KUZEY AFRİKA ÖRNEĞİNDE FRANSA'NIN AFRİKA SÖMÜRGE POLİTİKALARI

Year 2023, , 47 - 63, 29.12.2023

Mohamed Abdelrhman Mohamed Ali

https://doi.org/10.54132/akaf.1393086

Abstract

Fransa, 18. ve 20. yüzyıllar arasında Afrika'da büyük bir sömürge imparatorluğu kurmuştur. Fransa'nın bir devlet olarak birçok tarihsel gelişme geçirmesi ve dolayısıyla sömürge yöntemlerini etkilemesi nedeniyle Fransız Sömürgeciliği kendine özgü bir zihniyete sahipti. Böylece, çalışma, Kuzey Afrika'yı örnek olay olarak ele alarak Fransız sömürge politikasını, yöntemlerinin genel belirleyicilerini belirleyerek özet olarak incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma, Fransız sömürgeciliğinin tarihine ve Fransız sömürgeciliğinin felsefesine kısa bir bakışla başlamaktadır. Daha sonra çalışma, bu sömürge tarzlarının pratik bir örneği olarak Kuzey Afrika'yı bir çalışma vakası olarak kısaca gözden geçirmektedir. Makale boyunca, çalışma, Fransız sömürgeciliğinin İngilizlere kıyasla daha doğrudan ve şiddet içeren olduğu sonucuna ulaşmak için, çalışmanın tüm kapsamını genelleştirmek amacıyla tarihsel yaklaşımı ve özelden genele ve çalışma örneğinden çıkarımları kullanmaktadır. Ancak Fransız sömürgeciliği bazı bölgelerde hâlâ İngiliz yöntemlerinden etkileniyordu ve Kuzey Afrika da bunlardan biri. Üstelik Fransız sömürgeciliği, özellikle Fransız Devrimi'nden sonra, daha çok bu kolonilerin Fransa'nın anavatanının bir parçası haline getirilmesi fikrine dayanıyordu.

Keywords

Sömürgecilik, Fransız Sömürge İmparatorluğu, Francizasyon Politikası, Frankofon

FRANCE'S AFRICAN COLONIAL POLICIES IN THE EXAMPLE OF NORTH AFRICA

Abstract

Between the 18th and the 20th century, France built a great colonial empire in Africa. The French Colonization had its authentic mentality since France as a state passed many historical developments, which consequently affected its colonial methods. The study aims to review summarily the French colonial policy by identifying general determinants for its methods by taking North Africa as a study case. The study starts with a brief look at the history of French colonialism and the philosophy of French colonialism. Then, the study reviews North Africa as a study case briefly as a practical example of those colonial styles. Throughout the essay, the study uses the historical approach and deduction from specific to general, and from the study case to generalize the whole scope of the study, in order to reach the result that the French colonization was more direct and violent compared to the British one. However, the French colonization was still influenced by the British methods in some areas, and North Africa is one of them. Moreover, the French colonization was based more on the idea of making those colonies part of the homeland of France, especially after the French Revolution.

Keywords

Colonialism, French Colonial Empire, Francization Policy, Francophone

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