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Kardiyopulmoner Bypass Sırasında Açığa Çıkan Mediatörler ve Bunların Solunum Fonksiyonlarına Etkisi

Year 2017, Volume: 3 Issue: 3, 177 - 184, 01.01.2017

Abstract

Amaç: Kalp-akciğer makinesi, kalp cerrahisinin gelişiminde son derece önemli bir rol oynamakla beraber özellikle akciğerler üzerindeki olumsuz etkileri kullanımını kısıtlamaktadır. Ortaya çıkan postperfüzyon sendromu ya da tüm vücut inflamatuvar cevabı uzun süre yoğun bakım desteği gerektirmektedir. Bazı olgularda, bu durum çoklu organ yetmezliklerine ve hatta ölüme bile neden olabilmektedir. Bu inflamatuvar cevabın araştırılması ve nedenlerinin ortaya koyulması koroner arter bypass greftlemesi KABG yapılan olgularda en önemli noktalardan birisidir.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Kalp Damar Cerrahisi Kliniğinde, kardiyopulmoner bypass KPB uygulanarak KABG yapılan 25 hasta kontrol grubuna, KPB uygulanmadan KABG operasyonu yapılan 10 hasta ise çalışma grubuna dahil edildi. Hastalarda plazmada vasküler endotelial growth faktör VEGF ve elastaz seviyeleri ölçüldü. Solunum fonksiyon testi ile FEV1, FVC değerleri preoperatif ve postoperatif dönemlerde değerlendirildi. Böylece KPB’ın akciğerler ve solunum fonksiyonları üzerine etkileri araştırıldı. Bulgular: KPB yapılan hastalarda anlamlı şekilde daha fazla olmak üzere postoperatif dönemde pompa kalış süresi ve aort klemp süresi uzun olan hastalarda elastaz düzeylerinde anlamlı bir artış olduğu gözlenmiştir. Aynı inflamatuvar yanıtta görevli VEGF değerinde ise anlamlı bir artış izlenmemiştir. FEV1 ve FVC değerlerinin ise tüm gruplarda düştüğü ve istatistiksel olarak anlamsız olduğu görülmüştür.Sonuç: Postoperatif elastaz düzeyindeki artış torasik komplikasyonların görülme olasılığını artıracağından dolayı, pompada kalış süresi, KPB süresi ve aort klemp süresinin kısa tutulması olabildiğince kısa tutulması gerekmektedir

