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IMAGO FEMINA: IMAGE OF WOMAN IN PAPA FRANCIS

Year 2020, Volume: 8 Issue: 22, 83 - 105, 30.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.31126/akrajournal.770830

Abstract

Pope Francis, who has been the spiritual leader of the Catholic world since 2013, has signed the practices that will be defined as the first unprecedented in terms of the history of the Roman Catholic Church. In addition to his conservative stance on canon laws, his reformist personality open to innovations constructing new discourses on many issues that the Roman Catholic Church considers taboo Pope Francis' attitude towards women, which is an important issue both theologically and socio-culturally, are among the issues that arouse curiosity and are waiting to be clarified. Drawing attention to the complementary role of women in both family and social life, Francis states that the Church cannot be considered as being without women. Considering that feminine genius is necessary in every field of life due to its openness and rich perspective, Pope also states that more work should be done in developing women's theology in the Church. This article, which deals with the image of women, the image of women in the speeches, studies and documents published by Pope Francis in terms of theo-anthropologically, on the basis of the family and the Church, as well as includes the portrait of religious women in the context of Mariology, and feminal problems in the context of ecclesiology.

References

  • Allen, John L.; The Francis Miracle: Inside the Transformation of the Pope and Church, Time Books Publishing, New York 2015. Anne E. Patrick, “Women in the Church in the Age of Francis”, Matter of Spirit, S. 107, 2015, ss. 1-17.
  • Asife Ünal, “Hıristiyanlık’ta Kadın ve Aile Anlayışına Genel Bir Bakış”, Dinler Tarihi Araştırmaları III-2000. Yılında Hıristiyanlık (Dünü, bugünü ve Geleceği), Dinler Tarihi Derneği Yayınları, Ankara 2002.
  • Austen Ivereigh, The Great Reformer: Francis and the Making of a Radical Pope, Henry Holt Company Publishing, New York 2014.
  • B. E. Reid, “Woman”, New Catholic Encyclopedia, Vol. XVI, Ed. Berard L. Marthaler, Thomson Gale Publisher, New York 2003, ss. 812-832.
  • Cengiz Batuk, “İsa Mesih Kadınları da Kurtaracak mı? Hıristiyanlıkta Kadın Pope Francis and Interreligious Dialogue, Sorununa Genel Bir Bakış”, Dini Araştırmalar Dergisi, C. 11, S. 31, 2008, ss. 19-48.
  • Egnell, Helene ;“Is Pope Francis an Anonymous Feminist?”, Ed. Herold Kasimow, Alan Race, Macmillan Publishing, Switzerland 2018, ss.113-129.
  • Fainche Ryan, “Women”, The Furrow, Vol. 64, 2013, ss. 589-592.
  • Fatmagül Berktay, Tek Tanrılı Dinler Karşısında Kadın-Hıristiyanlıkta ve İslamiyette Kadının Statüsüne Karşılaştırmalı Bir Yaklaşım, Metis Yayınları, İstanbul 2016.
  • Henry Bettenson, The Early Christian Fathers, Oxford University Press, London 1969.
  • İlbey Dölek, “Feminist Kristoloji Bağlamında Yeni Ahit Metinlerindeki Kadınların Konumu ve Rolü”, Antakiyat/Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, S. 2, ss. 32-50.
  • İsmail Taşpınar, “Yahudilik ve Hıristiyanlık’ta Kadın”, Köprü Dergisi, S. 113, 2011, ss. 113-134.
  • James A. Brundage, Law, Sex and Christian Society in Medieval Europe, University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London, 1987.
  • Jill Peterfeso, “Vatican II and The History of Interpretation the Case of Roman Catholic Womenpriests”, The Long Shadow of Vatican II, Eds. Lucas Van Rompay, Sam Miglarese and David Morgans, University of North Carolina Press, s. 82-101.
  • John Ferguson, Clement of Alexandria, Twayne Publishers, New York 1974.
  • Jorge Mario Bergoglio, Abraham Skorka, On Heaven and Earth Pope Francis on Faith, Family, and the Church in the Twenty-First Century, çev. Alejandro Bermudez, Howard Goodman, Bloomsbury Publishing, London 2013.
  • L. F. Cervantes, L. Harringtion, “Woman”, New Catholic Encyclopedia, Vol. XVI, Ed. Berard L. Marthaler, Thomson Gale Publisher, New York 2003, ss. 812-819.
  • Marco Politi, Pope Francis Among the Wolves The Inside Story of a Revolution, çev. William McCuaig, Columbia University Press, New York 2014.
  • Martha A. Brozyna, Gender and Sexuality in the Middle Ages, McFarland Company, North Carolina 2005.
  • Mayo Moran, “Cardinal Sins: How The Catholic Church Sexual Abuse Crisis Changed Private Law”, Forthcoming in the Georgetown Journal of Gender and the Law, Vol. XXI, 2019, ss. 95-142.
  • Musa Kaval, “İlahi Dinlerde Kadın’ın Kıymet Problemi”, Akademik Bakış Dergisi, S. 55, 2016, ss. 306-324.
