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Transatlantik Köle Ticaretine Dair Bir Analiz: Gorée ve Saint Louis Köle Ticareti

Year 2020, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 32 - 42, 30.06.2020

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı 18. yy. köle limanları olan Gorée ve Saint Louis’in transatlantik köle ticaretindeki rolünü açığa çıkararak Senegambiya ve Afrika üzerindeki etkilerini analiz etmektir. 15. ve 19.yy. arasında etkinliğini sürdüren transatlantik köle ticareti, köleleştirilmiş milyonlarca Afrikalının deniz aşırı gemi seyahatleri vasıtasıyla kıtalarından koparılıp Yeni Dünya’ya özellikle de Güney Amerika’ya şeker kamışı plantasyonlarında köle olarak çalıştırılmak üzere zorla götürülmesidir. Özellikle Afrika’nın iç kesimlerinden çoğunlukla da Kongo, Mozambik, Angola gibi ülkelerden kaçırılarak ya da esir alınarak getirilen Afrikalılar, Batı Afrika’da Senegambiya bölgesi kıyılarında bulunan Gorée ve Saint Louis adlı adalara getirilerek tutsak edildikleri köle evlerinde gemilerle Atlantik okyanusuna doğru bir yolculuğa çıkıncaya kadar esir olarak bekletilmektedirler. Stratejik konumları sebebiyle zamanının en önemli köle ticaret limanları olan bu adalar günümüzde Afrika köle ticaretinin izlerini halen taşımakta. Bugün Unesco dünya mirası sayılan Gorée adası ise, Atlantik köle ticareti döneminden kalan köle evleri ve Afrika kıtasından son çıkışı temsil eden ünlü dönüşü olmayan kapısıyla her yıl milyonlarca turistin ilgisini cezbetmekte. Tarihsel bağlamda ise, Batı Afrika ve Atlantik dünyası arasında köle ticareti köprüsü konumunda olan bu iki liman günümüzün Amerika’sının ve Avrupa’sının şekillenmesinde de etkili olmuştur.

