Lone Wolf Personality, Career Adapt-Abilities, Proactive Career Behaviors, and Life Satisfaction: A Serial Mediation Analyses through the Career Construction Model of Adaptation

Year 2023, , 194 - 212, 31.03.2023

Ozan Korkmaz

https://doi.org/10.38151/akef.2023.50

Abstract

The aim of the study is to test the Career Construction Model of Adaptation (CCMA) in university students (N = 406). 319 of (78.6%) the participants are female and 87 (21.4%) are male. The Lone Wolf Scale, The Turkish Five-Factor Short Form of the Career Adapt-Abilities Scale, The Career Engagement Scale, and The Satisfaction with Life Scale were used as measures. Hayes' models were used for mediation analyzes in the research model. It was tested a mediation model in which adaptive readiness (i.e., lone wolf personality) foster career adapt-abilities, which conditions adapting responses (i.e., proactive career behaviors), which leads to adaptation results (i.e., life satisfaction). The results of the research model indicated that indirect effects of lone wolf personality (i.e., adaptive readiness) on life satisfaction (i.e., adaption results) via career adapt-abilities (adaptability resources) and proactive career behaviors (i.e., adapting responses). Results supported all of the hypotheses which are relations between CCMA.

Keywords

Lone wolf personality, Career adapt-abilities, Proactive career behaviors, Life satisfaction, Career construction theory