References

  • Demirkılıç U. Extrakorporal dolaşım. In: Demirkılıç U ed. Kalp ve Damar Cerrahisi. Ankara: Eflatun Yayınevi 2008:122-84.
  • Alat I, Bayındır Ü, Özkısacık E, Taşbakan S, Sarıbülbül O, Büket S , Tahir Yağdı T, Yüksel M. Kardiyopulmoner bypass uygulanan olgularda bronkoalveoler lavaj sıvısının pH değişimleri. Toraks Dergisi 2005;6:51-6.
  • Bando K, Pillai R, Cameron DE, Brawn JD, Winkelstein JA, Hutchins GM, Reitz BA, Baumgartner WA. Leukocyte depletion ameliorates free radical-mediated lung injury after cardiopulmonary bypass. J Thorac Cardiovasculer Surg 1990;99:873-7.
  • Kirklin JK, Westbay S, Blackstone EH, Kirklin JW, Cheoweth DE, Pacifico AD. Coplement and damaging effects of cardioplmonary bypass. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1983;86:845-57.
  • Oliver MF, Bühling F, Täger M, Frass H, Ansorge S, Huth C, Welte T. Antioxidant and antiprotease status in peripheral blood and BAL fluid after cardiopulmonary bypass. Chest 2001;120;1599-608.
  • Halliwel B, Gutteridge JM. Oxygen toxicity, oxygen radicals, transition metals and disease. Biochem J 1984;219:1-14.
  • Till GO, Hatherill JR, Tourtellotte WW, Lutz MJ, Ward PA. Lipid peroxidation and acute lung injury after thermal trauma to skin. Evidence of a role for hydroxyl radical. Am J Pathol 1985;119:376-84.
  • Çimen F, Ulubaş B, Eryılmaz T, Bilgin G. Sigara içenlerde lipid peroksidasyonu, antioksidan aktivite ve solunum fonksiyon testleri. Türkiye Klinikleri Tıp Bilimleri 2002;22:292-6.
  • Wright JL, Tai H, Churg A. Cigarette smoke induces persisting increases of vasoactive mediators in pulmonary arteries. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2004;31:501-9.
  • Shapiro SD, Goldstein NM, HoughtonAM, Kobayashi DK, Kelley D, Belaaouaj A. Neutrophil elastase contributes to cigarette smoke-induced emphysema in mice. American Journal of Pathology 2003; 163(6): 2329- 35.
  • Ogushi F, Hubbard R.C, Vogelmeier C, Fells G.A, Crystal R.G. Risk factors for emphysema. Cigarette smoking is associated with a reduction in the association rate constant of lung alpha 1-antitrypsin for neutrophil elastase. J Clin Invest 1991;87:1060-5.
  • Serraf A, Aznag H, Baudet B, Detruit H, Seccatore F, Mazmanian MG, Planche C. Pulmonary vascular endothelial growth factor and nitric oxide interaction during total cardiopulmonary bypass in neonatal pigs. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2003;125:1050-7.
  • Onorati F, Rubino A.S, Nucera S, Foti D, Sica V, Santini F, et al. Off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery versus standard linear or pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass: endothelial activation and inflammatory response. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2010;37:897-904.
  • Montes FR, Maldonado JD, Paez S, Ariza F. Off-pump versus on-pump coronary artery bypass surgery and postoperative pulmonary dysfunction. J Cardiothorac 2004;18:698-703.
  • Haeffener MP, Fereira GM, Baretto SSM, Arena R, DalPAgo P. Incentive spirometry with expiratory positive airway pressure reduces pulmonary complications, improves pulmonary function and 6-minute walk distance in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Am Heart J 2008;156:900.el-900.e8.

During Cardiopulmonary Bypass Release of Mediators and Their Effect on Pulmonary Function

Year 2017, Volume: 3 Issue: 3, 177 - 184, 01.01.2017

Abstract

Objective: The heart-lung machine, while playing an extremely important role in the development of cardiac surgery in particular restricts the use of negative effects on the lungs. The resulting postperfusion syndrome or inflammatory response of the body requires a long period of intensive care. In some cases, this may even lead to multiple organ failure or even death. This inflammatory response causes the investigation and to manifest coronary artery bypass grafting CABG is one of the most important points made in the case.Material and Methods: In the Cardiovascular Surgery Clinic, cardiopulmonary bypass CPB is applied to a control group of 25 patients CABG, coronary artery bypass surgery without CPB implementation of the 10 patients were enrolled into the study. Patients, plasma vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF and elastase levels were measured. Pulmonary function test with FEV1, FVC values were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively. Thus, we investigated the effects of CPB on the lungs and respiratory function.Results: CPB significantly more in patients, including patients with longer duration pump and postoperative aortic clamp time was observed a significant increase in elastase levels. a significant increase in the official value of VEGF in the same inflammatory response was observed. If the FEV1 and FVC values decreased in all groups and was found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: Postoperative increase in elastase levels, because it will increase the incidence of thoracic complications, duration of pump Shorter duration of CPB and aortic clamp time should be kept as short as possible

