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Lazer Tedavisine Dirençli Diffüz Diyabetik Maküla Ödemi Olan Olgularda Pars Plana Vitrektomi İnternal Limitan Membran Soyma Cerrahisi Sonrası Fonksiyonel ve Yapısal Değişiklikler

Year 2019, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 215 - 223, 01.01.2019

Abstract

Amaç: Vitreoretinal traksiyonu olmayan lazer fotokoagulasyona dirençli diyabetik maküla ödemi DMÖ olan olgularda pars plana vitrektomi PPV internal limitan mebran ILM soyma operasyonunun morfolojik ve fonksiyonel etkilerini değerlendirmek. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Ocak 2004-Ağustos 2009 tarihleri arasında Akdeniz Üniversitesi Hastanesinde klinik olarak anlamlı DMÖ tanısı ile PPV +/- ILM soyma operasyonu yapılmış, postoperatif dönemde 12 ay takip edilmiş 71 hastanın 86 gözü retrospektif olarak incelendi. Hastalar ILM soyma yapılan Grup 1 ve ILM soyma yapılmayan Grup 2 olarak iki gruba ayrıldı. Olgular kendi arasında da IS/ OS bandında bozulmaya göre IS/OS + ve IS/OS - olarak iki gruba ayrıldı. Operasyondan önceki bir ay içinde ve operasyondan sonraki 6. hafta, 3-6 ve 12. aylarda yapılan tam oftalmolojik muayene, Optik kohorens tomografi OKT ve mikroperimetri testleri değerlendirildi. P değerinin 0,05’in altında olması anlamlı olarak kabul edildi. Bulgular: 71 hastanın 86 gözü 39 kadın, 32 erkek çalışmaya alındı. Hastaların ortalama yaşı 55,1 ± 13,3 idi. 8 erkek ve 7 kadın hastanın her iki gözü çalışmaya alındı. Ortalama diyabet süresi 14,9 ± 7,1 yıl idi. Operasyondan önceki ortalama DMÖ süresi 6,3 ± 2,1 ay 5-14 ay idi. Maküler ödem nedeni ile yapılan en son lazer tedavisi operasyondan ortalama 6,1 ay 3-7 ay önce idi. Operasyon sonrası takip süresi 13 ile 21 ay 13,6 ± 2,7 ay arasında idi. Takiplerde logMAR ile ölçülen görme keskinliği Grup 1 ve Grup 2’de anlamlı olarak 3. ve 6. ayda değişmeye başladı p