References

• Barr, T. F., Dixon, A. L., & Gassenheimer, J. B. (2005). Exploring the “Lone Wolf” phenomenon in student teams. Journal of Marketing Education, 27(1), 81-90. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0273475304273459
• Berg, J. M., Wrzesniewski, A., & Dutton, J. E. (2010). Perceiving and responding to challenges in job crafting at different ranks: When proactivity requires adaptivity. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 31, 158–186. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.645
• Baruch, Y., & Rousseau, D. M. (2018). Integrating psychological contracts and ecosystems in career studies and management. Academy of Management Annals, 13(1), 84–111. https://doi.org/10.5465/annals.2016.0103
• Buyukgoze-Kavas, A., Duffy, R. D., & Douglass, R. P. (2015). Exploring links between career adaptability, work volition, and well-being among Turkish students. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 90, 122–131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2015.08.006
• Briggs, E., Jaramillo, F. & Weeks, W. A. (2012). The influences of ethical climate and organization identity comparisons on salespeople and their job performance. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 32(4), 421-436. https://doi.org/10.2753/PSS0885-3134320402
• Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95(3), 542–575. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.95.3.542
• Diener, E. (2000). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index. American Psychologist, 55(1), 34–43. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.34
• Diener, E., & Biswas-Diener, R. (2002). Will money increase subjective well-being? Social Indicators Research, 57(2), 119–169. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014411319119
• Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction With Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13
• Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125(2), 276–302. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.125.2.276
• Dixon, A.L., Gassenheimer, J.B., & Barr, T.F. (2003). Identifying the lone wolf: A team perspective. Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, 23(3), 205-219. https://doi.org/10.1080/08853134.2003.10748999
• Duffy, R. D., Douglass, R. P., & Autin, K. L. (2015). Career adaptability and academic satisfaction: Examining work volition and self-efficacy as mediators. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 90, 46–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2015.07.007
• Einarsdóttir, S., Vilhjálmsdóttir, G., Smáradóttir, S. B., & Kjartansdóttir, G. B. (2015). A culture-sensitive approach in the development of the Career Adapt-Abilities Scale in Iceland: Theoretical and operational considerations. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 89, 172–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2015.06.006
• Falk, R., & Miller, N. (1992). A primer for soft modeling. The University of Akron Press.
• Fay, D., & Kamps, A. (2006). Work characteristics and the emergence of a sustainable workforce: Do job design principles matter? Gedrag & Organisatie, 19, 184-203. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2006-08470-005
• Field, A. (2018). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS Statistics (5. Edition). Sage.
• Fiori, M., Bollmann, G., & Rossier, J. (2015). Exploring the path through which career adaptability increases job satisfaction and lowers job stress: The role of affect. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 91, 113–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2015.08.010
• Guan, Y., Deng, H., Sun, J., Wang, Y., Cai, Z., Ye, L., . . . Li, Y. (2013). Career adaptability, job search self-efficacy and outcomes: A three-wave investigation among Chinese university graduates. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 83, 561–570. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2013.09.003
• Guan, Y., Guo, Y., Bond, M.H., Cai, Z., Zhou, X., Xu, J., Zhu, F., Wang, Z., Fu, R., Liu, S., Wang, Y., Hu, T. & Ye, L. (2014). New job market entrants’ future work self, career adaptability and job search outcomes: Examining mediating and moderating models. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 85(1), 136-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2014.05.003
• Guan, Y., Arthur, M.B., Khapova, S.N., Hall, R.J., & Lord, R.G. (2019). Career boundarylessness and career success: A review, integration and guide to future research. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 110, 390-402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2018.05.013
• Hartung, P. J., & Taber, B. J. (2008). Career construction and subjective well-being. Journal of Career Assessment, 16, 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1069072707305772
• Hirschi, A. (2009). Career adaptability development in adolescence: Multiple predictors and effect on sense of power and life satisfaction. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 74, 145–155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2009.01.002
• Hirschi, A., & Freund, P. A. (2014). Career Engagement: Investigating intraindividual predictors of weekly fluctuations in proactive career behaviors. The Career Development Quarterly, 62, 5-20. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.2014.00066.x
• Hirschi, A., Freund, P. A., & Herrmann, A. (2014). The Career Engagement Scale: Development and validation of a measure of proactive career behaviors. Journal of Career Assessment, 22(4), 575-594. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072713514813
• Hirschi, A., Herrmann, A., & Keller, A. C. (2015). Career adaptivity, adaptability, and adapting: A conceptual and empirical investigation. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 87, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2014.11.008
• Hirschi, A., & Jaensch, V. K. (2015). Narcissism and career success: Occupational selfefficacy and career engagement as mediators. Personality and Individual Differences, 77, 205–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.01.002
• Huebner, E. S., Hills, K. J., Sidall, J., & Gilman, R. (2014). Life satisfaction and schooling. In M. J. Furlong, R. Gilman, & E. S. Huebner (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology in schools (2nd ed., pp. 192–207). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203106525
• Johnston, C. S. (2018). A systematic review of the career adaptability literature and future outlook. Journal of Career Assessment, 26(1), 3-38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1069072716679921
• Kara, A., Orum-Cattik, E., & Eryilmaz, A. (2022). Adaptivity, adaptability, adapting response, and adaptation result: Testing with structural equation modelling on pre-service teachers. Current Psychology, 41, 4171–4182. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-01975-2
• Koker, S. (1991). Normal ve sorunlu ergenlerin yaşam doyumu düzeyinin karşılaştırılması [Comparison of life satisfaction levels of normal and problematic adolescents]. [Master's thesis, Ankara University]. Ankara. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/giris.jsp
• Korkmaz, O. (2022). Will hope and career adapt‑abilities bring students closer to their career goals? An investigation through the career construction model of adaptation. Current Psychology. Advance Online. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-02932-3
• Korkmaz, O. (2022). The Lone Wolf Scale: A validity and reliability study of the measurement of acting and working lone. EKEV Akademi Dergisi [EKEV Academy Journal], 89, 211-228. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6346526
• Korkmaz, O. (2021). Investigation of the effectiveness of career intervention program based on Career Construction Theory [Doctoral dissertation, Cukurova University]. National Thesis Center. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi
• Korkmaz, O., Kirdok, O., Alkal, A., & Akca, M. S. (2020). Career Engagement Scale: Validity and reliability study of the measurement of proactive career behavior. International Social Sciences Studies Journal, 6(72), 4668-4677. http://dx.doi.org/10.26449/sssj.2570