References

  • Acemoglu, D., S. Johnson & J. Robinson (2001). The colonial origins of comparative development: an empirical ınvestigation. American Economic Review, XCI, 1369– 1401
  • Aksoy, E. (2019). Afrika’da misyonerlik çalışmaları ve sömürgecilik. AHBV Akdeniz Havzası ve Afrika Medeniyetleri Dergisi, 1(1),11-22.
  • Barry, B. (1998). Senegambia and the atlantic slave trade. New York:Cambridge University Press
  • Brooks, G. E. (1976) The signares of saint-louis and gorée: women entrepreneurs in eighteenth-century Senegal. In Women in Africa: Studies in Social and Economic Change, edited by Nancy J. Hafkin and Edna G. Bay. California: Stanford University Press.
  • Curtin, D. P. (1969). The Atlantic slave trade: A Census. Madison:Wisconsin
  • Curtin, D. P.(1975) Economic change in precolonial Africa : Senegambia in the era of the slave trade. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press
  • Eltis, D. (1979). The british contribution to the transatlantic slave trade. Economic history review, 32, 27-211
  • Eltis, D. (2000). The Rise of African slavery in the Americas. New York: Cambridge University Press
  • Ewald, J (1992) Review Article: Slavery in Africa and the slave trades from Africa. American Historical Review, 97(2), 465-85
  • Everill, B. (2017) All the baubles that they needed: Industriousness and Slavery in Saint- Louis and Gorée . Early American Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 15(4), 714- 739
  • Fage J. D. (1980). Slaves and society in Western Africa, c. 1445— c. 1700. The Journal of African History, 21, 289-310 doi:10.1017/S0021853700018314
  • Green, T. (2012). The Rise of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade in Western Africa, 1300–1589. New York: Cambridge University Press
  • Fage J. D. (1969). Slavery and the slave trade in the context of West African History. The Journal of African History, 10(3), 393-404
  • Fayer, M. J. (2003). African interpreters in Atlantic slave trade. Antropoligical linguistics,45, 281-295
  • Findlay, R. (1990). The trıangular trade and the atlantıc economy of the eıghteenth century: a sımple general equılıbrıum model. Essays in international Finance, 177, 1-44
  • Havik, J. P. (2015). Female Entrepreneurship in West Africa: Trends and Trajctories Early Modern Women. 10(1), 164-177
  • Hinchman, M. (2006). House and Household on Gorée, Senegal, 1758-1837. Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, 65(2), 166-187.
  • Hinchman, M. (2015). Portreit of an island: The arthitecture and material culture of Gorée, Senegal, 1758-1837. Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press
  • Hill, B. & Buckler, J. (1992). A history of World socities, Boston:Houghton Mifflin
  • Inikori, J. (1987). Slavery and the Development of Industrial Capitalism in England In British Capitalism and Caribbean Slavery: The Legacy of Eric Williams, eds. Barbara Solow and Stanley L. Engerman. Cambridge in the Atlantic Slave Trade, Anthropological Linguistics, 45(3), 281-295.
  • Law, R. (1989). Slave-Raiders and Middlemen, Monopolists and Free-Traders: the supply of slaves for the Atlantic trade in Dahomey c. 1715–1850. Journal of African History 30(1), 45-68 doi:10.1017/S0021853700030875
  • Lovejoy,P. E. (1989). The Impact of the Atlantic Slave Trade on Africa: A Review of the Literature. The Journal of African History, 30, 365-394 doi:10.1017/S0021853700024439
  • Oliver, R. & Atmore, A. (2005). Africa since 1800. New York: Cambridge University Press
  • Perbi, A. (May, 2001). Slavery and slave trade in pre colonial Africa, Latin America Studies, Paper presented at Illionis University.
  • Searing, F. J. (1993). West African slavery and Atlantic commerce: The Senegal river valley 1700-1860. New York: Cambridge Univeristy Press
  • Sparks, R. (2014). Where the Negroes Are Masters An African Port in the Era of the Slave Trade. Cambridge: Harvard University Press
  • Kachur, M. (2006). The slave trade. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers:
  • Klein, A. M. (2009). Slaves, Gum, and Peanuts: Adaptation to the End of the Slave Trade in Senegal, 1817-48. The William and Mary Quarterly, 66(4), 895-914.
  • Manning, Patrick.(1990) Slavery and African Life. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • M’Baye, B. (2006). The economic, political and social impact of the Atlantic slave trade on Africa, The European Legacy 11(6), 607-622.
  • Newton, J. (2014). Where the Negroes Are Masters: An African Port in the Era of the Slave Trade. The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 42(2), 371-373.
  • Nunn, N. (2008) The Long Term Effects of Africa's Slave Trades. Quarterly Journal of Economics 123(1), 139-176.
  • Silva, F. R. (2017). The slave trade and the development of the Atlantic Africa port system, 1400s–1800s, 29(1), 138-154
  • Unesco (1985). Gorée island of memories, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
  • Venema, L. B. (1978). The Wolof of Saloum: social structure and rural development in Senegal, Wageningen: Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation
  • Walvin, J. (1983). Slavery and the Slave Trade A Short Illustrated History. London: The Macmillan Press
  • Ze Winters, L. (2016). The Mulatta Concubine: Terror, Intimacy, Freedom, and Desire in the Black Transatlantic. Georgia:University of Georgia Press
Year 2020, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 32 - 42, 30.06.2020