References

  • 1. Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE, Davis MD, DeMets DL: The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy. II. Prevalence and risk of diabetic retinopathy when age at diagnosis is less than 30 years. Arch Ophthalmol 1984;102:520-6.
  • 2. Brown DM, Nguyen QD, Marcus DM, Boyer DS, Patel S, Feiner L, Schlottmann PG, Rundle AC, Zhang J, Rubio RG, Adamis AP, Ehrlich JS, Hopkins JJ; RIDE and RISE Research Group Long-term outcomes of ranibizumab therapy for diabetic macular edema: the 36-month results from two phase III trials: RISE and RIDE. Ophthalmology. 2013;120(10):2013-22.
  • 3. Do DV, Nguyen QD, Boyer D, Schmidt-Erfurth U, Brown DM, Vitti R, Berliner AJ, Gao B, Zeitz O, Ruckert R, Schmelter T, Sandbrink R, Heier JS; da Vinci Study Group One-year outcomes of the da Vinci Study of VEGF Trap-Eye in eyes with diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology 2012;119(8):1658-65.
  • 4. Arevalo JF, Fromow-Guerra J, Quiroz-Mercado H, Sanchez JG, Wu L, Maia M, Berrocal MH, Solis-Vivanco A, Farah ME; Pan-American Collaborative Retina Study Group Primary intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) for diabetic macular edema: Results from the Pan-American Collaborative Retina Study Group at 6-month follow-up. Ophthalmology 2007;114(4):743-50.
  • 5. Sultan MB, Zhou D, Loftus J, Dombi T, Ice KS; Macugen 1013 Study Group A phase 2/3, multicenter, randomized, double-masked, 2-year trial of pegaptanib sodium for the treatment of diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology. 2011;118(6):1107-18.
  • 6. Michaelides M, Kaines A, Hamilton RD, Fraser-Bell S, Rajendram R, Quhill F, Boos CJ, Xing W, Egan C, Peto T, Bunce C, Leslie RD, Hykin PG. A prospective randomized trial of intravitreal bevacizumab or laser therapy in the management of diabetic macular edema (BOLT study) 12-month data: Report 2. Ophthalmology 2010;117(6):1078-86.
  • 7. Elman MJ, Qin H, Aiello LP, Beck RW, Bressler NM, Ferris FL, III, Glassman AR, Maturi RK, Melia M. Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network Intravitreal ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema with prompt versus deferred laser treatment: Three-year randomized trial results. Ophthalmology 2012;119(11):2312-8.
  • 8. Lewis H, Abrams GW, Blumenkranz MS, Campo RV. Vitrectomy for diabetic macular traction and edema associated with posterior hyaloidal traction. Ophthalmology 1992;99(5):753-9.
  • 9. van Effenterre G, Guyot-Argenton C, Guiberteau B, Hany I, Lacotte JL. Macular edema caused by contraction of the posterior hyaloid in diabetic retinopathy. Surgical treatment of a series of 22 cases. J Fr Ophtalmol 1993;16(11):602-10.
  • 10. Harbour JW, Smiddy WE, Flynn HW, Jr Rubsamen PE. Vitrectomy for diabetic macular edema associated with a thickened and taut posterior hyaloid membrane. Am J Ophthalmol 1996;121(4):405-13.
  • 11. Pendergast SD, Hassan TS, Williams GA, Cox MS, Margherio RR, Ferrone PJ, Garretson BR, Trese MT. Vitrectomy for diffuse diabetic macular edema associated with a taut premacular posterior hyaloid. Am J Ophthalmol 2000;130(2):178-86.
  • 12. Haller JA, Qin H, Apte RS, Beck RR, Bressler NM, Browning DJ, Danis RP, Glassman AR, Googe JM, Kollman C, Lauer AK, Peters MA, Stockman ME. Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network Writing Committee Vitrectomy outcomes in eyes with diabetic macular edema and vitreomacular traction. Ophthalmology 2010;117(6):1087-93.
  • 13. Thomas D, Bunce C, Moorman C, Laidlaw DA. A randomised controlled feasibility trial of vitrectomy versus laser for diabetic macular oedema. Br J Ophthalmol 2005;89(1):81-6.
  • 14. Bahadir M, Ertan A, Mertoğlu O. Visual acuity comparison of vitrectomy with and without internal limiting membrane removal in the treatment of diabetic macular edema. Int Ophthalmol 2005;26(1-2):3-8.
  • 15. Bardak Y, Cekiç O, Tiğ SU. Comparison of ICG-assisted ILM peeling and triamcinolone-assisted posterior vitreous removal in diffuse diabetic macular oedema. Eye (Lond) 2006;20(12):1357-9.
  • 16. Doi N, Sakamoto T, Sonoda Y, Yasuda M, Yonemoto K, Arimura N, Uchino E, Ishibashi T. Comparative study of vitrectomy versus intravitreous triamcinolone for diabetic macular edema on randomized paired-eyes. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2012;250(1):71-8.
  • 17. Figueroa MS, Contreras I, Noval S. Surgical and anatomical outcomes of pars plana vitrectomy for diffuse nontractional diabetic macular edema. Retina 2008;28(3):420-6.
  • 18. Hoerauf H, Brüggemann A, Muecke M, Lüke J, Müller M, Stefánsson E, Hammes HP, Weiss C. Pars plana vitrectomy for diabetic macular edema. Internal limiting membrane delamination vs posterior hyaloid removal. A prospective randomized trial. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2011;249(7):997-1008.