• Kundi, Y.M., Hollet-Haudebert, S., & Peterson, J. (2022). Career adaptability, job crafting and subjective career success: The moderating roles of lone wolf personality and positive perfectionism. Personnel Review, 51(3), 945-965. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-04-2020-0260
• Li, C. H. (2016). The performance of ML, DWLS, and ULS estimation with robust corrections in structural equation models with ordinal variables. Psychological Methods, 21(3), 369–387. https://doi.org/10.1037/met0000093
• Li, Y., Guan, Y., Wang, F., Zhou, X., Guo, K., Jiang, P., . . . Fang, Z. (2015). Big Five personality and BIS/BAS traits as predictors of career exploration: The mediation role of career adaptability. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 89, 39–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2015.04.006
• Maggiori, C., Johnston, C.S., Krings, F., Massoudi, K., & Rossier, J. (2013). The role of career adaptability and work conditions on general and professional well-being. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 83, 437–449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2013.07.001
• McIlveen, P., Cameron, M., McLachlan, D., & Gunn, J. (2004). The study-to-work transition of university students with a disability. The Australian Journal of Rehabilitation Counselling, 10(1), 46-55. https://doi.org/10.1017/S132389220000034X
• Mulki, J.P., Jaramillo, F., & Marshall, G.W. (2007). Lone wolf tendencies and salesperson performance. Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, 27(1), 25-38. https://doi.org/10.2753/PSS0885-3134270102
• Nilforooshan, P., & Salimi, S. (2016). Career adaptability as a mediator between personality and career engagement. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 94, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2016.02.010
• Nilforooshan, P. (2019). From Adaptivity to adaptation: Examining the Career Construction Model of Adaptation. The Career Development Quarterly, 68(2), 98-111. https://doi.org/10.1002/cdq.12216
• Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). The assessment of reliability. Psychometric Theory, 3, 248-292.
• Ochoco, M. S. A., & Ty, W. E. G. (2021). Examining the Career Construction Model of Adaptation among Filipino senior high school students. Journal of Career Development. Advance online. https://doi.org/10.1177/08948453211037011
• Pinto, L.H., & Ramalheira, D.C. (2017). Perceived employability of business graduates: The effect of academic performance and extracurricular activities. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 99(1), 165-178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.01.005
• Prasad, J., Gardner, D.M., Leong, F.T., Zhang, J., & Nye, C.D. (2021). The criterion validity of Career Adapt–abilities Scale with cooperation among Chinese workers. Career Development International. Advance online. https://doi.org/10.1108/CDI-04-2020-0106
• Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Contemporary approaches to assessing mediation in communication research. In A. F. Hayes, M. D. Slater, & L. B. Snyder (Eds.), The Sage sourcebook of advanced data analysis methods for communication research (pp. 13–54). Sage Publications, Inc. https://doi.org/10.4135/97814 52272 054.n2
• Ramos, K., & Lopez, F. G. (2018). Attachment security and career adaptability as predictors of subjective well-being among career transitioners. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 104, 72-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.10.004
• Rossier, J., Zecca, G., Stauffer, S. D., Maggiori, C., & Dauwalder, J.-P. (2012). Career Adapt-Abilities Scale in a French-speaking Swiss sample: Psychometric properties and relationships to personality and work engagement. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80, 734–743. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2012.01.004
• Rudolph, C. W., Lavigne, K. N., & Zacher, H. (2017). Career adaptability: A meta-analysis of relationships with measures of adaptivity, adapting responses, and adaptation results. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 98, 17–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2016.09.002
• Rudolph, C. W., Zacher, H., & Hirschi, A. (2019). Empirical developments in career construction theory. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 111, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2018. 12. 003
• Santilli, S., Nota, L., Ginevra, M.C., & Soresi, S. (2014). Career adaptability, hope and life satisfaction in workers with intellectual disability. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 85, 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2014.02.011
• Savickas, M. L. (1997). Career adaptability: An integrative construct for life-span, life space theory. The Career Development Quarterly, 45, 247–259. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.1997.tb00469.x
• Savickas, M. L. (2002). Career construction: A developmental theory of vocational behavior. In D. Brown & Associates (Eds.), Career choice and development (Vol. 4th, pp. 149–205). CA: Jossey-Bass.
• Savickas, M.L. (2005). The theory and practice of career construction. In S. D. Brown, & R.W. Lent (Eds.), Career development and counselling: Putting theory and research to work (pp. 42–70). Wiley.
• Savickas, M. L. (2013). Career Construction theory and practice. In S.D. Brown, & R.W. Lent (Eds.), Career development and counseling: Putting theory and research to work (pp. 42–70) (2nd ed.). Wiley.
• Savickas, M. L., Nota, L., Rossier, J., Dauwalder, J. P., Duarte, M. E., Guichard, J., ... Van Vianen, A. E. (2009). Life designing: A paradigm for career construction in the 21st century. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 75, 239–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2009.04.004
• Savickas, M. L., & Porfeli, E. J. (2012). Career Adapt-Abilities Scale: Construction, reliability, and measurement equivalence across 13 countries. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80, 661–673. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2012.01.011
• Savickas, M. L., Porfeli, E. J., Lara Hilton, T., & Savickas, S. (2018). The Student Career Construction Inventory. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 106, 138-152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2018.01.009
• Sou, E. K. L., Yuen, M., & Chen, G. (2021). Development and validation of a Chinese Five-Factor Short Form of the Career Adapt-Abilities Scale. Journal of Career Assessment, 29(1), 129–147. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072720935151
• Sullivan, S.E. (1999). The changing nature of careers: A review and research agenda. Journal of Management, 25(3), 457–484. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014920639902500308
• Šverko, I. & Babarović, T. (2019). Applying career construction model of adaptation to career transition in adolescence: A two-study paper. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 111, 59-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2018.10.011
• Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2012). Using multivariate statistics (6. Edition). Pearson.
• Tokar, D. M., Savickas, M. L., & Kaut, K. P. (2020). A test of the Career Construction Theory Model of Adaptation in adult workers with Chiari Malformation. Journal of Career Assessment, 28(3), 381–401. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072719867733
• Tolentino, L. R., Garcia, P. R. J. M., Lu, V. N., Restubog, S. L. D., Bordia, P., & Plewa, C. (2014). Career adaptation: The relation of adaptability to goal orientation, proactive personality, and career optimism. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 84, 39–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2013.11.004
• Yildiz-Akyol, E., & Oztemel, K. (2021). Implementation of career construction model of adaptation with Turkish university students: A two-study paper. Current Psychology. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-01482-4
• Zacher, H. (2014). Career adaptability predicts subjective career success above and beyond personality traits and core self-evaluations. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 84, 21–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2013.10.002