Gelecekteki Çalışma Benliğine İlişkin Ayrıntında Kariyer Uyumluluğu ve Kariyer İyimserliğinin Rolü

Öz

Gelecekteki çalışma benliği bireylerin kariyerlerini şekillendirme ve yönetmede proaktif bir rol almalarını kolaylaştırır. Ayrıca gelecekteki çalışma benliği olası benliklerin dinamik bir yönü temsil etmektedir. Bu araştırmada kariyer uyumluluğu ve kariyer iyimserliğinin gelecekteki çalışma benliğine ilişkin ayrıntıyı yordayıcı rolünü incelemek amaçlanmıştır. İlişkisel tarama modeline göre yürütülen bu araştırmanın çalışma grubu 311 (242 kadın, 69 erkek) üniversite öğrencisinden oluşmaktadır. Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 20.42’dir. Verilerin analizinde yol analizi kullanılmıştır. Bu araştırmada kariyer uyumluluğu ve kariyer iyimserliğinin gelecekteki çalışma benliğine ilişkin ayrıntıyı pozitif yönde yordadığı bulunmuştur. Kariyer uyumluluğu ve kariyer iyimserliği birlikte gelecekteki çalışma benliğine ilişkin ayrıntının %38.4’ünü açıklamaktadır. Araştırma bulguları kariyer uyumluluğu ve iyimserliğinin gelecekteki çalışma benliğine ilişkin ayrıntıyı artırabileceğini göstermiştir. Araştırma bulguları ilgili literatür temelinde tartışılmıştır. Araştırmanın sınırlılıkları ve gelecekteki uygulamalı ve teorik araştırmalar için öneriler sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Gelecekteki çalışma benliği
• Olası benlikler
• Kariyer uyumluluğu
• Gelecekteki çalışma benliği, Olası benlikler, Kariyer uyumluluğu

References

1. Aloise-Young, P., Hennigan, K., & Leong, C. (2001). Possible selves and negative health behaviors during early adolescence. Journal of Early Adolescence, 21, 158-181. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431601021002002
2. Anseel, F., Strauss, K., & Lievens, F. (2017). How future work selves guide feedback seeking and feedback responding at work. In D. L. Ferris, R. E. Johnson, & C. Sedikides (Eds). The self at work (pp. 294-318). Taylor & Francis Group.
3. Boo, S., Wang, C., & Kim, M. (2021). Career adaptability, future time perspective, and career anxietyamong undergraduate students: A cross-national comparison. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 29, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhlste.2021.100328
4. Bölükbaşı, A., & Kırdök, O. (2019). The mediating role of future orientation in the relationship between career adaptability and life satisfaction in high school students. Egitim ve Bilim, 44(200), 1-15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15390/EB.2019.8090
5. Büyükgöze‐Kavas, A. (2016). Predicting career adaptability from positive psychological traits. The Career Development Quarterly, 64(2), 114-125. https://doi.org/10.1002/cdq.12045
6. Cabras, C., & Mondo, M. (2018). Future orientation as a mediator between career adaptability and life satisfaction in university students. Journal of Career Development, 45(6), 597-609. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894845317727616
7. Cai, Z., Guan, Y., Li, H., Shi, W., Guo, K., Liu, Y., ... & Hua, H. (2015). Self-esteem and proactive personality as predictors of future work self and career adaptability: An examination of mediating and moderating processes. Journal of Vocational behavior, 86, 86-94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2014.10.004
8. Chatterjee, S., Afshan, N., & Chhetri, P. (2015). Exploring the linkage between the components of motivational systems theory and career decisiveness: The mediating role of career optimism. Journal of Career Assessment, 23(4), 597-614. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072714553081

9. Cross, S. E. ve Markus, H. (1994). Self-schemas, possible selves, and competent performance. Journal of Educational Psychology, 86(3), 423-438.
10. Duffy, R. D. (2010). Sense of control and career adaptability among undergraduate students. Journal of Career Assessment, 18(4), 420-430. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072710374587
11. Duffy, R. D., & Raque-Bogdan, T. L. (2010). The motivation to serve others: Exploring relations to career development. Journal of Career Assessment, 18(3), 250-265. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072710364791
12. Eryılmaz, A., & Kara, A. (2018). Pre-service teachers’ career adaptabilities: it’s relationships with career decision making self-efficacy and career barriers. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 10(2), 235-244.