  • 19. Kumar A, Sinha S, Azad R, Sharma YR, Vohra R. Comparative evaluation of vitrectomy and dye-enhanced ILM peel with grid laser in diffuse diabetic macular edema. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2007;245(3):360-8.
  • 20. Patel JI, Hykin PG, Schadt M, Luong V, Bunce C, Fitzke F, Gregor ZJ. Diabetic macular oedema: Pilot randomised trial of pars plana vitrectomy vs macular argon photocoagulation. Eye (Lond) 2006;20(8):873-81.
  • 21. Liu DC, Wu H, Yang HQ. Clinical observation of vitrectomy for treatment of diffuse nontraditional diabetic macular edema. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2011;47(6):492-6.
  • 22. Özdemir H. Optik Koherens Tomografi. TıbbiRetina. 1. Baskı. İstanbul: Türk Oftalmoloji Derneği EğitimYayınları, 2009;21-36.
  • 23. Şentürk F. Maküla ödeminin mikroperimetri ile değerlendirilmesi.Türkiye Klinikleri J OphthalmolSpecial Topics 2013;6(1):31-6.
  • 24. Wild S, Roglic G, Green A, King H. Global prevalence of diabetes: estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diabetes Care 2004;27:1047-53.
  • 25. Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE, Cruickshanks KJ. The Wisconsin epidemiologic study of diabetic retinopathy XV: The long-term incidence of macular edema. Ophthalmology 1995;102:7-16.
  • 26. Javitt JC, Canner JK, Sommer A. Cost effectiveness of current approaches to the control of retinopathy in type I diabetes. Ophthalmology 1989;96:255-64.
  • 27. Nasrallah FP, Jalkh AE, Van Coppenolle F, Kado M, Trempe CL, McMeel JW, Schepens CL. The role ofn the vitreous in diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology 1988;95:1335-9.
  • 28. Hikichi T, Fujio N, Akiba J, Azuma Y, Takahashi M, Yoshida A. Association between the short-term natural history of diabetic macular edema and thevitreomacular relationship in type II diabetes mellitus. Ophthalmology 1997;104:473-8.
  • 29. Frank RN. Etiologic mechanism in diabetic retinopathy. In: Ryan SJ ed. Retina, 3th ed. St. Louis, Mosby, 2001.
  • 30. Jumper MJ, Embabi SN, Toth CA, McCuen B W II, Hatchell D l Electron immunocytochemical analysis of posterior hyaloid associated with diabetic macular edema. Retina 2000;20:63-8.
  • 31. Lewis H. The role of vitrectomy in the treatment of diabetic macular edema. Am J Ophthalmol 2001;131:123-5.
  • 32. Stefánsson E, Novack RL, Hatchell DL.Vitrectomy prevents retinal hypoxia in branch retinal vein occlusion. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1990;31:284-9.
  • 33. Otani T, Kishi S. Tomographic assessment of vitreous surgery for diabetic macular edema. Am J Ophthalmol 2000;129:487-94.
  • 34. Bill A. Ocular circulation. In: Moses RA ed. Adler’s Physiology of the eye: Clinical Application, 7th ed. St Louis; CV Mosby, 1981;193.
  • 35. Gandorfer A, Messmer EM, Ulbig MW, Kampik A. Resolution of diabetic macular edema after surgical removal of the posterior hyaloid and the innerlimiting membrane. Retina 2000;20:126-33.
  • 36. Tachi N, Ogino N. Vitrectomy for diffuse macular edema in cases of diabetic retinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol 1996;122:258-60.
  • 37. La Heij EC, Hebdrikse F, Kessels AGH, Derhaag PJ. Vitrectomy results in diabetic macular oedema without evident vitreomacular traction. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2001; 239: 264-70.
  • 38. Yamamato T, Hitani K, Sato Y, Yamashita H, Takeuchi S. Vitrectomy for diabetic macular edema with and without internal limiting membrane removal. Ophthalmologica 2005;219:206-13.
  • 39. Yanyalı A, Horozoğlu F, Celik E, Ercallık Y, Nohutcu AF. Pars plana vitrectomy and removal of the internal limiting membrane in diabetic macular edema unresponsive to grid laser photocoagulation. Eur J Ophthalmol 2006;16:573- 81.
  • 40. Hartley KL, Smiddy WE, Flynn HW Jr, Murray TG. Pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling for diabetic macular edema. Retina 2008;28:410-19.
  • 41. Kadonosono K, Itoh N, Ohno S. Perifoveal microcirculation before and after vitrectomy for diabetic cystoid macular edema. Am J Ophthalmol 2000;130:740- 4.
  • 42. Kojima T, Terasaki H, Nomura H, Suzuki T, Mori M, Ito Y, Miyake Y. Vitrectomy for diabetic macular edema: effect of glycemic control (HbA(1c)), renal function (creatinine) and other local factors. Ophthalmic Res 2003; 35:192-8.
  • 43. Sakamoto A, Nishijima K, Kita M, Oh H, Tsujikawa A, Yoshimura N. Association between foveal photoreceptor status and visual acuity after resolution of diabetic macular edema by pars plana vitrectomy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2009;247:1325-30.
  • 44. Lardenoye CW, Probst K, DeLint PJ, Rothova A. Photoreceptor function in eyes with macular edema. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2000;41:4048-53.
  • 45. Hudson C, Flanagan JG, Turner GS, Chen HC, Young LB, McLeod D. Influence of laser photocoagulation for clinically significant diabetic macular oedema (DMO) on short-wavelength and conventional automated perimetry. Diabetologia 1998;41:1283-92.

