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The Effect of Social Isolation on Nutritional Habits, Diet Quality, Lifestyle Changes and Obesity in Children in the Covid-19 Pandemic

Year 2023, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 15 - 22, 01.01.2023
https://doi.org/10.53394/akd.959674

Abstract

Aim: This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the effects of social isolation on children's nutritional habits, diet quality, lifestyle changes, and obesity during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Material and methods: This study was conducted on 222 (110 boys and 112 girls) children and adolescents aged 6-18 years who were forced to quarantine themselves at home. A web-based survey was used to obtain study data. Children and adolescents were asked about their demographic characteristics, eating habits, the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED), sleep duration, screen time, physical activity status and anthropometric measurements (body weight and height).
Results: It was found that children's screen time and sleep duration increased in both gender and percentage of doing physical activity decreased during the pandemic. Body weight and body mass index of children increased mean 1.5±2.21 kg and 0.6±0.91 kg/m2 respectively. The mean KIDMED score of children was 6.4±2.37 and more than half of children complianced with Mediterranean diet moderately during the pandemi period. It was determined that children consumed more snacks (sweet and salty), dessert and pastry products than before the pandemic period, but some healthy eating habits such as vegetables, fruits, nuts, and oilseed consumption increased during the pandemic.
Conclusion: Children’s increased weight gain, changed eating habits and physical activity may be associated with increased the time spent at home due to social isolation during the pandemic period. For this reason, frequent monitoring and evaluation of the nutritional status of children during the Covid-19 lockdown is very important for public health authorities to make future policies on children’s nutritional recommendations when new pandemics arrive and lockdown policies are implemented.