13. Eva, N., Newman, A., Jiang, Z., & Brouwer, M. (2020). Career optimism: A systematic review and agenda for future research. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 116, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2019.02.011
14. Fasbender, U., Wöhrmann, A. M., Wang, M., & Klehe, U. C. (2019). Is the future still open? The mediating role of occupational future time perspective in the effects of career adaptability and aging experience on late career planning. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 111, 24-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2018.10.006
15. Garcia, P. R. J. M., Restubog, S. L. D., Bordia, P., Bordia, S. & Roxas, R. E. O. (2015). Career optimism: The roles of contextual support and career decision-making self-efficacy. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 88, 10-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2015.02.004
16. Ginevra, M. C., Annovazzi, C., Santilli, S., Di Maggio, I., & Camussi, E. (2018). Breadth of vocational interests: The role of career adaptability and future orientation. The Career Development Quarterly, 66(3), 233-245. https://doi.org/10.1002/cdq.12145
17. Ginevra, M. C., Di Maggio, I., Santilli, S., & Nota, L. (2021). The role of career adaptability and future orientation on future goals in refugees. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 49(2), 272-286. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069885.2020.1865874
18. Ginevra, M. C., Pallini, S., Vecchio, G. M., Nota, L., & Soresi, S. (2016). Future orientation and attitudes mediate career adaptability and decidedness. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 95-96, 102-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2016.08.003
19. Guan, Y., Guo, Y., Bond, M. H., Cai, Z., Zhou, X., Xu, J., ... & Ye, L. (2014). New job market entrants' future work self, career adaptability and job search outcomes: Examining mediating and moderating models. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 85(1), 136-145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2014.05.003
20. Guan, Y., Zhuang, M., Cai, Z., Ding, Y., Wang, Y., Huang, Z., & Lai, X. (2017). Modeling dynamics in career construction: Reciprocal relationship between future work self and career exploration. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 101, 21-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.04.003
21. Gunkel, M., & Schlaegel, C. (2010). The influence of personality on students’ career decisiveness-A comparison between Chinese and German economics and management students. Management Revue, 21(3), 229-243. https://doi.org/10.5771/0935-9915-2010-3-229
22. Haratsis, J. M., Creed, P. A., & Hood, M. (2016). Cross-lagged relationships between person-based resources, self-perceptions, and career and life satisfaction in young adults. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 16(2), 169-188. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10775-015-9301-y
23. Haratsis, J. M., Hood, M., & Creed, P. A. (2015). Career goals in young adults: Personal resources, goal appraisals, attitudes, and goal management strategies. Journal of Career Development, 42(5), 431-445. https://doi.o rg/10.1177/0894845315572019
24. Hirschi, A. (2010). Swiss adolescents’ career aspirations: Influence of context, age, and career adaptability. Journal of Career Development, 36(3), 228-245. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894845309345844
25. Jia, Y., Hou, Z. J., & Shen, J. (2020). Adolescents’ Future Time Perspective and Career Construction: Career Adaptability as Mediator and Hope as Moderator. Journal of Career Development, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894845320926579
26. Jia, Y., Hou, Z. J., Zhang, H., & Xiao, Y. (2020). Future time perspective, career adaptability, anxiety, and career decision-making difficulty: exploring mediations and moderations. Journal of Career Development, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894845320941922
27. Joanne Chan, S. H., & Chan, K. T. (2021). The indirect effects of self‐esteem and future work self on career adaptability factors: A study of Chinese undergraduate students. Journal of Employment Counseling, 58(2), 50-73. https://doi.org/10.1002/joec.12157
28. Jung, H., Park, I. J., & Rie, J. (2015). Future time perspective and career decisions: The moderating effects of affect spin. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 89, 46-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2015.04.010
29. Juntunen, C. L., & Wettersten, K. B. (2006). Work hope: Development and initial validation of a measure. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53(1), 94-106. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.53.1.94
30. Kalafat, T. (2012). Kariyer Geleceği Ölçeği (KARGEL): Türk örneklemi için psikometrik özelliklerinin incelenmesi. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 4(38), 169-179.
31. Kao, K. Y., Hsu, H. H., Rogers, A., Lin, M. T., Lee, H. T., & Lian, R. (2020). I see my future!: Linking mentoring, future work selves, achievement orientation to job search behaviors. Journal of Career Development, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894845320926571
32. Karacan-Özdemir, N. (2019). Associations between career adaptability and career decision-making difficulties among Turkish high school students. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 19(3), 475-495. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10775-019-09389-0
33. Karacan-Özdemir, N., & Yerin Güneri, O. (2017). The factors contribute to career adaptability of high-school students. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 16(67), 183-198.
