ÇOCUKLUK ÇAĞI HİPERTANSİYONUNA GÜNCEL BİR BAKIŞ

Öz

Erişkin çağda hipertansiyon, genel populasyonun büyük bir kısmını etkileyen bir sağlık sorunudur. Çocukluk çağında daha nadir olduğu bilinmekle beraber pediatrik hipertansiyon özellikle son yıllarda giderek önem kazanmış ve ciddi bir sağlık sorunu haline gelmiştir. Çocuk ve ergenlerde artan obezite salgını ile beraber hipertansiyon prevalansında artış meydana gelmektedir. Hipertansiyon, vücuttaki birçok metabolik bozukluğa ve erişkin çağ hipertansiyonuna yol açabileceğinden önlenme ve tedavisi çok önemlidir. Çocuklarda normal kan basıncı değerleri yaşa, cinsiyet ve boya göre değişir; bu nedenle, çocuklarda hipertansiyonun nasıl teşhis edilip tedavi edileceğine dair artan farkındalık, giderek artan bu yaygın durumla mücadele etmek için gereklidir. Hipertansiyon tedavisi için farmakolojik yöntemler ve yaşam tarzı değişikliklerini içeren nonfarmakolojik tedavi yöntemleri uygulanmaktadır. Beslenme yönetimi, fiziksel aktivite, obezlerde ağırlık kaybı gibi yaşam tarzı değişiklikleri hem farmakolojik hem de nonfarmakolojik tedavi sırasında hipertansiyonun kontrol alınmasına yardımcı olur. Obez hipertansiyonlu çocuklarda fiziksel aktivitenin de artırılması yoluyla ağırlık kaybının kan basıncı değerlerinde düşüşler sağlayacağı belirtilmektedir. Çocuk ve ergenlerde tuz tüketimi sınırlandırılmalıdır. Akdeniz tipi diyet ve DASH(Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension) diyeti uygulanarak çocuk ve adölesanların yeterli mineral ve vitaminleri almaları ve yağ tüketiminin azaltılmasıyla sağlıklı beslenmeleri sağlanarak hipertansiyon kontrol altına alınabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kan Basıncı
• Hipertansiyon
• Pediatrik HT
• Adölesan
• Beslenme

A CURRENT VIEW OF CHILDHOOD HYPERTENSION

Abstract

Hypertension in adulthood is a health problem affecting a large part of the general population. Although it is known to be rare in childhood, pediatric hypertension has become increasingly important especially in recent years and has become a serious health problem. The prevalence of hypertension increases with increasing obesity epidemic in children and adolescents. Because hypertension can cause many metabolic disorders in the body and adult hypertension, prevention and treatment is very important. Normal blood pressure values in children vary according to age, sex and height; therefore, increased awareness of how to diagnose and treat hypertension in children is necessary to tackle this increasingly common condition. For the treatment of hypertension nonpharmacological methods including pharmacological methods and lifestyle changes are applied. Lifestyle changes such as nutritional management, physical activity, weight loss in obese help control hypertension during both pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatment. It is stated that weight loss will decrease blood pressure values by increasing physical activity in children with obese hypertension. Salt consumption in children and adolescents should be limited. Hypertension can be brought under control by following the Mediterranean diet and DASH (Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension) diet, ensuring that children and adolescents receive healthy minerals by getting enough minerals and vitamins and reducing their fat consumption.

Keywords

• Blood Pressure
• Hypertension
• Pediatric HT
• Adolescent
• Nutrition

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