References

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  • 2. Cucinotta D, Vanelli M. WHO declares COVID-19 a pandemic. Acta bio-medica: Atenei Parmensis 2020;91,157-60.
  • 3. Covid-19 Salgın Yönetimi ve Çalışma Rehberi. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Covid-19 Bilgilendirme Platformu, 2020 (https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/).
  • 4.T.C. Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı Covid-19 Rapor Yayın ve Bilgilendirmeler, 2021. (http://covid19.meb.gov.tr/)
  • 5. Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE, Woodland L, Wessely S, Greenberg N,Rubin GJ. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet 2020;395;912-20.
  • 6. Sidor A, Rzymski P. Dietary Choices and Habits during COVID-19 Lockdown: Experience from Poland. Nutrients 2020;2:1657.
  • 7. Di Renzo L, Gualtieri P, Pivari F, Laura Soldati L , Attinà A , Cinelli G, Leggeri C , Caparello G, Barrea L, Scerbo F, Esposito E, Lorenzo A. Eating habits and lifestyle changes during COVID-19 lockdown: an Italian survey. Journal of Translational Medicine 2020;18:1-15.
  • 8. Lana RM, Coelho FC, Gomes MFdC, Cruz OG, Bastos LS, Maciel Villela DA, Codeço CT. The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) emergency and the role of timely and effective national health surveillance. Cadernos de saude publica 2020;36(3)e00019620.
  • 9. Muslu M, Özçelik Ersü D. Yeni Koronavirüs (SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19) Pandemisi Sırasında Beslenme Tedavisi ve Önemi. Beslenme ve Diyet Dergisi 2020;48(1):73-82.
  • 10. Muscogiuri G, Barrea L, Savastano S, Colao A. Nutritional recommendations for CoVID-19 quarantine. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2020;74:850–1
  • 11. Silva AL, Teles J, Fragoso I. Health-related quality of life of Portuguese children and adolescents according to diet quality and food intake. Quality of Life Research 2020;1-11.
  • 12. Serra-Majem L, Ribas L, Ngo J, Ortega RM, Garcia A, Perez-Rodrigo C, Aranceta J. Food, youth and the Mediterranean diet in Spain. Development of KIDMED, Mediterranean Diet Quality Index in children and adolescents. Public Health Nutrition.2004;7:931-5.
  • 13. Kuru Yasar R, Üstün Aytekin Ö. COVID-19 ve Beslenme Arasındaki İlişkiye Güncel Bir Bakış. Akademik Gıda 2021; 19(1):108-15.
  • 14. Medrano M, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Oses M, Arenaza L, Amasene M, Labayen I. Changes in lifestyle behaviours during the COVID-19confinement in Spanish children: A longitudinal analysisfrom the MUGI project. Pediatric Obesity. 2021;16:e12731.
  • 15. World Health Organization Growth reference data for 5-19 years, WHO (https://www.who.int/growthref/who2007_bmi_for_age/en/).
  • 16. World Health Organization Coronovirus (Covid-19) Dashboard, WHO. (https://covid19.who.int/).
  • 17. Pietrobelli A, Pecoraro L, Ferruzzi A, Heo M, Faith M, Zoller T, Antoniazzi F, Piacentini G, Fearnbach SN, Heymsfield SB. Effects of COVID‐19 lockdown on lifestyle behaviors in children with obesity living in Verona, Italy: a longitudinal study. Obesity 2020;28(8):1382-5.
  • 18. Wilde T. Online gaming surge: steam breaks concurrent user record amid socail distancing mandates,2020. https://www.geekwire.com/2020/online-gamingsurge-steam-breaks-concurrent-user-record-amid-social-distancing-mandates/2020
  • 19. Marsh S, Mhurchu CN, Maddison R. The non-advertising effects of screen-based sedentary activities on acute eating behaviours in children, adolescents, and young adults. A systematic review. Appetite 2013;71:259-73.
  • 20. Mitchell J, Pate R, Beets M, Nader P. Time spent in sedentary behavior and changes in childhood BMI: A longitudinal study from ages 9 to 15 years. International Journal of Obesity 2013;37(1):54–60.
  • 21. Cox R, Skouteris H, Rutherford L, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M, Hardy LL. Television viewing, television content, food intake, physical activity and body mass index: A crosssectional study of preschool children aged 2-6 years. Health Promotion Journal of Australia 2012;23(1):58–62.
  • 22. Schaan CW, Cureau FV, Salvo D, Kohl HW, Schaan BD. Unhealthy snack intake modifies the association between screen-based sedentary time and metabolic syndrome in Brazilian adolescents. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 2019;16:115
  • 23. Guo Y, Liao M, Cai W, Yu X, Li S, Ke X, Tan S, Luo Z, Cui Y, Wang Q, Gao X, Liu J, Liu Y, Zhu S, Zeng F. Physical activity, screen exposure and sleep among students during the pandemic of COVID-19. Scientifc Reports 2021; 11:8529
  • 24. Ranjbar K, Hosseinpour H, Shahriarirad R, Ghaem H , Jafari K , Rahimi T , Alireza Mirahmadizadeh A, Hosseinpour P. Students’ attitude and sleep pattern during school closure following COVID-19 pandemic quarantine: a web-based survey in south of Iran. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine 2021;26:33.
  • 25. Rundle AG, Park Y, Herbstman JB, Kinsey EW, Wang YC. COVID-19–Related School Closings and Risk of Weight Gain Among Children. Obesity 2020;28(6):1008-9.
  • 26. Joob B, Wiwanitkit V. COVID‐19, School Closings, and Weight Gain. Obesity 2020;28, 1006.
  • 27. Türkiye’de okul çağı çocuklarında (6-10 yaş grubu) büyümenin izlenmesi (TOÇBİ) projesi araştırma raporu. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Temel Sağlık Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü 2011. Ankara: Sağlık Bakanlığı Yayınları.
  • 28. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Beslenme ve Diyetetik Bölümü. Türkiye Beslenme ve Sağlık Araştırması 2010 Beslenme Durumu ve Alışkanlıklarının Değerlendirilmesi Sonuç Raporu, Ankara: T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Sağlık Araştırmaları Genel Müdürlüğü; 2014.
  • 29. Hilal Ö, Ayse T. Turkey childhood (ages 7–8 ) obesity surveillance initiative (COSI-TUR). Ankara, 2014. http://beslenme.gov.tr/content/files/yayinlar/dis_yayinlar/cosi_ing.pdf.
  • 30. Özcebe H, Bosı TB, Yardım N, Bağcı Bosi AT. Türkiye çocukluk çağı (ilkokul 2. sınıf öğrencilerde) şişmanlık araştırması COSI-TUR 2016, Sağlık Bakanlığı, Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü, Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı, Dünya Sağlık Örgütü Avrupa Bölge Ofisi, Yayın No: 1080, Ankara, 2017
  • 31. Headey DD, Ruel MT. In: Swinnen J, Mcdermott J, eds. The COVID-19 nutrition crisis: What to expect and how to protect. Washington, USA: IFPRI, 2020;38-41.
  • 32. Ruiz-Roso MB, Padilha PdC, Mantilla-Escalante DC, Ulloa N, Brun P, Acevedo-Correa D, Peres WAF, Martorell M, Aires MT , Cardoso LdO, Carrasco-Marín F, Paternina-Sierra K, Rodriguez-Meza JE, Montero PM, Bernabè G, Pauletto A, Taci X , Visioli F, Dávalos A. Covid-19 Confinement and Changes of Adolescent’s Dietary Trends in Italy, Spain, Chile, Colombia and Brazil. Nutrients 2020, 12, 1807
  • 33. Philippe K, Chabanet C, Issanchou S, Monnery-Patris S. Child eating behaviors, parental feeding practices and food shopping motivations during the COVID-19 lockdown in France: (How) did they change? Appetite 2021;161:105132
  • 34. Angelidi AM, Kokkinos A, Katechaki E, Ros E, Mantzoros CS. Metabolism Clinical and Experimental 2021;114:154407
  • 35. Ventura PS, Ortigoza AF, Castillo Y, Bosch Z, Casals S , Girbau C, Siurana JM, Arce A, Torres M, Herrero FJ. Children’s Health Habits and COVID-19 Lockdown in Catalonia: Implications for Obesity and Non-Communicable Diseases. Nutrients 2021;13:1657
  • 36. Mastorci F, Bastiani L, Trivellini G, Doveri C, Casu A, Pozzi M, Marinaro I, Vassalle C, Pingitore A. Well-Being Perception During COVID-19 Pandemic in Healthy Adolescents: Evidence From the Avatar Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021;18:6388.