34. Karasar, N. (2011). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Nobel Yayınları.
35. Kim, B., Jang, S. H., Jung, S. H., Lee, B. H., Puig, A., & Lee, S. M. (2014). A moderated mediation model of planned happenstance skills, career engagement, career decision self‐efficacy, and career decision certainty. The Career Development Quarterly, 62(1), 56-69. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.2014.00070.x
36. Kim, B., Rhee, E., Ha, G., Yang, J., & Lee, S. M. (2016). Tolerance of uncertainty: Links to happenstance, career decision self‐efficacy, and career satisfaction. The Career Development Quarterly, 64(2), 140-152. https://doi.org/10.1002/cdq.12047
37. King, L. A., & Raspin, C. (2004). Lost and found possible selves, subjective well-being, and ego development in divorced women. Journal of Personality, 72, 603-632. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3506.2004.00274.x
38. Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3rd ed.). Guilford Press.
39. Korkut-Owen, F. (2021). Belirsizlik ve kariyer davranışları. Kariyer Psikolojik Danışmanlığı Dergisi, 4(2), 36-60.
40. Leondari, A., Syngollitou, E., & Kiosseoglou, G. (1998). Academic achievement, motivation and future selves. Educational Studies, 24(2), 153-163. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305569980240202
41. Markus, H., & Nurius, P. (1986). Possible selves. American Psychologist, 41(9), 954-969. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.41.9.954
42. McIlveen, P., & Perera, H. N. (2016). Career optimism mediates the effect of personality on teachers’ career engagement. Journal of Career Assessment, 24(4), 623-636. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072715616059
43. McIlveen, P., Beccaria, G., & Burton, L. J. (2013). Beyond conscientiousness: Career optimism and satisfaction with academic major. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 83(3), 229-236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2013.05.005
44. Newberry, A., & Duncan, R. (2001). Roles of boredom and life goals in juvenile delinquency. Journal of Applied Social Psychology: Special Issue, 31, 527-541. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2001.tb02054.x
45. Oyserman, D., & Saltz, E. (1993). Competence, delinquency, and attempts to attain possible selves. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65(2), 360–374. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.65.2.360
46. Oyserman, D., Bybee, D., Terry, K., & Hart-Johnson, T. (2004). Possible selves as roadmaps. Journal of Research in Personality, 38(2), 130-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-6566(03)00057-6
47. Oyserman, D., Bybee, D., Terry, K., & Hart-Johnson, T. (2004). Possible selves as roadmaps. Journal of Research in Personality, 38, 130-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-6566(03)00057-6
48. Öncel, L. (2014). Career adapt-abilities scale: Convergent validity of subscale scores. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 85(1), 13-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2014.03.006
49. Öztemel, K., & Yıldız-Akyol, E. (2021). The predictive role of happiness, social support, and future time orientation in career adaptability. Journal of Career Development, 48(3), 199-212. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894845319840437
50. Pouyaud, J., Vignoli, E., Dosnon, O., & Lallemand, N. (2012). Career adapt-abilities scaleFrance form: Psychometric properties and relationships to anxiety and motivation. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(3), 692-697. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2012.01.021
51. Praskova, A., & Johnston, L. (2021). The role of future orientation and negative career feedback in career agency and career success in Australian adults. Journal of Career Assessment, 29(3), 463-485. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072720980174
52. Rottinghaus, P. J., Buelow, K. L., Matyja, A., & Schneider, M. R. (2012). The career futures inventory-revised: Measuring dimensions of career adaptability. Journal of Career Assessment, 20(2), 123-139. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072711420849
53. Rottinghaus, P. J., Day, S. X., & Borgen, F. H. (2005). The Career Futures Inventory: A measure of career-related adaptability and optimism. Journal of Career Assessment, 13(1), 3-24. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072704270271
54. Rudolph, C. W., Lavigne, K. N., & Zacher, H. (2017). Career adaptability: A meta-analysis of relationships with measures of adaptivity, adapting responses, and adaptation results. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 98, 17-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2016.09.002
55. Ruvolo, A. P., & Markus, H. R. (1992). Possible selves and performance: The power of self-relevant imagery. Social Cognition, 10(1), 95-124. https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.1992.10.1.95
56. Santilli, S., Ginevra, M. C., Sgaramella, T. M., Nota, L., Ferrari, L., & Soresi, S. (2017). Design my future: An instrument to assess future orientation and resilience. Journal of Career Assessment, 25(2), 281-295. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072715621524
57. Santilli, S., Marcionetti, J., Rochat, S., Rossier, J., & Nota, L. (2017). Career adaptability, hope, optimism, and life satisfaction in Italian and Swiss adolescents. Journal of Career Development, 44(1), 62-76. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894845316633793
58. Sarsıkoğlu, A. F. (2019). Üniversite öğrencilerinin kariyer uyumluluğunu açıklayan faktörler: model önerisi. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi. Gazi Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
59. Savickas, M. L. (1997). Career adaptability: An integrative construct for life-span, life-space theory. The Career Development Quarterly, 45(3), 247-259. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.1997.tb00469.x
60. Savickas, M. L. (2002). Career construction: A developmental theory of vocational behavior. In D. Brown & Associates (Eds.), Career choice and development (4th ed., pp. 149-205). Jossey-Bass.