Functional and Morphological Changes After Pars Plana Vitrectomy with Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling in Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema Refractory to Laser Photocoagulation

Year 2019, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 215 - 223, 01.01.2019

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the morphological and functional effects of vitrectomy and ILM removal in eyes with diffuse diabetic macular edema DME and with no vitreomacular traction refractory to macular laser photocoagulation. Material and Methods: Between January 2004 and August 2009, 86 eyes of 71 patients who underwent PPV / - ILM peeling operation with clinical diagnosis of DME and followed up for 12 months postoperatively were evaluated retrospectively. The patients were divided into two groups as ILM peeling Group 1 and ILM peeling Group 2 . The patients were divided into two groups as IS / OS + and IS / OS - according to the IS / OS band deterioration. Complete ophthalmologic examination, optical coherence tomography OCT and microperimetry tests were performed within one month before the operation and at 6 weeks, 3-6 and 12 months after the operation. P value below 0.05 was considered significant.Results: Overall, 86 eyes of 71 patients 39 women and 32 men were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 55.1± 13.3 years range, 31- 82 years . The mean duration of diabetes was 14.9 ± 7.1 years. The mean duration of DME prior to surgery was 6.3 ± 2.1 months 5-14 months . The latest laser treatment due to macular edema was an average of 6.1 months 3-7 months before surgery. The follow-up period after surgery was between 13 and 21 months 13.6 ± 2.7 months . Follow-up logMAR vision of Group 1 and Group 2 started to change significantly at the 3 month and 6 month exams, respectively p