Covid-19 Pandemisinde Sosyal İzolasyonun Çocuklarda Beslenme Alışkanlıkları, Diyet Kalitesi, Yaşam Tarzı Değişiklikleri ve Obezite Üzerine Etkisi

Year 2023, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 15 - 22, 01.01.2023
https://doi.org/10.53394/akd.959674

Abstract

Amaç: Bu kesitsel çalışmada Covid-19 pandemisinde sosyal izolasyonun çocukların beslenme alışkanlıkları, diyet kalitesi, yaşam tarzı değişiklikleri ve obezite üzerine etkisinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Covid-19 karantina döneminde evde kalma zorunluluğu olan 6-18 yaş arası 222 (110 erkek ve 112 kız) çocuk ve adölesan çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Çalışma verileri web tabanlı anket formu aracılığı ile toplanmıştır. Çocuk ve adölesanların demografik özellikleri, beslenme alışkanlıkları, Akdeniz Diyet Kalite İndeksi (KIDMED), uyku süresi, ekran başında geçirilen süre, fiziksel aktivite durumları ve antropometrik ölçümleri (vücut ağırlığı ve boy uzunluğu) sorgulanmıştır.
Bulgular: Pandemi döneminde çocukların erkan başında geçirdikleri süre ile uyku sürelerinin her iki cinsiyette de arttığı, fiziksel aktivite yapanların oranının azaldığı, çocukların vücut ağırlığının ortalama 1,5±2,21 kg ve beden kütle indekslerinin ise ortalama 0,6±0,91 kg/m2 artış gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Çocukların pandemi döneminde toplam KIDMED skorunun ortalama 6,4±2,37 puan olduğu ve çocukların yarısından fazlasının Akdeniz diyetine uyumlarının orta düzeyde olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu dönemde çocukların pandemi öncesi döneme göre daha fazla çeşit atıştırmalık (tatlı ve tuzlu), tatlı ve hamur işi ürünler tükettikleri, ancak pandemi sırasında sebze, meyve, kuruyemiş ve yağlı tohum tüketimi gibi diğer sağlıklı beslenme alışkanlıklarının da artış gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir.
Sonuç: Pandemi döneminde sosyal izolasyon nedeniyle evde geçirilen sürelerde artış olması çocukların beslenme alışkanlıkları, fiziksel aktivite durumlarında değişim ve vücut ağırlığında artış ile ilişkili olabilir. Bu nedenle sosyal izolasyonun uygulandığı karantina dönemlerinde çocukların beslenme durumlarının sıklıkla izlenmesi ve değerlendirilmesinin toplum sağlığı açısından oluşabilecek başka salgın dönemleri için çocukların beslenmelerine yönelik plan ve politikaların oluşturulmasında önemlidir.