  • Mustafa Alıcı, “Mutfakta Pişir Mutfakta Ye: Çağdaş Dinler Tarihi Metodolojisinde Feminist Yaklaşım”, Milel ve Nihal İnanç, Kültür ve Mitoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi, S. 2, 2005, ss. 81-110.
  • _____, “Kur’an-ı Kerim ve Katolik Meryem Teolojisi (Mariology ve Kur’an-ı Kerim)”, Akra Kültür Sanat ve Edebiyat Dergisi, S. 9, 2016, ss. 103-115.
  • Paul Vallely, Pope Francis Untying the Knots The Struggle for The Soul of Catholicism, Bloomsbury Publishing, New York 2015.
  • Peter McKenzie, The Christians Their Beliefs and Practices, Abingdon Press, London 1988.
  • Pope Francis and Antonio Spadaro, “The Heart of a Jesuit Pope: Interview with Pope Francis”, An Irish Quarterly Review, Vol. 102, ss. 255-278.
  • Pope Francis, On The Family, çev. L’Osservatore Romano, Ignatius Press, Vatican 2015.
  • Pope Francis, The Church of Mercy: A Vision for the Church, Loyola Press, Chicago 2014.
  • Randi R., Warne, “Gender”, Guide to The Study of Religion, Ed. Willi Braun, Russell T. McCutcheon, London- New York 2000.
  • R. Mcdermott, “Woman, Canon Law on”, New Catholic Encyclopedia, Vol. XVI, Ed. Berard L. Marthaler, Thomson Gale Publisher, New York 2003, ss. 819-821.
  • Rosemary Radford Reuther, Women and Redemption: A Theological History, Fortress Press, Minneapolis 1998.
  • Rosemary Reuther, “Misogynism and Virginal Feminism in the Fathers of the Church”, Religion and Sexism: Images of Woman in the Jewish and Christian Traditions, Simon and Schuster Company, New York 1974.
  • Tertullian, “On the Apparel of Women”, A Select Library Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church, Ed. Philip Schaff, Buffalo 1886.
  • Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologica V, çev. Fathers of the English Dominican Province, Cosimo Publishing, New York 2007.
  • Ursula King, “Introduction: Gender and the Study of Religion”, Religion and Gender, Ed. Ursula King, Oxford 1995. Ömer Faruk Harman, “Kadın”, TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi, C. XXVI, TDV Yayınları, İstanbul 2001, ss.82-86.
  • İnternet Siteleri http://w2.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/travels/2019/outside/documents/papa-francesco-emiratiarabiuniti-2019.html (07.05.2020).
  • http://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/messages/communications/documents/papa-francesco_20150123_messaggio-comunicazioni-sociali.html (07.05.2020).
  • http://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/apost_exhortations/documents/papa-francesco_esortazione-ap_20131124_evangelii-gaudium.html (01.06.2020)
  • http://www.vatican.va/content/dam/francesco/pdf/apost_constitutions/documents/papa-francesco_costituzione-ap_20160629_vultum-dei-quaerere_en.pdf(01.06.2020)
  • http://w2.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/letters/2014/documents/papa-francesco_20140322_chirografo-pontificia-commissione-tutela-minori.html (28.06.2020)
  • http://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/apost_exhortations/documents/papa-francesco_esortazione-ap_20190325_christus-vivit.ht (02.06.2020)
  • http://www.vatican.va/content/dam/francesco/pdf/apost_exhortations/documents/papa-francesco_esortazione-ap_20160319_amoris-laetitia_en.pdf(01.06.2020)
  • http://womensordinationcampaign.org/blog-working-for-womens-equality-and-ordination-in-the-catholic-church/2020/1/22/maria-20-germany (02.06.2020)
  • http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/laici-famiglia-vita/documents/rc_laici-famiglia-vita_20170720_note-storiche_en.html (02.06.2020)
  • https://www.ncronline.org/news/vatican/theologians-praise-popes-historic-appointment-women-members-vatican-congregation (02.06.2020)
  • http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19651207_gaudium-et-spes_en.html (17.06.2020)
  • http://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_jp-ii_enc_14091981_laborem-exercens.html (17.06.2020)
  • http://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/speeches/2013/may/documents/papa-francesco_20130531_conclusione-mese-mariano.html (09.05.2020).
  • https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2019-12/pope-abolishes-pontifical-secret-sexual-abuse-clergy.html (28.06.2020)
  • https://www.vaticannews.va/en/vatican-city/news/2020-01/pope-appoints-woman-undersecretary-in-secretariat-of-state.html (02.06.2020)
  • http://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/apost_exhortations/documents/papa-francesco_esortazione-ap_20131124_evangelii-gaudium.html (09.07.2020)
  • http://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/encyclicals/documents/papa-francesco_20150524_enciclica-laudato-si.html (09.07.2020)

