Research Article
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Year 2026, Volume: 14 Issue: 38, 197 - 225, 24.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.31126/akrajournal.1738742
https://izlik.org/JA25XF27UE

Abstract

References

  • Alptekin, C. (2002). Towards intercultural communicative competence in ELT. ELT Journal, 56(1), 57–64. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/56.1.57
  • Beach, R. (1993). A teacher’s introduction to reader-response theories. Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English.
  • Bleich, D. (1988). The double perspective: Language, literacy, and social relati-ons. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualita-tive Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
  • Carrell, P. L. (1984). Schema theory and ESL reading: Classroom implications and applications. The Modern Language Journal, 68(4), 332–343. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.1984.tb02509.x
  • Carrell, P. L., & Eisterhold, J. C. (1983). Schema theory and ESL reading peda-gogy. In P. L. Carrell, J. Devine, & D. Eskey (Eds.), Interactive approaches to second language reading (pp. 73–92). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • El-Shamy, H. M. (1995). Folk traditions of the Arab world: A guide to motifs, classifications and folklore themes (Vols. 1–2). Bloomington, IN: Indiana Univer-sity Press.
  • Hallaq, W. B. (2008). Arabic folklore and culture: The soul of the people. Cairo, Egypt: The American University in Cairo Press.
  • Johnson, P. (1981). Effects on reading comprehension of language complexity and cultural background of a text. TESOL Quarterly, 15(2), 169–181. https://doi.org/10.2307/3586230
  • Johnson, P. (1982). Effects on reading comprehension of building background knowledge. TESOL Quarterly, 16(4), 503–516. https://doi.org/10.2307/3586468
  • Kecskes, I. (2014). Intercultural pragmatics. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
  • Kramsch, C. (1993). Context and culture in language teaching. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
  • Paran, A. (2008). The role of literature in instructed foreign language learning and teaching: An evidence-based survey. Language Teaching, 41(4), 465–496. https://doi.org/10.1017/S026144480800520X
  • Pulvermacher, D., & Pritchard, R. M. O. (2015). Interpreting oral traditions: Te-aching Native American storytelling in the classroom. Journal of American Indian Education, 54(1), 48–64.
  • Pulverness, A. (2003). Literature and cultural awareness. Modern English Teacher, 12(1), 29–32.
  • Rosenblatt, L. M. (1978). The reader, the text, the poem: The transactional the-ory of the literary work. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press.
  • Rosenblatt, L. M. (1988). Writing and reading: The transactional theory. Occasi-onal Paper No. 13. Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English.
  • Saito, H. (2010). Actor-network theory and methodology: Insights for the analy-sis of cross-cultural encounters in language education. Language and Intercultural Communication, 10(3), 231–247.
  • Wallace, C. (1992). Reading. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
  • Zarrillo, J. J. (2005). Teaching elementary social studies: Principles and appli-cations (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Merrill Prentice Hall.

Arap Halk Masallarının Yorumlanmasında Okuyucuların Kültürel ve Dilsel Yakınlığının Rolü

Year 2026, Volume: 14 Issue: 38, 197 - 225, 24.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.31126/akrajournal.1738742
https://izlik.org/JA25XF27UE

Abstract

Bu çalışma, kültürel ve dilsel yakınlığın okuyucuların Arap halk masallarını nasıl yorumladıklarını nasıl şekillendirdiğini incelemektedir. Şema kuramı ve okuyucu-tepkisi kuramına dayanan araştırma, dört farklı grubun -ana dili Arapça olanlar, köken dili Arapça olanlar, Arapçayı yabancı dil olarak konuşanlar ve ileri düzey Arapça öğrenenler-kültürel açıdan zengin anlatılara, çeviri yoluyla nasıl yaklaştıklarını araştırmaktadır. Çalışmanın amaçlarına uygun olarak geniş bir kültürel ve dilsel yelpazeyi kapsamak üzere, akademik ağlar ve öğretim elemanı yönlendirmeleri aracılığıyla toplam kırk katılımcı özenle seçilmiştir. Katılımcılardan, İngilizceye çevrilmiş beş Arap halk masalını okumaları ve yorumlarını ortaya çıkarmayı amaçlayan açık uçlu sorulara yanıt vermeleri istenmiştir. Daha küçük bir grup ise uyarıcı geri çağırma tekniğiyle yapılan takip görüşmelerine katılmış ve bu sayede hem bilişsel gerekçeleri hem de duygusal tepkileri daha derinlemesine incelenebilmiştir. Veriler NVivo 14 yazılımı kullanılarak tematik olarak analiz edilmiş; tümevarımsal ve tümdengelimsel kodlama stratejileri birlikte uygulanmıştır. Bulgular, gruplar arasında belirgin yorum farklılıkları olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Anlatılarla kültürel bağı güçlü olan okuyucular -özellikle ana dili ve köken dili Arapça olanlar -sembolik unsurları daha kolay kavramış, anlatılara daha yoğun duygusal tepkiler vermiş ve ahlaki temaları anlatının özgün kültürel bağlamına daha yakın biçimde yorumlamıştır. Buna karşılık, dilsel yeterliliğe sahip olsalar da Arapçayı sonradan öğrenenler ve ileri düzey öğrenciler, cömertlik, adalet ve kurnazlık gibi temel temaları sıklıkla farklı kültürel şemalar üzerinden okuyarak yanlış ya da yeniden yorumlama eğiliminde olmuşlardır. Özellikle mizah ve hiciv unsurları, kültürel göndermelere aşina olmayan okuyucular için büyük zorluk yaratmıştır. Genel olarak çalışma, edebî yorumlamada kültürel şemaların etkinleştirilmesinin önemine dair mevcut araştırmaları desteklemekte ve yalnızca dil yeterliliğinin kültürel anlamayı garanti etmediğini vurgulamaktadır. Sonuç olarak, öğrencilerin farklı kültürel dünyalara ait metinleri anlamlandırmalarına destek olmak için, okuma öncesi kültürel çerçeveleme, yansıtıcı görevler ve rehberli yorumlama gibi kültürel açıdan duyarlı öğretim uygulamalarının değerini ortaya koymaktadır.