References

  • 1. Wang C, Horby PW, Hayden FG, Gao GF. A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern. The Lancet 2020;395:470-3.
  • 2. Cucinotta D, Vanelli M. WHO declares COVID-19 a pandemic. Acta bio-medica: Atenei Parmensis 2020;91,157-60.
  • 3. Covid-19 Salgın Yönetimi ve Çalışma Rehberi. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Covid-19 Bilgilendirme Platformu, 2020 (https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/).
  • 4.T.C. Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı Covid-19 Rapor Yayın ve Bilgilendirmeler, 2021. (http://covid19.meb.gov.tr/)
  • 5. Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE, Woodland L, Wessely S, Greenberg N,Rubin GJ. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet 2020;395;912-20.
  • 6. Sidor A, Rzymski P. Dietary Choices and Habits during COVID-19 Lockdown: Experience from Poland. Nutrients 2020;2:1657.
  • 7. Di Renzo L, Gualtieri P, Pivari F, Laura Soldati L , Attinà A , Cinelli G, Leggeri C , Caparello G, Barrea L, Scerbo F, Esposito E, Lorenzo A. Eating habits and lifestyle changes during COVID-19 lockdown: an Italian survey. Journal of Translational Medicine 2020;18:1-15.
  • 8. Lana RM, Coelho FC, Gomes MFdC, Cruz OG, Bastos LS, Maciel Villela DA, Codeço CT. The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) emergency and the role of timely and effective national health surveillance. Cadernos de saude publica 2020;36(3)e00019620.
  • 9. Muslu M, Özçelik Ersü D. Yeni Koronavirüs (SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19) Pandemisi Sırasında Beslenme Tedavisi ve Önemi. Beslenme ve Diyet Dergisi 2020;48(1):73-82.
  • 10. Muscogiuri G, Barrea L, Savastano S, Colao A. Nutritional recommendations for CoVID-19 quarantine. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2020;74:850–1
  • 11. Silva AL, Teles J, Fragoso I. Health-related quality of life of Portuguese children and adolescents according to diet quality and food intake. Quality of Life Research 2020;1-11.
  • 12. Serra-Majem L, Ribas L, Ngo J, Ortega RM, Garcia A, Perez-Rodrigo C, Aranceta J. Food, youth and the Mediterranean diet in Spain. Development of KIDMED, Mediterranean Diet Quality Index in children and adolescents. Public Health Nutrition.2004;7:931-5.
  • 13. Kuru Yasar R, Üstün Aytekin Ö. COVID-19 ve Beslenme Arasındaki İlişkiye Güncel Bir Bakış. Akademik Gıda 2021; 19(1):108-15.
  • 14. Medrano M, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Oses M, Arenaza L, Amasene M, Labayen I. Changes in lifestyle behaviours during the COVID-19confinement in Spanish children: A longitudinal analysisfrom the MUGI project. Pediatric Obesity. 2021;16:e12731.
  • 15. World Health Organization Growth reference data for 5-19 years, WHO (https://www.who.int/growthref/who2007_bmi_for_age/en/).
  • 16. World Health Organization Coronovirus (Covid-19) Dashboard, WHO. (https://covid19.who.int/).
  • 17. Pietrobelli A, Pecoraro L, Ferruzzi A, Heo M, Faith M, Zoller T, Antoniazzi F, Piacentini G, Fearnbach SN, Heymsfield SB. Effects of COVID‐19 lockdown on lifestyle behaviors in children with obesity living in Verona, Italy: a longitudinal study. Obesity 2020;28(8):1382-5.
  • 18. Wilde T. Online gaming surge: steam breaks concurrent user record amid socail distancing mandates,2020. https://www.geekwire.com/2020/online-gamingsurge-steam-breaks-concurrent-user-record-amid-social-distancing-mandates/2020
  • 19. Marsh S, Mhurchu CN, Maddison R. The non-advertising effects of screen-based sedentary activities on acute eating behaviours in children, adolescents, and young adults. A systematic review. Appetite 2013;71:259-73.
  • 20. Mitchell J, Pate R, Beets M, Nader P. Time spent in sedentary behavior and changes in childhood BMI: A longitudinal study from ages 9 to 15 years. International Journal of Obesity 2013;37(1):54–60.
  • 21. Cox R, Skouteris H, Rutherford L, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M, Hardy LL. Television viewing, television content, food intake, physical activity and body mass index: A crosssectional study of preschool children aged 2-6 years. Health Promotion Journal of Australia 2012;23(1):58–62.