61. Savickas, M. L. (2005). The theory and practice of career construction. In S. D. Brown & R. W. Lent (Eds.), Career development and counseling: Putting theory and research to work (pp. 42-70). John Wiley & Sons.
62. Savickas, M. L. (2013). Career construction theory and practice. In S. D. Brown & R. W. Lent (Eds.), Career development and counseling: Putting theory and research to work (2nd ed., pp. 147-183). John Wiley & Sons.
63. Savickas, M. L., & Porfeli, E. J. (2012). Career Adapt-Abilities Scale: Construction, reliability, and measurement equivalence across 13 countries. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(3), 661-673. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2012.01.011
64. Seginer, R. (2000). Optimism correlates of adolescent future orientation: A domain-specific analysis. Journal of Adolescent Research, 15, 307-326.
65. Seginer, R., & Lens, W. (2015). The motivational properties of future time perspective future orientation: Different approaches, different cultures. In M. Stolarski, N. Fieulaine, & W. van Beek (Eds.), Time perspective theory; Review, research and application (pp. 287-304). Springer International Publishing.
66. Soresi, S., Nota, L., & Ferrari, L. (2012). Career Adapt-Abilities Scale-Italian Form: Psychometric properties and relationships to breadth of interests, quality of life, and perceived barriers. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(3), 705-711. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2012.01.020
67. Spurk, D., Kauffeld, S., Barthauer, L., & Heinemann, N. S. (2015). Fostering networking behavior, career planning and optimism, and subjective career success: An intervention study. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 87, 134-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2014.12.007
68. Strahan, E. J., & Wilson, A. E. (2006). Temporal Comparisons, Identity, and Motivation: The Relation Between Past, Present, and Possible Future Selves. In C. Dunkel & J. Kerpelman (Eds.), Possible selves: Theory, research and applications (pp. 1-15). Nova Science Publishers.
69. Strauss, K., Griffin, M. A., & Parker, S. K. (2012). Future work selves: How salient hoped-for identities motivate proactive career behaviors. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97(3), 580-598. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026423
70. Super, D. E. (1980). A life-span, life-space approach to career development. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 16(3), 282-298. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-8791(80)90056-1
71. Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics. Pearson Education.
72. Taber, B. J. (2013). Time perspective and career decision-making difficulties in adults. Journal of Career Assessment, 21(2), 200-209. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072712466722
73. Taber, B. J., & Blankemeyer, M. (2015). Future work self and career adaptability in the prediction of proactive career behaviors. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 86, 20-27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2014.10.005
74. Taylor, S. E., Pham, L. B., Rivkin, I. D., & Armor, D. A. (1998). Harnessing the imagination: Mental simulation, self-regulation, and coping. American Psychologist, 53, 429-439. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.53.4.429
75. Tolentino, L. R., Garcia, P. R. J. M., Lu, V. N., Restubog, S. L. D., Bordia, P., & Plewa, C. (2014). Career adaptation: The relation of adaptability to goal orientation, proactive personality, and career optimism. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 84(1), 39-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2013.11.004
76. Trommsdorff, G. (1994). Future time perspective and control orientation: Social conditions and consequences. In Z. Zaleski (Ed.), Psychology of future orientation (pp. 39-62). Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL.
77. Walker, T. L., & Tracey, T. J. (2012). The role of future time perspective in career decision-making. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 81(2), 150-158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2012.06.002
78. Xiao, Y., He, Y., Gao, X., Lu, L., & Yu, X. (2021). Career exploration and college students’ career adaptability: The mediating role of future work self-salience and moderating role of perceived teacher support. Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society, 2021, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/3532239
79. Zhang, C., Hirschi, A., Herrmann, A., Wei, J., & Zhang, J. (2016). The future work self and calling: The mediational role of life meaning. Journal of Happiness Studies, 18(4), 977-991. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-016-9760-y