İnsan Beyninde Erişkin Hipokampal Nörogenez

Abstract

Doğumdan sonra, nöron üretiminin olduğunun ilk defa gösterilmesinden yaklaşık yarım asır sonra, son 30 yılda erişkin nörogenez alanında binlerce makale yayınlanmıştır. On yıllar süren araştırmalar neticesinde, fare ve sıçan gibi sık kullanılan laboratuvar hayvanlarında erişkin hipokampal nörogenezin (EHN) gerçekleştiği ve fonksiyonel önemi bilinmektedir. Ancak insan beyninde EHN’nin işleyişi ile ilgili bilgi seviyesi oldukça zayıftır. Doğum sonrasında insan beyninde nöron üretimi olup olmadığı ve var ise bunların hipokampal fonksiyonlarla ve hastalıklarla ilişkileri çok az düzeyde bilinmektedir. Bu derleme yazısında, erişkin hipokampal nörogenez hakkında araştırmalar gerçekleştirmeyi planlayan, konuyla yeni tanışmış araştırmacılara hücresel, moleküler, histolojik, davranışsal ve türler arasında karşılaştırma anlamında elde edilmiş olan bilgiler derlenerek sunulmuştur.

Keywords

• Hipokampus
• Erişkin hipokampal nörogenez
• Nöronal farklılaşma

Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Human Brain

Abstract

Nearly half a century after the first demonstration of neuron production in the postnatal brain, similar to that occurring during fetal development, thousands of articles in the field of adult neurogenesis have been published in the last 30 years. As a result of decades of efforts, it is now clear that there is adult hippocampal neurogenesis in experimental animals such as mice and rats. However, the knowledge regarding adult hippocampal neurogenesis in the human brain is at a level that can only argue whether there are post-mitotic neurons and similar neuron-like cells. Yet, there is no full consensus on whether there is continuous neuron production in the human brain from birth to death and there is still much to learn whether those neurons are relevant to human hippocampal functions and diseases. In this review article, a summary regarding the cellular, molecular, histological, behavioral and interspecies comparison behind adult hippocampal neurogenesis and its relevance to the human brain is provided to researchers who are new to the subject.

Keywords

• Hippocampus
• Adult hippocampal neurogenesis
• Neuronal differentiation

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