References

  • Alptekin, C. (2002). Towards intercultural communicative competence in ELT. ELT Journal, 56(1), 57–64. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/56.1.57
  • Beach, R. (1993). A teacher’s introduction to reader-response theories. Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English.
  • Bleich, D. (1988). The double perspective: Language, literacy, and social relati-ons. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualita-tive Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
  • Carrell, P. L. (1984). Schema theory and ESL reading: Classroom implications and applications. The Modern Language Journal, 68(4), 332–343. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.1984.tb02509.x
  • Carrell, P. L., & Eisterhold, J. C. (1983). Schema theory and ESL reading peda-gogy. In P. L. Carrell, J. Devine, & D. Eskey (Eds.), Interactive approaches to second language reading (pp. 73–92). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • El-Shamy, H. M. (1995). Folk traditions of the Arab world: A guide to motifs, classifications and folklore themes (Vols. 1–2). Bloomington, IN: Indiana Univer-sity Press.
  • Hallaq, W. B. (2008). Arabic folklore and culture: The soul of the people. Cairo, Egypt: The American University in Cairo Press.
  • Johnson, P. (1981). Effects on reading comprehension of language complexity and cultural background of a text. TESOL Quarterly, 15(2), 169–181. https://doi.org/10.2307/3586230
  • Johnson, P. (1982). Effects on reading comprehension of building background knowledge. TESOL Quarterly, 16(4), 503–516. https://doi.org/10.2307/3586468
  • Kecskes, I. (2014). Intercultural pragmatics. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
  • Kramsch, C. (1993). Context and culture in language teaching. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
  • Paran, A. (2008). The role of literature in instructed foreign language learning and teaching: An evidence-based survey. Language Teaching, 41(4), 465–496. https://doi.org/10.1017/S026144480800520X
  • Pulvermacher, D., & Pritchard, R. M. O. (2015). Interpreting oral traditions: Te-aching Native American storytelling in the classroom. Journal of American Indian Education, 54(1), 48–64.
  • Pulverness, A. (2003). Literature and cultural awareness. Modern English Teacher, 12(1), 29–32.
  • Rosenblatt, L. M. (1978). The reader, the text, the poem: The transactional the-ory of the literary work. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press.
  • Rosenblatt, L. M. (1988). Writing and reading: The transactional theory. Occasi-onal Paper No. 13. Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English.
  • Saito, H. (2010). Actor-network theory and methodology: Insights for the analy-sis of cross-cultural encounters in language education. Language and Intercultural Communication, 10(3), 231–247.
  • Wallace, C. (1992). Reading. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
  • Zarrillo, J. J. (2005). Teaching elementary social studies: Principles and appli-cations (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Merrill Prentice Hall.

