Bakım Vericilerde Özgecilik Davranışlarının Psikolojik Dayanıklılık ve Bakım Yüküne Etkisi

Öz

ÖZ Amaç: Bu çalışma, kanser hastalarının bakım vericilerinde özgecilik davranışlarının psikolojik dayanıklılık ve bakım yüküne yordayıcı etkisini incelemek amacıyla yapıldı. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Araştırmaya Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hastanesi Hematoloji-Onkoloji Servisi, Gündüz Tedavi Merkezi ve Genel Cerrahi Servisi’nde tedavi gören 194 kanser hastasının 194 bakım vericisi alınmıştır. Çalışmada veri toplama formu olarak, Hasta ve Bakım Verici Tanıtım Formu, Özgecilik Ölçeği (ÖÖ), Yetişkinler İçin Psikolojik Dayanıklılık Ölçeği (YPDÖ) ve Kliniğe Uyarlanan Zarit Bakım Yükü Ölçeği (ZBYÖ) olmak üzere dört veri toplama aracı kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Bakım vericilerin Özgecilik Ölçeği toplam puan ortalaması 74,96±12,02, Yetişkinler İçin Psikolojik Dayanıklılık Ölçeği toplam puan ortalaması 129,86±23,72 ve Zarit Bakıcı Yük Ölçeği toplam puan ortalaması 30,20±13,05 olarak bulunmuştur. Bakım vericilerin; özgecilik ölçeği puanları ile psikolojik dayanıklılık ölçeği puanları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve pozitif yönlü bir ilişki bulunmuştur (p<0,01). Özgecilik davranışı puanlarında meydana gelen artışın psikolojik dayanıklılık puanını artırdığı saptanmıştır (p<0,05). Bakım vericilerde meydana gelen psikolojik dayanıklılık düzeyindeki değişimin %24,1’inin bakım vericilerin özgecilik davranışları düzeyinde meydana gelen değişimden kaynaklandığı tespit edilmiştir. Bakım vericilerin Özgecilik Ölçeği puanları ile Zarit Bakım Yükü Ölçeği puanları arasında ise istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve negatif yönlü bir ilişki bulunmuştur (p<0,01). Özgecilik davranışı puanlarında oluşan bir artışın bakım yükü düzeyinde azalmaya neden olduğu saptanmıştır (p<0,05). Bakım vericilerin bakım yükü düzeyinde meydana gelen değişimin %13,2’sinin bakım vericilerin özgecilik davranışları düzeyinde meydana gelen değişimden kaynaklandığı tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç: Kanser hastalarının bakım vericilerinde özgecilik davranışlarının psikolojik dayanıklılık düzeyini artırdığı, bakım yükü düzeyini ise azalttığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Hemşireler bakım vericilerin etkin bakım vermelerinde önemli rolü bulunan özgecilik davranışlarının bakım vericilerde görülmesinde etkin rol alabilirler.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• bakım vericiler
• özgecilik
• psikolojik dayanıklılık
• bakım yükü

The Effect of Altruistic Behaviors on Psychological Resilience and Care Burden in Caregivers

Abstract

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the predictive effect of altruistic behaviors on psychological resilience and care burden in caregivers of cancer patients. Matherials and Methods: The study consisted of 194 caregivers of 194 patients with cancer who were treated at the Hematology-Oncology Service, Day Treatment Center and General Surgery Service of Dokuz Eylül University Hospital. The study data were collected by using four data collection tools, namely Patient and Caregiver Information Form, Altruism Scale, Resilience Scale for Adults, and Clinically Adapted Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale. The mean score of caregivers was 74.96±12.02 on the total Altruism Scale, 129.86±23.72 on the total Resilience Scale for Adults and 30.20±13.05 on the total Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale. Results: A statistically significant and positive correlation was found between caregivers’ scores on the altruism scale and resilience scale (p<0.01). The increase in altruistic behavior scores increased the resilience score (p<0.05). It was found that 24.1% of the variance in the level of caregivers’ resilience was caused by the variance in the level of their altruistic behavior. A statistically significant and negative correlation was found between caregivers' scores on the Altruism Scale and the Zarit Care Burden Scale (p<0.01). An increase in altruistic behavior scores caused a decrease in the level of caregiver burden (p<0.05). It was determined that 13.2% of the variance in the level of caregivers’ care burden was caused by the variance in their altruistic behavior. Conclusion: It was concluded that altruistic behaviors in caregivers of patients with cancer increased psychological resilience and reduced the burden of care. Nurses can take on an active role in increasing altruistic behavior that has an important role in the provision of effective care by caregivers.

Keywords

• caregivers
• care burden
• psychological resilience
• altruism

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