  • 22. Schaan CW, Cureau FV, Salvo D, Kohl HW, Schaan BD. Unhealthy snack intake modifies the association between screen-based sedentary time and metabolic syndrome in Brazilian adolescents. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 2019;16:115
  • 23. Guo Y, Liao M, Cai W, Yu X, Li S, Ke X, Tan S, Luo Z, Cui Y, Wang Q, Gao X, Liu J, Liu Y, Zhu S, Zeng F. Physical activity, screen exposure and sleep among students during the pandemic of COVID-19. Scientifc Reports 2021; 11:8529
  • 24. Ranjbar K, Hosseinpour H, Shahriarirad R, Ghaem H , Jafari K , Rahimi T , Alireza Mirahmadizadeh A, Hosseinpour P. Students’ attitude and sleep pattern during school closure following COVID-19 pandemic quarantine: a web-based survey in south of Iran. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine 2021;26:33.
  • 25. Rundle AG, Park Y, Herbstman JB, Kinsey EW, Wang YC. COVID-19–Related School Closings and Risk of Weight Gain Among Children. Obesity 2020;28(6):1008-9.
  • 26. Joob B, Wiwanitkit V. COVID‐19, School Closings, and Weight Gain. Obesity 2020;28, 1006.
  • 27. Türkiye’de okul çağı çocuklarında (6-10 yaş grubu) büyümenin izlenmesi (TOÇBİ) projesi araştırma raporu. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Temel Sağlık Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü 2011. Ankara: Sağlık Bakanlığı Yayınları.
  • 28. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Beslenme ve Diyetetik Bölümü. Türkiye Beslenme ve Sağlık Araştırması 2010 Beslenme Durumu ve Alışkanlıklarının Değerlendirilmesi Sonuç Raporu, Ankara: T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Sağlık Araştırmaları Genel Müdürlüğü; 2014.
  • 29. Hilal Ö, Ayse T. Turkey childhood (ages 7–8 ) obesity surveillance initiative (COSI-TUR). Ankara, 2014. http://beslenme.gov.tr/content/files/yayinlar/dis_yayinlar/cosi_ing.pdf.
  • 30. Özcebe H, Bosı TB, Yardım N, Bağcı Bosi AT. Türkiye çocukluk çağı (ilkokul 2. sınıf öğrencilerde) şişmanlık araştırması COSI-TUR 2016, Sağlık Bakanlığı, Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü, Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı, Dünya Sağlık Örgütü Avrupa Bölge Ofisi, Yayın No: 1080, Ankara, 2017
  • 31. Headey DD, Ruel MT. In: Swinnen J, Mcdermott J, eds. The COVID-19 nutrition crisis: What to expect and how to protect. Washington, USA: IFPRI, 2020;38-41.
  • 32. Ruiz-Roso MB, Padilha PdC, Mantilla-Escalante DC, Ulloa N, Brun P, Acevedo-Correa D, Peres WAF, Martorell M, Aires MT , Cardoso LdO, Carrasco-Marín F, Paternina-Sierra K, Rodriguez-Meza JE, Montero PM, Bernabè G, Pauletto A, Taci X , Visioli F, Dávalos A. Covid-19 Confinement and Changes of Adolescent’s Dietary Trends in Italy, Spain, Chile, Colombia and Brazil. Nutrients 2020, 12, 1807
  • 33. Philippe K, Chabanet C, Issanchou S, Monnery-Patris S. Child eating behaviors, parental feeding practices and food shopping motivations during the COVID-19 lockdown in France: (How) did they change? Appetite 2021;161:105132
  • 34. Angelidi AM, Kokkinos A, Katechaki E, Ros E, Mantzoros CS. Metabolism Clinical and Experimental 2021;114:154407
  • 35. Ventura PS, Ortigoza AF, Castillo Y, Bosch Z, Casals S , Girbau C, Siurana JM, Arce A, Torres M, Herrero FJ. Children’s Health Habits and COVID-19 Lockdown in Catalonia: Implications for Obesity and Non-Communicable Diseases. Nutrients 2021;13:1657
  • 36. Mastorci F, Bastiani L, Trivellini G, Doveri C, Casu A, Pozzi M, Marinaro I, Vassalle C, Pingitore A. Well-Being Perception During COVID-19 Pandemic in Healthy Adolescents: Evidence From the Avatar Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021;18:6388.
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Clinical Sciences
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Nilgün Seremet Kürklü 0000-0003-1394-0037

Hülya Kamarlı Altun 0000-0001-9878-9297

Merve Şeyda Karaçil Ermumcu 0000-0002-2023-8433

Publication Date January 1, 2023
Submission Date June 29, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 9 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Seremet Kürklü, N., Kamarlı Altun, H., & Karaçil Ermumcu, M. Ş. (2023). Covid-19 Pandemisinde Sosyal İzolasyonun Çocuklarda Beslenme Alışkanlıkları, Diyet Kalitesi, Yaşam Tarzı Değişiklikleri ve Obezite Üzerine Etkisi. Akdeniz Tıp Dergisi, 9(1), 15-22. https://doi.org/10.53394/akd.959674