Abstract

References

  • Acemoglu, D., S. Johnson & J. Robinson (2001). The colonial origins of comparative development: an empirical ınvestigation. American Economic Review, XCI, 1369– 1401
  • Aksoy, E. (2019). Afrika’da misyonerlik çalışmaları ve sömürgecilik. AHBV Akdeniz Havzası ve Afrika Medeniyetleri Dergisi, 1(1),11-22.
  • Barry, B. (1998). Senegambia and the atlantic slave trade. New York:Cambridge University Press
  • Brooks, G. E. (1976) The signares of saint-louis and gorée: women entrepreneurs in eighteenth-century Senegal. In Women in Africa: Studies in Social and Economic Change, edited by Nancy J. Hafkin and Edna G. Bay. California: Stanford University Press.
  • Curtin, D. P. (1969). The Atlantic slave trade: A Census. Madison:Wisconsin
  • Curtin, D. P.(1975) Economic change in precolonial Africa : Senegambia in the era of the slave trade. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press
  • Eltis, D. (1979). The british contribution to the transatlantic slave trade. Economic history review, 32, 27-211
  • Eltis, D. (2000). The Rise of African slavery in the Americas. New York: Cambridge University Press
  • Ewald, J (1992) Review Article: Slavery in Africa and the slave trades from Africa. American Historical Review, 97(2), 465-85
  • Everill, B. (2017) All the baubles that they needed: Industriousness and Slavery in Saint- Louis and Gorée . Early American Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 15(4), 714- 739
  • Fage J. D. (1980). Slaves and society in Western Africa, c. 1445— c. 1700. The Journal of African History, 21, 289-310 doi:10.1017/S0021853700018314
  • Green, T. (2012). The Rise of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade in Western Africa, 1300–1589. New York: Cambridge University Press
  • Fage J. D. (1969). Slavery and the slave trade in the context of West African History. The Journal of African History, 10(3), 393-404
  • Fayer, M. J. (2003). African interpreters in Atlantic slave trade. Antropoligical linguistics,45, 281-295
  • Findlay, R. (1990). The trıangular trade and the atlantıc economy of the eıghteenth century: a sımple general equılıbrıum model. Essays in international Finance, 177, 1-44
  • Havik, J. P. (2015). Female Entrepreneurship in West Africa: Trends and Trajctories Early Modern Women. 10(1), 164-177
  • Hinchman, M. (2006). House and Household on Gorée, Senegal, 1758-1837. Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, 65(2), 166-187.
  • Hinchman, M. (2015). Portreit of an island: The arthitecture and material culture of Gorée, Senegal, 1758-1837. Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press
  • Hill, B. & Buckler, J. (1992). A history of World socities, Boston:Houghton Mifflin
  • Inikori, J. (1987). Slavery and the Development of Industrial Capitalism in England In British Capitalism and Caribbean Slavery: The Legacy of Eric Williams, eds. Barbara Solow and Stanley L. Engerman. Cambridge in the Atlantic Slave Trade, Anthropological Linguistics, 45(3), 281-295.
  • Law, R. (1989). Slave-Raiders and Middlemen, Monopolists and Free-Traders: the supply of slaves for the Atlantic trade in Dahomey c. 1715–1850. Journal of African History 30(1), 45-68 doi:10.1017/S0021853700030875
  • Lovejoy,P. E. (1989). The Impact of the Atlantic Slave Trade on Africa: A Review of the Literature. The Journal of African History, 30, 365-394 doi:10.1017/S0021853700024439
  • Oliver, R. & Atmore, A. (2005). Africa since 1800. New York: Cambridge University Press
  • Perbi, A. (May, 2001). Slavery and slave trade in pre colonial Africa, Latin America Studies, Paper presented at Illionis University.
  • Searing, F. J. (1993). West African slavery and Atlantic commerce: The Senegal river valley 1700-1860. New York: Cambridge Univeristy Press
  • Sparks, R. (2014). Where the Negroes Are Masters An African Port in the Era of the Slave Trade. Cambridge: Harvard University Press
  • Kachur, M. (2006). The slave trade. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers:
  • Klein, A. M. (2009). Slaves, Gum, and Peanuts: Adaptation to the End of the Slave Trade in Senegal, 1817-48. The William and Mary Quarterly, 66(4), 895-914.
  • Manning, Patrick.(1990) Slavery and African Life. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • M’Baye, B. (2006). The economic, political and social impact of the Atlantic slave trade on Africa, The European Legacy 11(6), 607-622.
  • Newton, J. (2014). Where the Negroes Are Masters: An African Port in the Era of the Slave Trade. The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 42(2), 371-373.
  • Nunn, N. (2008) The Long Term Effects of Africa's Slave Trades. Quarterly Journal of Economics 123(1), 139-176.
  • Silva, F. R. (2017). The slave trade and the development of the Atlantic Africa port system, 1400s–1800s, 29(1), 138-154
  • Unesco (1985). Gorée island of memories, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
  • Venema, L. B. (1978). The Wolof of Saloum: social structure and rural development in Senegal, Wageningen: Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation
  • Walvin, J. (1983). Slavery and the Slave Trade A Short Illustrated History. London: The Macmillan Press
  • Ze Winters, L. (2016). The Mulatta Concubine: Terror, Intimacy, Freedom, and Desire in the Black Transatlantic. Georgia:University of Georgia Press
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Hatice Delibaş

Publication Date June 30, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 2 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Delibaş, H. (2020). Transatlantik Köle Ticaretine Dair Bir Analiz: Gorée ve Saint Louis Köle Ticareti. Akdeniz Havzası Ve Afrika Medeniyetleri Dergisi, 2(1), 32-42.

Article acceptance continues for the June 2024 issue.