IMAGO FEMINA: PAPA FRANCIS’TE KADIN İMGESİ

Year 2020, Volume: 8 Issue: 22, 83 - 105, 30.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.31126/akrajournal.770830

Abstract

2013 yılından beri Katolik dünyasının ruhani liderliği görevini yürüten Papa Francis, Roma Katolik Kilisesi tarihi açısından daha önce görülmemiş ilk olarak tanımlanacak uygulamalara imza atmıştır. Kilise yasalarına ilişkin muhafazakar duruşunun yanı sıra yeniliklere açık reformist kişiliğiyle Katolik Kilisesi’nin tabu olarak gördüğü birçok mesele üzerine yeni söylemler inşa eden Papa Francis’in hem teolojik hem de sosyo-kültürel açıdan önemli bir mesele olan kadın konusundaki tutumu da merak uyandıran ve açıklığa kavuşturulmayı bekleyen hususlar arasındadır.
Kadının hem aile hem de toplumsal hayatta tamamlayıcılık rolüne dikkat çeken Francis, Kilise’nin de kadınlar olmadan düşünülemeyeceğini dile getirmektedir. Yeniliklere açık ve zengin bir bakış açısına sahip oluşu dolayısıyla kadınsı dehanın hayatın her alanında gerekli olduğunu düşünen Papa, Kilise’de kadın teolojisi geliştirme konusunda daha fazla çalışılması gerektiğini de dile getirmektedir.
Papa Francis’in yayımladığı belgeler, konuşmaları ve çalışmalarındaki kadın imgesini teo-antropolojik açıdan, aile ve Kilise temelinde ele alan bu çalışma, buna ilave olarak eklesiyoloji bağlamında yaşanan feminal sorunlar ile Mariyoloji bağlamında ortaya konan dindar kadın portresine de yer vermektedir.

