Kıyâfet-name is the science that deals with making predictions and determinations about a person's morals and character by looking at his organs and physical characteristics such as hair, eyes, hands and feet. Although the existence of determinations about personality traits, taking into account the physical structure of man, dates back to ancient times, as a literary type, kıyâfet-nâme has entered Turkish literature through Arabic and Persian sources. There are many examples of kıyâfet-names in Turkish literature, in which the subjects related to making judgments about the inner world of a person based on his outer appearance are handled. In the first example of the type in Turkish literature, the reason for copyright is mentioned as knowing the points to be considered in the purchase of male servants and concubines. In the kıyâfet-names written in the following periods, it is seen that the reason for copyright is mentioned as recognizing others and treating them according to their characters in this way, enabling one to act by knowing from whom good and evil will come, knowing the secrets of creation and learning to have eternal happiness.
One of the poetic examples of kıyâfet-nâme in Turkish literature belongs to Murâdî, one of the poets of the Bayezid II period. In Murâdî's Kıyâfet-nâme, the physical characteristics of human beings are evaluated in twenty chapters. It is seen that the evaluations in the work are largely similar to the Kıyâfet-names of Hamdullah Hamdî, Erzurumlu İbrahim Hakkı and Şaban-ı Sivrihisarî, which are considered to be prominent examples of kıyâfe-nâme in Turkish literature. In this article, firstly, information about the examples of kıyâfet-names in Arabic, Persian and Turkish literature was given, then Murâdî's Kıyâfet-name was examined in terms of its form and content. The work, which is compared with other prominent examples of the type in terms of the provisions it contains, was published for the first time.
Kıyâfet-nâme, bir kimsenin saç, göz, el ayak gibi organlarına ve fizikî özelliklerine bakarak onun ahlâkı ve karakteri hakkında tahmin ve tespitte bulunmayı konu edinen ilimdir. İnsanın fizikî yapısını dikkate alarak kişilik özellikleri ile ilgili yapılan tespitlerin varlığı çok eskilere dayanmakla birlikte, bir edebî tür olarak kıyâfet-nâme Türk edebiyatına, Arap ve Fars kaynakları üzerinden girmiştir. İnsanın dış görünüşünden yola çıkarak iç dünyası hakkında hüküm vermek ile ilgili konuların işlendiği kıyâfet-nâmelerin Türk edebiyatında birçok örneğine rastlanır. Türün, Türk edebiyatındaki ilk örneğinde telif sebebi, erkek hizmetçi ve cariye alımında dikkat edilmesi gereken hususların bilinmesi olarak zikredilir. Sonraki dönemlerde kaleme alınan kıyâfet-nâmelerde telif sebebinin, insanın başkalarını tanıması ve bu şekilde karakterlerine göre muamale etmesi, hayır ve şerrin kimden geleceğini bilerek amel etmesinin sağlanması, yaratılışın sırlarını bilmesi ve ebedî mutluluğa vakıf olmayı öğrenmesi olarak zikredildiği görülür.
Kıyâfet-nâme türünün Türk edebiyatındaki manzum örneklerinden biri II.Bayezid devri şairlerinden Bursalı Murâdî’ye aittir. Murâdî'nin Kıyâfet-nâmesi’nde insana ait fizikî özellikler yirmi fasılda değerlendirilmiştir. Eserde yer alan değerlendirmelerin, Türk edebiyatında kıyâfetnâme türünün öne çıkan örnekleri olarak kabul edilen Hamdullah Hamdî, Erzurumlu İbrahim Hakkı ve Şaban-ı Sivrihisarî'nin Kıyâfet-nâme'leriyle büyük ölçüde benzerlik gösterdiği görülmektedir. Bu makalede önce kıyâfet-nâmelerin Arap, Fars ve Türk edebiyatlarındaki örnekleri hakkında bilgi verilmiş, ardından Bursalı Murâdî’nin Kıyâfet-nâmesi şekil ve muhteva özellikleri açısından incelenmiştir. İçerdiği hükümler açısından türün öne çıkan diğer örnekleriyle mukayese edilen eser ilk kez neşredilmiştir.
Kıyâfet-name is the science that deals with making predictions and determinations about a person's morals and character by looking at his organs and physical characteristics such as hair, eyes, hands and feet. Although the existence of determinations about personality traits, taking into account the physical structure of man, dates back to ancient times, as a literary type, kıyâfet-nâme has entered Turkish literature through Arabic and Persian sources. There are many examples of kıyâfet-names in Turkish literature, in which the subjects related to making judgments about the inner world of a person based on his outer appearance are handled. In the first example of the type in Turkish literature, the reason for copyright is mentioned as knowing the points to be considered in the purchase of male servants and concubines. In the kıyâfet-names written in the following periods, it is seen that the reason for copyright is mentioned as recognizing others and treating them according to their characters in this way, enabling one to act by knowing from whom good and evil will come, knowing the secrets of creation and learning to have eternal happiness.
One of the poetic examples of kıyâfet-nâme in Turkish literature belongs to Murâdî, one of the poets of the Bayezid II period. In Murâdî's Kıyâfet-nâme, the physical characteristics of human beings are evaluated in twenty chapters. It is seen that the evaluations in the work are largely similar to the Kıyâfet-names of Hamdullah Hamdî, Erzurumlu İbrahim Hakkı and Şaban-ı Sivrihisarî, which are considered to be prominent examples of kıyâfe-nâme in Turkish literature. In this article, firstly, information about the examples of kıyâfet-names in Arabic, Persian and Turkish literature was given, then Murâdî's Kıyâfet-name was examined in terms of its form and content. The work, which is compared with other prominent examples of the type in terms of the provisions it contains, was published for the first time.
Primary Language | Turkish |
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Subjects | Religious Studies |
Journal Section | Research Articles |
Authors | |
Publication Date | December 31, 2022 |
Published in Issue | Year 2022 Volume: 52 Issue: 2 |