Short Communication: Sudan

Abstract

Sudan officially is known as the Republic of the Sudan. It is the third largest country on the African continent (1,861,484 km2 or 718,723 mi2) after Algeria and Democratic Republic of the Congo and also the third-largest in the Arab world [1,2,3]. The last Population and Housing Census was carried out in 2008 and, since then, the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) extrapolates the country’s population size using specific growth rates at State level. The total population in mid‑2020 is officially forecast at 44.4 million [4]. Only 25 percent of the population live in cities or towns; the remaining 75 percent are rural [5]. Sudan is located in Northeast Africa and borders on Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, South Sudan, the Cen-tral African Republic, Chad and Libya (Fig. 1). Around 580 ethnic groups live in the 18 states [1,2,3], with approximately 70 languages spoken [6], but Sudanese Arabic is the most widely spoken and shared language in the country. Arabic and English both are being the official languages [7,8]. Since 2008, the government in Sudan had adopted the two-day week end, namely Friday and Saturday.

Keywords

• Sudan
• History of Sudan
• Life in Sudan

Short Communication: Sudan

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sudan
• History of Sudan

References

1. 1. Ritter C. (2015). In book: Encyclopedia of Tourism, Chapter: Sudan, tourism, Publisher: Springer International Publishing, Editors: J. Jafari, H. Xiao. pp. 3-4.
2. 2. Hale, S. 2009 Locating Sudan Studies: A Context. Urban Anthropology and Studies of Cul-tural Systems and World Economic Development 38:1-32.
3. 3. The World Factbook: Sudan". The World Factbook. U.S. Central Intelligence Agen-cy. ISSN 1553-8133. Retrieved 10 July 2011.
4. 4. FAO. 2020. Special Report - 2019 FAO Crop and Food Supply Assessment Mission to the Sudan. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/ca7787en
5. 5. countries and their cultures, Sudan. https://www.everyculture.com/Sa-Th/Sudan.html
6. 6. Sudan (Republic of Sudan) Country Study Guide Volume 1 Strategic Information and De-velopments, Volume 1. World Business and Investment Library. IBP, Inc. © Lulu.com, Wash-ington DC, USA., 2017.
7. 7. Gordon, Raymond G., Jr. (ed.), 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th ed. Dallas: SIL International. Online version: "Languages of Sudan"
8. 8. Woodward, J. C., Macklin, M. G., Krom, M. D., Williams, M. A. J., & Gupta, A. (Ed.) (2007). The Nile: Evolution, Quaternary Environments and Material Fluxes. In Large Rivers: Geomor-phology and Management (pp. 261-292). Chichester: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

9. 9. Rudolf Carl Freiherr von Slatin; Sir Francis Reginald Wingate (1896). Fire and Sword in the Sudan. E. Arnold. Retrieved 26 June 2013.
10. 10. Stanford J. Shaw and Ezel Kural Shaw. History of the ottoman empire and modern Turkey. Volume II: Reform, Revolution, and Republic: The Rise of Modern Turkey, 1808-1975. Cam-bridge University Press, New York, USA, 2005.
11. 11. Senay GB, Velpuri NM, Bohms S, Demissie Y, Gebremichael M. (2014): Understanding the hydrologic sources and sinks in the Nile Basin using multisource climate and remote sens-ing data sets, Water Resour. Res., 50, 8625–8650
12. 12. "Geography of Sudan". Sudan Embassy in London. 2nd. Archived from the original on 30 September 2005.
13. 13. Mohammed Sadig Ismail. Arab waters and future wars. 1st ed. 2012. Al-Arabi for publication and distribution, Cairo, Egypt. pp. 47-48. (In Arabic)
14. 14. Mutua F. M., Mtalo F. and Bauwens W. (2006). Challenges of Modeling the Flows of the Nile River. Nile Initiative 2006 513RAB2042_finalreport. pp 20-21.
15. 15. Fadlalla, Babo & Ahmed,(1997). Sudan Country Paper: Livestock production systems in Sudan-research needs and priorities.
16. 16. Browne, Angela (1991). Female Education in Sub‐Saharan Africa: The Key to Development? "Female Education in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Key to Development?". Comparative Educa-tion. 27 (3): 275–285.
17. 17. The World Factbook: Sudan". The World Factbook. U.S. Central Intelligence Agen-cy. ISSN 1553-8133. Retrieved 10 July 2011
18. 18. "Sudan country profile". Library of Congress Federal Research Division. December 2004. Retrieved 31 May 2013.
19. 19. "Economy". Government of South Sudan. 20 October 2009. Archived from the original on 13 July 2011.
20. 20. Gettleman, Jeffrey (24 October 2006). "War in Sudan? Not Where the Oil Wealth Flows". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 May 2010.
21. 21. Mahgoub F (2014). Current status of agriculture and future challenges in Sudan. Nordiska Afrika institute, Uppsala Sweden. Lightning Source UK Ltd.
22. 22. Wilson RT (2018) Livestock in the Republic of the Sudan: Policies, production, problems and possibilities. Anim Husb Dairy Vet Sci 2: DOI:10.15761/AHDVS.1000142.
23. 23. Morales HC. A case study of a dust storm weather situation in the Sudan in April 1973. pure and applied geophysics. 1980 May 1;119(3):658-76.
24. 24. Kormyševa ĖE. Gods and divine symbols of the ancient Sudanese civilization: Catalogue of the Sudan National Museum in Khartoum. Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Orien-tal Studies; 2006.
25. 25. Tourism in Sudan, 2017. https://torisuminsudanblog.wordpress.com/
26. 26. Vail JR. Jebel Marra, a dormant volcano in Darfur Province, western Sudan. Bulletin Volcan-ologique. 1972 Mar 1;36(1):251-65.
27. 27. Breen C, Forsythe W, Smith L, Mallinson M. (2011): Excavations at the medieval Red Sea port of Suakin, Sudan. Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa. 46(2):205-20.
28. 28. Edwards DN. (2007): The archaeology of Sudan and Nubia. Annu. Rev. Anthropol. 36:211-28.
29. 29. Nayer A, Abbas F, Abbas A. Reviving Sudan’s Ancient History and Tourism. In Conservation of Architectural Heritage 2019 (pp. 125-134). Springer, Cham.
30. 30. Berry La Verle (2015): Area handbook Series: Sudan- a country study. Fedral Research Divi-sion. Library of Congress. Fifth edition, First printing 2015.
31. 31. Sudan’s transport system a key cog in economic development. https://www.leadingedgeguides.com/guide-sudan-2016-transport-economic-development/
32. 32. Report on Sudan, beyond Common Perceptions. Electronic edition of the special country report on Sudan published in Far Eastern Economic Review. The Wall Street Journal. 2002. www.winne.com
33. 33. Crossing the Bayuda desert by Camel in northern Sudan. Distinctive African travel. https://journeysbydesign.com/experiences/camels-across-the-bayuda
34. 34. Buhalis, D. (2000): Marketing the competitive destination of the future. Tourism Management 21(1): 97-116.