References

  • 1. Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE, Davis MD, DeMets DL: The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy. II. Prevalence and risk of diabetic retinopathy when age at diagnosis is less than 30 years. Arch Ophthalmol 1984;102:520-6.
  • 2. Brown DM, Nguyen QD, Marcus DM, Boyer DS, Patel S, Feiner L, Schlottmann PG, Rundle AC, Zhang J, Rubio RG, Adamis AP, Ehrlich JS, Hopkins JJ; RIDE and RISE Research Group Long-term outcomes of ranibizumab therapy for diabetic macular edema: the 36-month results from two phase III trials: RISE and RIDE. Ophthalmology. 2013;120(10):2013-22.
  • 3. Do DV, Nguyen QD, Boyer D, Schmidt-Erfurth U, Brown DM, Vitti R, Berliner AJ, Gao B, Zeitz O, Ruckert R, Schmelter T, Sandbrink R, Heier JS; da Vinci Study Group One-year outcomes of the da Vinci Study of VEGF Trap-Eye in eyes with diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology 2012;119(8):1658-65.
  • 4. Arevalo JF, Fromow-Guerra J, Quiroz-Mercado H, Sanchez JG, Wu L, Maia M, Berrocal MH, Solis-Vivanco A, Farah ME; Pan-American Collaborative Retina Study Group Primary intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) for diabetic macular edema: Results from the Pan-American Collaborative Retina Study Group at 6-month follow-up. Ophthalmology 2007;114(4):743-50.
  • 5. Sultan MB, Zhou D, Loftus J, Dombi T, Ice KS; Macugen 1013 Study Group A phase 2/3, multicenter, randomized, double-masked, 2-year trial of pegaptanib sodium for the treatment of diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology. 2011;118(6):1107-18.
  • 6. Michaelides M, Kaines A, Hamilton RD, Fraser-Bell S, Rajendram R, Quhill F, Boos CJ, Xing W, Egan C, Peto T, Bunce C, Leslie RD, Hykin PG. A prospective randomized trial of intravitreal bevacizumab or laser therapy in the management of diabetic macular edema (BOLT study) 12-month data: Report 2. Ophthalmology 2010;117(6):1078-86.
  • 7. Elman MJ, Qin H, Aiello LP, Beck RW, Bressler NM, Ferris FL, III, Glassman AR, Maturi RK, Melia M. Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network Intravitreal ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema with prompt versus deferred laser treatment: Three-year randomized trial results. Ophthalmology 2012;119(11):2312-8.
  • 8. Lewis H, Abrams GW, Blumenkranz MS, Campo RV. Vitrectomy for diabetic macular traction and edema associated with posterior hyaloidal traction. Ophthalmology 1992;99(5):753-9.
  • 9. van Effenterre G, Guyot-Argenton C, Guiberteau B, Hany I, Lacotte JL. Macular edema caused by contraction of the posterior hyaloid in diabetic retinopathy. Surgical treatment of a series of 22 cases. J Fr Ophtalmol 1993;16(11):602-10.
  • 10. Harbour JW, Smiddy WE, Flynn HW, Jr Rubsamen PE. Vitrectomy for diabetic macular edema associated with a thickened and taut posterior hyaloid membrane. Am J Ophthalmol 1996;121(4):405-13.
  • 11. Pendergast SD, Hassan TS, Williams GA, Cox MS, Margherio RR, Ferrone PJ, Garretson BR, Trese MT. Vitrectomy for diffuse diabetic macular edema associated with a taut premacular posterior hyaloid. Am J Ophthalmol 2000;130(2):178-86.
  • 12. Haller JA, Qin H, Apte RS, Beck RR, Bressler NM, Browning DJ, Danis RP, Glassman AR, Googe JM, Kollman C, Lauer AK, Peters MA, Stockman ME. Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network Writing Committee Vitrectomy outcomes in eyes with diabetic macular edema and vitreomacular traction. Ophthalmology 2010;117(6):1087-93.
  • 13. Thomas D, Bunce C, Moorman C, Laidlaw DA. A randomised controlled feasibility trial of vitrectomy versus laser for diabetic macular oedema. Br J Ophthalmol 2005;89(1):81-6.
  • 14. Bahadir M, Ertan A, Mertoğlu O. Visual acuity comparison of vitrectomy with and without internal limiting membrane removal in the treatment of diabetic macular edema. Int Ophthalmol 2005;26(1-2):3-8.
  • 15. Bardak Y, Cekiç O, Tiğ SU. Comparison of ICG-assisted ILM peeling and triamcinolone-assisted posterior vitreous removal in diffuse diabetic macular oedema. Eye (Lond) 2006;20(12):1357-9.
  • 16. Doi N, Sakamoto T, Sonoda Y, Yasuda M, Yonemoto K, Arimura N, Uchino E, Ishibashi T. Comparative study of vitrectomy versus intravitreous triamcinolone for diabetic macular edema on randomized paired-eyes. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2012;250(1):71-8.
  • 17. Figueroa MS, Contreras I, Noval S. Surgical and anatomical outcomes of pars plana vitrectomy for diffuse nontractional diabetic macular edema. Retina 2008;28(3):420-6.
  • 18. Hoerauf H, Brüggemann A, Muecke M, Lüke J, Müller M, Stefánsson E, Hammes HP, Weiss C. Pars plana vitrectomy for diabetic macular edema. Internal limiting membrane delamination vs posterior hyaloid removal. A prospective randomized trial. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2011;249(7):997-1008.
  • 19. Kumar A, Sinha S, Azad R, Sharma YR, Vohra R. Comparative evaluation of vitrectomy and dye-enhanced ILM peel with grid laser in diffuse diabetic macular edema. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2007;245(3):360-8.
  • 20. Patel JI, Hykin PG, Schadt M, Luong V, Bunce C, Fitzke F, Gregor ZJ. Diabetic macular oedema: Pilot randomised trial of pars plana vitrectomy vs macular argon photocoagulation. Eye (Lond) 2006;20(8):873-81.
