Research Article

THE FORMAL VALIDITY OF PROXY MARRIAGES CONCLUDED ABROAD IN PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW: INSIGHTS FROM BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

Volume: 15 Number: Prof. Dr. Peter HAY Özel Sayısı January 23, 2026
EN TR

THE FORMAL VALIDITY OF PROXY MARRIAGES CONCLUDED ABROAD IN PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW: INSIGHTS FROM BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

Abstract

The increasing cross-border movement of individuals, driven by diverse social, economic, and political factors, continues to generate complex challenges for the application of private international law in receiving states. One particularly significant issue concerns the determination of the formal validity and subsequent recognition of marriages concluded abroad, especially in non-traditional forms such as marriages by proxy. The recognition of such marriages within the destination country bears directly on the enjoyment of fundamental human rights, notably the right to marry, the right to family life, and the right to freedom of movement. Questions surrounding the formal validity of a proxy marriage concluded abroad typically arise during the process of its registration in the destination state, which essentially involves assessing the evidentiary value of a foreign marriage certificate—or more broadly, a foreign public document—or in the context of residence permit applications based on family reunification. Under the Private International Law Act of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the form of marriage is governed by the law of the state where the marriage is celebrated. This widely recognized conflict-of-law principle requires the acknowledgment of marriages validly concluded abroad, even when the form employed is unfamiliar or unrecognized under domestic law. Building on a recent case addressed by the competent authorities in Bosnia and Herzegovina, this article explores the legal characterization and formal validity of proxy marriages, analyzing the possibility of their recognition through a comparative perspective. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, such recognition is realized through the marriage registration procedure. The analysis concludes that refusal of recognition or registration is permissible solely when the foreign law enabling the marriage is manifestly incompatible with the fundamental principles of domestic public policy.

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Ethical Statement

We hereby declare that this study is original, that we have acted in accordance with scientific ethical principles and rules in all stages of the study, including preparation, data collection analysis and presentation of information, that we have cited all data and information not obtained within the scope of this study and included these sources in the bibliography, that we have not made any changes to the data used and that we have complied wit our duties and responsibilities. We want you to know that we accept all moral and legal consequences that may arise if, at any time, a situation contrary to this declaration we have made regarding the work is detected.

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References

  1. Alihodžić, Jasmina. “Some Private International Law Aspects of European Economic Migration.” Balkan Yearbook of European and International Law, Springer, 2019, p. 173 - 191.
  2. Alihodžić, Jasmina, Duraković, Anita. “Zakon o međunarodnom privatnom pravu u Bosni i Hercegovini - retrospektiva i perspektiva normativnog uređenja”. Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta u Tuzli, year IX, No.1, 2023, p. 53-72.
  3. Bergmann, Alexander, Ferid, Murad, Henrich, Dieter. Internationales Ehe- und Kindschaftsrecht. Frankfurt am Main; Berlin: Verlag für Standesamtswesen GmbH, 2017.
  4. de Conrad, M. Pareja, Rieck, Jürgen, Lettmaier, Saskia (eds.). Mexiko in: Ausländisches Familienrecht. München: Verlag C. H. Beck GmbH & Co. KG, 2021.
  5. Dethloff, Nina. Familienrecht. Ein Studienbuch. München: C. H. Beck, 31. Auflage, 2015.
  6. Duraković, Anita, Alihodžić, Jasmina. “Interstate and Cross-Border Family Relations in Bosnia and Herzegovina: The Intricacies of a Multi-Layered Legal System”, Balkan Yearbook of European and International Law, Springer, 2022, p. 3-27.
  7. Dika, Mihajlo, Knežević, Gašo, Stojanović, Srđan. Komentar Zakona o međunarodnom privatnom i procesnom pravu. Beograd: Nomos, 1991.
  8. Enßlin, Rainer, Rieck, Jürgen, Lettmaier, Saskia (eds.). Italien in: Ausländisches Familienrecht. München: Verlag C. H. Beck GmbH & Co. KG, 2018.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Law in Context (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Anita Duraković This is me
0000-0001-6280-7676
Bosnia and Herzegovina

Publication Date

January 23, 2026

Submission Date

November 6, 2025

Acceptance Date

November 24, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 15 Number: Prof. Dr. Peter HAY Özel Sayısı

APA
Alihodžić, J., & Duraković, A. (2026). THE FORMAL VALIDITY OF PROXY MARRIAGES CONCLUDED ABROAD IN PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW: INSIGHTS FROM BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA. Akdeniz Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 15(Prof. Dr. Peter HAY Özel Sayısı), 39-58. https://doi.org/10.54704/akdhfd.1818112
AMA
1.Alihodžić J, Duraković A. THE FORMAL VALIDITY OF PROXY MARRIAGES CONCLUDED ABROAD IN PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW: INSIGHTS FROM BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA. AkdHFD. 2026;15(Prof. Dr. Peter HAY Özel Sayısı):39-58. doi:10.54704/akdhfd.1818112
Chicago
Alihodžić, Jasmina, and Anita Duraković. 2026. “THE FORMAL VALIDITY OF PROXY MARRIAGES CONCLUDED ABROAD IN PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW: INSIGHTS FROM BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA”. Akdeniz Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 15 (Prof. Dr. Peter HAY Özel Sayısı): 39-58. https://doi.org/10.54704/akdhfd.1818112.
EndNote
Alihodžić J, Duraković A (January 1, 2026) THE FORMAL VALIDITY OF PROXY MARRIAGES CONCLUDED ABROAD IN PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW: INSIGHTS FROM BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA. Akdeniz Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 15 Prof. Dr. Peter HAY Özel Sayısı 39–58.
IEEE
[1]J. Alihodžić and A. Duraković, “THE FORMAL VALIDITY OF PROXY MARRIAGES CONCLUDED ABROAD IN PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW: INSIGHTS FROM BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA”, AkdHFD, vol. 15, no. Prof. Dr. Peter HAY Özel Sayısı, pp. 39–58, Jan. 2026, doi: 10.54704/akdhfd.1818112.
ISNAD
Alihodžić, Jasmina - Duraković, Anita. “THE FORMAL VALIDITY OF PROXY MARRIAGES CONCLUDED ABROAD IN PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW: INSIGHTS FROM BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA”. Akdeniz Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 15/Prof. Dr. Peter HAY Özel Sayısı (January 1, 2026): 39-58. https://doi.org/10.54704/akdhfd.1818112.
JAMA
1.Alihodžić J, Duraković A. THE FORMAL VALIDITY OF PROXY MARRIAGES CONCLUDED ABROAD IN PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW: INSIGHTS FROM BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA. AkdHFD. 2026;15:39–58.
MLA
Alihodžić, Jasmina, and Anita Duraković. “THE FORMAL VALIDITY OF PROXY MARRIAGES CONCLUDED ABROAD IN PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW: INSIGHTS FROM BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA”. Akdeniz Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 15, no. Prof. Dr. Peter HAY Özel Sayısı, Jan. 2026, pp. 39-58, doi:10.54704/akdhfd.1818112.
Vancouver
1.Jasmina Alihodžić, Anita Duraković. THE FORMAL VALIDITY OF PROXY MARRIAGES CONCLUDED ABROAD IN PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW: INSIGHTS FROM BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA. AkdHFD. 2026 Jan. 1;15(Prof. Dr. Peter HAY Özel Sayısı):39-58. doi:10.54704/akdhfd.1818112

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