References

  • Allen, John L.; The Francis Miracle: Inside the Transformation of the Pope and Church, Time Books Publishing, New York 2015. Anne E. Patrick, “Women in the Church in the Age of Francis”, Matter of Spirit, S. 107, 2015, ss. 1-17.
  • Asife Ünal, “Hıristiyanlık’ta Kadın ve Aile Anlayışına Genel Bir Bakış”, Dinler Tarihi Araştırmaları III-2000. Yılında Hıristiyanlık (Dünü, bugünü ve Geleceği), Dinler Tarihi Derneği Yayınları, Ankara 2002.
  • Austen Ivereigh, The Great Reformer: Francis and the Making of a Radical Pope, Henry Holt Company Publishing, New York 2014.
  • B. E. Reid, “Woman”, New Catholic Encyclopedia, Vol. XVI, Ed. Berard L. Marthaler, Thomson Gale Publisher, New York 2003, ss. 812-832.
  • Cengiz Batuk, “İsa Mesih Kadınları da Kurtaracak mı? Hıristiyanlıkta Kadın Pope Francis and Interreligious Dialogue, Sorununa Genel Bir Bakış”, Dini Araştırmalar Dergisi, C. 11, S. 31, 2008, ss. 19-48.
  • Egnell, Helene ;“Is Pope Francis an Anonymous Feminist?”, Ed. Herold Kasimow, Alan Race, Macmillan Publishing, Switzerland 2018, ss.113-129.
  • Fainche Ryan, “Women”, The Furrow, Vol. 64, 2013, ss. 589-592.
  • Fatmagül Berktay, Tek Tanrılı Dinler Karşısında Kadın-Hıristiyanlıkta ve İslamiyette Kadının Statüsüne Karşılaştırmalı Bir Yaklaşım, Metis Yayınları, İstanbul 2016.
  • Henry Bettenson, The Early Christian Fathers, Oxford University Press, London 1969.
  • İlbey Dölek, “Feminist Kristoloji Bağlamında Yeni Ahit Metinlerindeki Kadınların Konumu ve Rolü”, Antakiyat/Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, S. 2, ss. 32-50.
  • İsmail Taşpınar, “Yahudilik ve Hıristiyanlık’ta Kadın”, Köprü Dergisi, S. 113, 2011, ss. 113-134.
  • James A. Brundage, Law, Sex and Christian Society in Medieval Europe, University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London, 1987.
  • Jill Peterfeso, “Vatican II and The History of Interpretation the Case of Roman Catholic Womenpriests”, The Long Shadow of Vatican II, Eds. Lucas Van Rompay, Sam Miglarese and David Morgans, University of North Carolina Press, s. 82-101.
  • John Ferguson, Clement of Alexandria, Twayne Publishers, New York 1974.
  • Jorge Mario Bergoglio, Abraham Skorka, On Heaven and Earth Pope Francis on Faith, Family, and the Church in the Twenty-First Century, çev. Alejandro Bermudez, Howard Goodman, Bloomsbury Publishing, London 2013.
  • L. F. Cervantes, L. Harringtion, “Woman”, New Catholic Encyclopedia, Vol. XVI, Ed. Berard L. Marthaler, Thomson Gale Publisher, New York 2003, ss. 812-819.
  • Marco Politi, Pope Francis Among the Wolves The Inside Story of a Revolution, çev. William McCuaig, Columbia University Press, New York 2014.
  • Martha A. Brozyna, Gender and Sexuality in the Middle Ages, McFarland Company, North Carolina 2005.
  • Mayo Moran, “Cardinal Sins: How The Catholic Church Sexual Abuse Crisis Changed Private Law”, Forthcoming in the Georgetown Journal of Gender and the Law, Vol. XXI, 2019, ss. 95-142.
  • Musa Kaval, “İlahi Dinlerde Kadın’ın Kıymet Problemi”, Akademik Bakış Dergisi, S. 55, 2016, ss. 306-324.
  • Mustafa Alıcı, “Mutfakta Pişir Mutfakta Ye: Çağdaş Dinler Tarihi Metodolojisinde Feminist Yaklaşım”, Milel ve Nihal İnanç, Kültür ve Mitoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi, S. 2, 2005, ss. 81-110.
  • _____, “Kur’an-ı Kerim ve Katolik Meryem Teolojisi (Mariology ve Kur’an-ı Kerim)”, Akra Kültür Sanat ve Edebiyat Dergisi, S. 9, 2016, ss. 103-115.
  • Paul Vallely, Pope Francis Untying the Knots The Struggle for The Soul of Catholicism, Bloomsbury Publishing, New York 2015.
  • Peter McKenzie, The Christians Their Beliefs and Practices, Abingdon Press, London 1988.
  • Pope Francis and Antonio Spadaro, “The Heart of a Jesuit Pope: Interview with Pope Francis”, An Irish Quarterly Review, Vol. 102, ss. 255-278.
  • Pope Francis, On The Family, çev. L’Osservatore Romano, Ignatius Press, Vatican 2015.
  • Pope Francis, The Church of Mercy: A Vision for the Church, Loyola Press, Chicago 2014.
  • Randi R., Warne, “Gender”, Guide to The Study of Religion, Ed. Willi Braun, Russell T. McCutcheon, London- New York 2000.