  • 21. Liu DC, Wu H, Yang HQ. Clinical observation of vitrectomy for treatment of diffuse nontraditional diabetic macular edema. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2011;47(6):492-6.
  • 22. Özdemir H. Optik Koherens Tomografi. TıbbiRetina. 1. Baskı. İstanbul: Türk Oftalmoloji Derneği EğitimYayınları, 2009;21-36.
  • 23. Şentürk F. Maküla ödeminin mikroperimetri ile değerlendirilmesi.Türkiye Klinikleri J OphthalmolSpecial Topics 2013;6(1):31-6.
  • 24. Wild S, Roglic G, Green A, King H. Global prevalence of diabetes: estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diabetes Care 2004;27:1047-53.
  • 25. Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE, Cruickshanks KJ. The Wisconsin epidemiologic study of diabetic retinopathy XV: The long-term incidence of macular edema. Ophthalmology 1995;102:7-16.
  • 26. Javitt JC, Canner JK, Sommer A. Cost effectiveness of current approaches to the control of retinopathy in type I diabetes. Ophthalmology 1989;96:255-64.
  • 27. Nasrallah FP, Jalkh AE, Van Coppenolle F, Kado M, Trempe CL, McMeel JW, Schepens CL. The role ofn the vitreous in diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology 1988;95:1335-9.
  • 28. Hikichi T, Fujio N, Akiba J, Azuma Y, Takahashi M, Yoshida A. Association between the short-term natural history of diabetic macular edema and thevitreomacular relationship in type II diabetes mellitus. Ophthalmology 1997;104:473-8.
  • 29. Frank RN. Etiologic mechanism in diabetic retinopathy. In: Ryan SJ ed. Retina, 3th ed. St. Louis, Mosby, 2001.
  • 30. Jumper MJ, Embabi SN, Toth CA, McCuen B W II, Hatchell D l Electron immunocytochemical analysis of posterior hyaloid associated with diabetic macular edema. Retina 2000;20:63-8.
  • 31. Lewis H. The role of vitrectomy in the treatment of diabetic macular edema. Am J Ophthalmol 2001;131:123-5.
  • 32. Stefánsson E, Novack RL, Hatchell DL.Vitrectomy prevents retinal hypoxia in branch retinal vein occlusion. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1990;31:284-9.
  • 33. Otani T, Kishi S. Tomographic assessment of vitreous surgery for diabetic macular edema. Am J Ophthalmol 2000;129:487-94.
  • 34. Bill A. Ocular circulation. In: Moses RA ed. Adler’s Physiology of the eye: Clinical Application, 7th ed. St Louis; CV Mosby, 1981;193.
  • 35. Gandorfer A, Messmer EM, Ulbig MW, Kampik A. Resolution of diabetic macular edema after surgical removal of the posterior hyaloid and the innerlimiting membrane. Retina 2000;20:126-33.
  • 36. Tachi N, Ogino N. Vitrectomy for diffuse macular edema in cases of diabetic retinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol 1996;122:258-60.
  • 37. La Heij EC, Hebdrikse F, Kessels AGH, Derhaag PJ. Vitrectomy results in diabetic macular oedema without evident vitreomacular traction. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2001; 239: 264-70.
  • 38. Yamamato T, Hitani K, Sato Y, Yamashita H, Takeuchi S. Vitrectomy for diabetic macular edema with and without internal limiting membrane removal. Ophthalmologica 2005;219:206-13.
  • 39. Yanyalı A, Horozoğlu F, Celik E, Ercallık Y, Nohutcu AF. Pars plana vitrectomy and removal of the internal limiting membrane in diabetic macular edema unresponsive to grid laser photocoagulation. Eur J Ophthalmol 2006;16:573- 81.
  • 40. Hartley KL, Smiddy WE, Flynn HW Jr, Murray TG. Pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling for diabetic macular edema. Retina 2008;28:410-19.
  • 41. Kadonosono K, Itoh N, Ohno S. Perifoveal microcirculation before and after vitrectomy for diabetic cystoid macular edema. Am J Ophthalmol 2000;130:740- 4.
  • 42. Kojima T, Terasaki H, Nomura H, Suzuki T, Mori M, Ito Y, Miyake Y. Vitrectomy for diabetic macular edema: effect of glycemic control (HbA(1c)), renal function (creatinine) and other local factors. Ophthalmic Res 2003; 35:192-8.
  • 43. Sakamoto A, Nishijima K, Kita M, Oh H, Tsujikawa A, Yoshimura N. Association between foveal photoreceptor status and visual acuity after resolution of diabetic macular edema by pars plana vitrectomy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2009;247:1325-30.
  • 44. Lardenoye CW, Probst K, DeLint PJ, Rothova A. Photoreceptor function in eyes with macular edema. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2000;41:4048-53.
  • 45. Hudson C, Flanagan JG, Turner GS, Chen HC, Young LB, McLeod D. Influence of laser photocoagulation for clinically significant diabetic macular oedema (DMO) on short-wavelength and conventional automated perimetry. Diabetologia 1998;41:1283-92.
There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Meryem Güler Alış This is me

Yusuf Akar This is me

Abdulkadir Alış This is me

Publication Date January 1, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 5 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Güler Alış, M., Akar, Y., & Alış, A. (2019). Lazer Tedavisine Dirençli Diffüz Diyabetik Maküla Ödemi Olan Olgularda Pars Plana Vitrektomi İnternal Limitan Membran Soyma Cerrahisi Sonrası Fonksiyonel ve Yapısal Değişiklikler. Akdeniz Tıp Dergisi, 5(2), 215-223.