Mutfak Çalışanlarında Ergonomik Risk Faktörleri, Kas İskelet Sistemi Problemleri ve Fiziksel İş Yükünün İncelenmesi

Öz

Amaç: Mutfak çalışanlarında kas iskelet sistemi problemlerinin görülme oranı oldukça yüksektir. Mutfak çalışanlarının yüksek fiziksel iş yükü, düşük fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri, ergonomik olmayan çalışma koşulları ve iş stresi gibi faktörler bu yüksek prevalans ile ilişkilidir. Bu nedenle, çalışmamızın amacı mutfak çalışanlarında ergonomik risk faktörleri, kas iskelet sistemi problemleri ve fiziksel iş yükünü araştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışma, Kasım 2022 ile Şubat 2023 tarihleri arasında çeşitli yemekhane, restoran ve kafe mutfaklarında çalışan 87 katılımcı ile yürütülen kesitsel bir çalışmadır. Bireylerin demografik bilgileri ve ergonomik risk faktörleri sorgulandı. “Fiziksel İş Yükü Anketi” ile fiziksel iş yükleri, “İskandinav Kas İskelet Sistemi Anketi” ile kas iskelet sistemi problemleri sorgulandı. Bulgular: Ortanca meslek süresi 5,00 (2,00-15,00) yıl ve ortanca günlük çalışma süresi 9,00 (8,00-10,00) saatti. Mutfak çalışanlarını en çok rahatsız eden ergonomik risk faktörleri sırasıyla stres, sıcak çalışma ortamı ve kapalı alan olmuştur. Mutfak çalışanlarının hem son 12 ayda hem de son 7 günde en çok kas iskelet sistemi problemi yaşadığı vücut bölgeleri sırasıyla bel, sırt, boyun ve omuzdu. Mutfak çalışanları mesleklerine göre fiziksel iş yükü düzeyi açısından karşılaştırıldığında gruplar arasında anlamlı fark gözlenmedi (p=0.257). Sonuç: Mutfak çalışanları kas-iskelet sistemi rahatsızlıkları açısından yüksek risk altındadır. Mutfak çalışanlarında kas-iskelet sistemi sorunları riskini azaltmak için çalışma ortamının ergonomik risk değerlendirmesi, ergonomik eğitim ve dinlenme molaları gibi müdahalelere ihtiyaç vardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Mutfak çalışanları
• kas iskelet sistemi problemleri
• fiziksel iş yükü
• ergonomik risk faktörleri

Investigation of Ergonomic Risk Factors, Musculoskeletal System Problems, and Physical Workload in Kitchen Workers

Abstract

Objective: The prevalence of musculoskeletal problems in kitchen workers is quite high. Factors such as the high physical workload of kitchen workers, low physical activity levels, non-ergonomic working conditions and job stress have been associated with this high prevalence. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate ergonomic risk factors, musculoskeletal system problems, and physical workload in kitchen workers. Material and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted between November 2022 and February 2023 with 87 participants working in various dining hall, restaurant and cafe kitchens. Participants were asked about their demographic information and ergonomic risk factors. Physical workload was assessed using the Physical Workload Questionnaire and musculoskeletal problems were assessed using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. Results: The median length of occupation was 5.00 (2.00-15.00) years and the median daily working time was 9.00 (8.00-10.00) hours. The ergonomic risk factors that bothered the kitchen workers the most were stress, hot working environment and closed area, respectively. The parts of the body where kitchen workers had the most musculoskeletal problems, both in the last 12 months and in the last 7 days, were the low back, upper back, neck and shoulders. When comparing the physical workload of kitchen workers according to their occupation, there was no significant difference between the groups (p=0.257). Conclusion: Kitchen workers are at high risk of musculoskeletal disorders. Interventions such as ergonomic risk assessment of the work environment, ergonomic training and rest breaks are needed to reduce the risk of musculoskeletal problems in kitchen workers.

Keywords

• Kitchen workers
• musculoskeletal problems
• physical workload
• ergonomic risk factors

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