  • R. Mcdermott, “Woman, Canon Law on”, New Catholic Encyclopedia, Vol. XVI, Ed. Berard L. Marthaler, Thomson Gale Publisher, New York 2003, ss. 819-821.
  • Rosemary Radford Reuther, Women and Redemption: A Theological History, Fortress Press, Minneapolis 1998.
  • Rosemary Reuther, “Misogynism and Virginal Feminism in the Fathers of the Church”, Religion and Sexism: Images of Woman in the Jewish and Christian Traditions, Simon and Schuster Company, New York 1974.
  • Tertullian, “On the Apparel of Women”, A Select Library Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church, Ed. Philip Schaff, Buffalo 1886.
  • Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologica V, çev. Fathers of the English Dominican Province, Cosimo Publishing, New York 2007.
  • Ursula King, “Introduction: Gender and the Study of Religion”, Religion and Gender, Ed. Ursula King, Oxford 1995. Ömer Faruk Harman, “Kadın”, TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi, C. XXVI, TDV Yayınları, İstanbul 2001, ss.82-86.
  • İnternet Siteleri http://w2.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/travels/2019/outside/documents/papa-francesco-emiratiarabiuniti-2019.html (07.05.2020).
  • http://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/messages/communications/documents/papa-francesco_20150123_messaggio-comunicazioni-sociali.html (07.05.2020).
  • http://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/apost_exhortations/documents/papa-francesco_esortazione-ap_20131124_evangelii-gaudium.html (01.06.2020)
  • http://www.vatican.va/content/dam/francesco/pdf/apost_constitutions/documents/papa-francesco_costituzione-ap_20160629_vultum-dei-quaerere_en.pdf(01.06.2020)
  • http://w2.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/letters/2014/documents/papa-francesco_20140322_chirografo-pontificia-commissione-tutela-minori.html (28.06.2020)
  • http://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/apost_exhortations/documents/papa-francesco_esortazione-ap_20190325_christus-vivit.ht (02.06.2020)
  • http://www.vatican.va/content/dam/francesco/pdf/apost_exhortations/documents/papa-francesco_esortazione-ap_20160319_amoris-laetitia_en.pdf(01.06.2020)
  • http://womensordinationcampaign.org/blog-working-for-womens-equality-and-ordination-in-the-catholic-church/2020/1/22/maria-20-germany (02.06.2020)
  • http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/laici-famiglia-vita/documents/rc_laici-famiglia-vita_20170720_note-storiche_en.html (02.06.2020)
  • https://www.ncronline.org/news/vatican/theologians-praise-popes-historic-appointment-women-members-vatican-congregation (02.06.2020)
  • http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19651207_gaudium-et-spes_en.html (17.06.2020)
  • http://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_jp-ii_enc_14091981_laborem-exercens.html (17.06.2020)
  • http://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/speeches/2013/may/documents/papa-francesco_20130531_conclusione-mese-mariano.html (09.05.2020).
  • https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2019-12/pope-abolishes-pontifical-secret-sexual-abuse-clergy.html (28.06.2020)
  • https://www.vaticannews.va/en/vatican-city/news/2020-01/pope-appoints-woman-undersecretary-in-secretariat-of-state.html (02.06.2020)
  • http://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/apost_exhortations/documents/papa-francesco_esortazione-ap_20131124_evangelii-gaudium.html (09.07.2020)
  • http://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/encyclicals/documents/papa-francesco_20150524_enciclica-laudato-si.html (09.07.2020)
There are 51 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Duygu Mete 0000-0002-6261-5428

Publication Date September 30, 2020
Acceptance Date August 25, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 8 Issue: 22

Cite

APA Mete, D. (2020). IMAGO FEMINA: PAPA FRANCIS’TE KADIN İMGESİ. AKRA Kültür Sanat Ve Edebiyat Dergisi, 8(22), 83-105. https://doi.org/10.31126/akrajournal.770830

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