The Role Of Readers’ Cultural and Linguistic Proximity in The Interpretation Of Arabic Folktales Translated into English

Year 2026, Volume: 14 Issue: 38, 197 - 225, 24.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.31126/akrajournal.1738742
https://izlik.org/JA25XF27UE

Abstract

This study explores how cultural and linguistic proximity shape the ways readers interpret Arabic folktales. Grounded in schema theory and reader-response theory, the research examines how four groups-native Arabic speakers, heritage speakers, non-native speakers, and advanced learners of Arabic-engage with culturally rich narratives when reading them in translation. Forty participants were purposefully selected through academic networks and faculty referrals to ensure a broad range of cultural and linguistic backgrounds that aligned with the aims of the study. Participants were invited to read five Arabic folktales translated into English and respond to a set of open-ended questions designed to capture their interpretati-ons. A smaller group also took part in follow-up stimulated recall interviews, which provided additional insights into their reasoning and emotional engagement. The data were analyzed thematically using NVivo 14, drawing on both inductive and deductive coding strategies. The findings point to marked differences in interpreta-tion between groups. Readers with close cultural ties to the narratives-particularly native and heritage speakers-tended to grasp symbolic elements more readily, respond with deeper emotional resonance, and interpret moral themes in ways clo-sely aligned with the original cultural context. In contrast, non-native speakers and advanced learners, though linguistically capable, often misread or reinterpreted key ideas-such as generosity, justice, and trickery-through cultural frameworks that were less aligned with those embedded in the stories. Humor and satire, in particular, proved challenging for readers unfamiliar with the cultural references. Overall, the study reinforces existing research on the importance of activating cultural schemata in literary interpretation and highlights that language fluency alone does not ensure cultural understanding. It concludes by emphasizing the value of culturally responsive teaching practices—such as pre-reading cultural framing, reflective tasks, and guided interpretation-to support learners in navigating literature from unfamiliar cultural worlds.

References

  • Alptekin, C. (2002). Towards intercultural communicative competence in ELT. ELT Journal, 56(1), 57–64. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/56.1.57
  • Beach, R. (1993). A teacher’s introduction to reader-response theories. Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English.
  • Bleich, D. (1988). The double perspective: Language, literacy, and social relati-ons. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualita-tive Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
  • Carrell, P. L. (1984). Schema theory and ESL reading: Classroom implications and applications. The Modern Language Journal, 68(4), 332–343. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.1984.tb02509.x
  • Carrell, P. L., & Eisterhold, J. C. (1983). Schema theory and ESL reading peda-gogy. In P. L. Carrell, J. Devine, & D. Eskey (Eds.), Interactive approaches to second language reading (pp. 73–92). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • El-Shamy, H. M. (1995). Folk traditions of the Arab world: A guide to motifs, classifications and folklore themes (Vols. 1–2). Bloomington, IN: Indiana Univer-sity Press.
  • Hallaq, W. B. (2008). Arabic folklore and culture: The soul of the people. Cairo, Egypt: The American University in Cairo Press.
  • Johnson, P. (1981). Effects on reading comprehension of language complexity and cultural background of a text. TESOL Quarterly, 15(2), 169–181. https://doi.org/10.2307/3586230
  • Johnson, P. (1982). Effects on reading comprehension of building background knowledge. TESOL Quarterly, 16(4), 503–516. https://doi.org/10.2307/3586468
  • Kecskes, I. (2014). Intercultural pragmatics. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
  • Kramsch, C. (1993). Context and culture in language teaching. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
  • Paran, A. (2008). The role of literature in instructed foreign language learning and teaching: An evidence-based survey. Language Teaching, 41(4), 465–496. https://doi.org/10.1017/S026144480800520X
  • Pulvermacher, D., & Pritchard, R. M. O. (2015). Interpreting oral traditions: Te-aching Native American storytelling in the classroom. Journal of American Indian Education, 54(1), 48–64.
  • Pulverness, A. (2003). Literature and cultural awareness. Modern English Teacher, 12(1), 29–32.
  • Rosenblatt, L. M. (1978). The reader, the text, the poem: The transactional the-ory of the literary work. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press.
  • Rosenblatt, L. M. (1988). Writing and reading: The transactional theory. Occasi-onal Paper No. 13. Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English.
  • Saito, H. (2010). Actor-network theory and methodology: Insights for the analy-sis of cross-cultural encounters in language education. Language and Intercultural Communication, 10(3), 231–247.
  • Wallace, C. (1992). Reading. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
  • Zarrillo, J. J. (2005). Teaching elementary social studies: Principles and appli-cations (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Merrill Prentice Hall.
There are 20 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects World Languages, Literature and Culture (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Saida Tobbi 0009-0005-9602-3411

Submission Date July 9, 2025
Acceptance Date November 23, 2025
Publication Date March 24, 2026
DOI https://doi.org/10.31126/akrajournal.1738742
IZ https://izlik.org/JA25XF27UE
Published in Issue Year 2026 Volume: 14 Issue: 38

Cite

APA Tobbi, S. (2026). The Role Of Readers’ Cultural and Linguistic Proximity in The Interpretation Of Arabic Folktales Translated into English. AKRA Kültür Sanat Ve Edebiyat Dergisi, 14(38), 197-225. https://doi.org/10.31126/akrajournal.1738742

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