çalışma Afrika-Çad Gölü Havzasında, radikal bir örgüt olan ISWAP’a katılımın temel dinamiklerini eleştirel bir yaklaşım ile ele almayı hedeflemiştir. Bu katılım süreci Randy Borum’un dört aşamalı radikalleşme modeli üzerinden analiz edilmiştir. Afrika Çad Gölü Havzası başta sömürgecilik olmak üzere iklimin de negatif çarpan etkisi ile kronik savunmasızlığa açık hale gelmiştir. Bölgenin kırılgan ve gözenekli yapısı; yoksulluk, genç nüfus arasında yükselen işsizlik, kabileler arası mücadele, merkezi otorite tarafından dışlanmışlık, askeri müdahaleler gibi içsel, sömürgecilik gibi dışsal gerekçelerle terör örgütlerinin odağı haline dönüşmüştür. Bu kırılganlık bölgedeki gözenekli yapıyı belirginleştirmiş, ISWAP gibi radikal örgütlere, bölge içi derinleşme ve genişleme fırsatı sunmuştur. DEAŞ’ın Batı Afrika temsilcisi olarak varlığını ilan eden ISWAP bu gerekçe ile DEAŞ’ın küresel bağlantı ağını ve popülaritesini kullanma hakkını elde etmiş ve örgüte Batı Afrika eyaletlerine yayılma olanağı sunmuştur. Sonuç olarak ISWAP bölgede etkinliğini derinleştirmek ve örgüte katılımı arttırmak için bölgenin mücadele ettiği problemleri birer taraftar toplama stratejisine dönüştürmüş ve bu süreçte dini argümanları hem motivasyon hem de meşrulaştırma dayanağı olarak kullanmıştır. Fakat örgüte katılımın temel dayanağını dini gerekçelerden ziyade iktisadi, siyasi ve toplumsal temeller oluşturmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• ISWAP
• Çad Gölü Havzası
• Radikalleşme
• Sahel Bölgesi
• Eleştirel Teori

DYNAMICS OF RADICALIZATION AND PARTICIPATION IN ISWAP IN THE LAKE CHAD BASIN

Abstract

This study aims to critically examine the basic dynamics of joining ISWAP, a radical organization in the Africa-Chad Lake Basin. This recruitment process is analyzed through Randy Borum's four-stage radicalization model. The African Chad -Lake region has become vulnerable to chronic vulnerability due to colonialism and the negative multiplier effect of climate. The fragile and porous structure of the region has become the focus of terrorist organizations due to internal reasons such as poverty, rising unemployment among the young population, inter-tribal struggle, exclusion by the central authority, military interventions and external reasons such as colonialism. This fragility has accentuated the porous structure of the region and provided a window of opportunity for radical organizations such as ISWAP to deepen and expand within the region. By declaring its existence as the West African representative of DAESH, ISWAP gained the right to exploit DAESH's global network of connections and popularity, allowing the organization to expand into West African states. In conclusion, in order to deepen its influence in the region and increase recruitment, ISWAP has turned the region's problems into a recruitment strategy and used religious arguments as both motivation and legitimization in this process. However, the main basis for joining the organization is based on economic, political and social grounds rather than religious reasons.

Keywords

• ISWAP
• Sahel Region
• Radicalization
• Lake Chad Basin
• Critical Theory

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