References

  • Demirkılıç U. Extrakorporal dolaşım. In: Demirkılıç U ed. Kalp ve Damar Cerrahisi. Ankara: Eflatun Yayınevi 2008:122-84.
  • Alat I, Bayındır Ü, Özkısacık E, Taşbakan S, Sarıbülbül O, Büket S , Tahir Yağdı T, Yüksel M. Kardiyopulmoner bypass uygulanan olgularda bronkoalveoler lavaj sıvısının pH değişimleri. Toraks Dergisi 2005;6:51-6.
  • Bando K, Pillai R, Cameron DE, Brawn JD, Winkelstein JA, Hutchins GM, Reitz BA, Baumgartner WA. Leukocyte depletion ameliorates free radical-mediated lung injury after cardiopulmonary bypass. J Thorac Cardiovasculer Surg 1990;99:873-7.
  • Kirklin JK, Westbay S, Blackstone EH, Kirklin JW, Cheoweth DE, Pacifico AD. Coplement and damaging effects of cardioplmonary bypass. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1983;86:845-57.
  • Oliver MF, Bühling F, Täger M, Frass H, Ansorge S, Huth C, Welte T. Antioxidant and antiprotease status in peripheral blood and BAL fluid after cardiopulmonary bypass. Chest 2001;120;1599-608.
  • Halliwel B, Gutteridge JM. Oxygen toxicity, oxygen radicals, transition metals and disease. Biochem J 1984;219:1-14.
  • Till GO, Hatherill JR, Tourtellotte WW, Lutz MJ, Ward PA. Lipid peroxidation and acute lung injury after thermal trauma to skin. Evidence of a role for hydroxyl radical. Am J Pathol 1985;119:376-84.
  • Çimen F, Ulubaş B, Eryılmaz T, Bilgin G. Sigara içenlerde lipid peroksidasyonu, antioksidan aktivite ve solunum fonksiyon testleri. Türkiye Klinikleri Tıp Bilimleri 2002;22:292-6.
  • Wright JL, Tai H, Churg A. Cigarette smoke induces persisting increases of vasoactive mediators in pulmonary arteries. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2004;31:501-9.
  • Shapiro SD, Goldstein NM, HoughtonAM, Kobayashi DK, Kelley D, Belaaouaj A. Neutrophil elastase contributes to cigarette smoke-induced emphysema in mice. American Journal of Pathology 2003; 163(6): 2329- 35.
  • Ogushi F, Hubbard R.C, Vogelmeier C, Fells G.A, Crystal R.G. Risk factors for emphysema. Cigarette smoking is associated with a reduction in the association rate constant of lung alpha 1-antitrypsin for neutrophil elastase. J Clin Invest 1991;87:1060-5.
  • Serraf A, Aznag H, Baudet B, Detruit H, Seccatore F, Mazmanian MG, Planche C. Pulmonary vascular endothelial growth factor and nitric oxide interaction during total cardiopulmonary bypass in neonatal pigs. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2003;125:1050-7.
  • Onorati F, Rubino A.S, Nucera S, Foti D, Sica V, Santini F, et al. Off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery versus standard linear or pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass: endothelial activation and inflammatory response. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2010;37:897-904.
  • Montes FR, Maldonado JD, Paez S, Ariza F. Off-pump versus on-pump coronary artery bypass surgery and postoperative pulmonary dysfunction. J Cardiothorac 2004;18:698-703.
  • Haeffener MP, Fereira GM, Baretto SSM, Arena R, DalPAgo P. Incentive spirometry with expiratory positive airway pressure reduces pulmonary complications, improves pulmonary function and 6-minute walk distance in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Am Heart J 2008;156:900.el-900.e8.
There are 15 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Seçil Sarı This is me

Hakan Keskin This is me

Makbule Ergin This is me

Saadet Gümüşlü This is me

Mehmet Şahin This is me

Gizem Esra Genç This is me

Cemal Kemaloğlu This is me

Abdullah Erdoğan This is me

Publication Date January 1, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 3 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Sarı S, Keskin H, Ergin M, Gümüşlü S, Şahin M, Genç GE, Kemaloğlu C, Erdoğan A. Kardiyopulmoner Bypass Sırasında Açığa Çıkan Mediatörler ve Bunların Solunum Fonksiyonlarına Etkisi. Akd Med J. 2017;3(3):177-84.