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Observations on the Foraging Behaviors of Commercial Bumble Bee Colonies in Prunus avium Orchards

Year 2023, , 837 - 842, 31.08.2023
https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.1269156

Abstract

Prunus avium blooming period starts in early spring. The uncertain climatic conditions in this period can cause mis-pollination syndromes. It could be directly because of the frozen days or non-forgeable conditions for the possible pollinators or indirectly the poor quality of surrounding habitat and lack of pollinators. When wild pollinators are scarce owing to one of these reasons, introduction of commercial pollinators can be a solution to ensure pollination. Within this context, commercial bombus colonies were chosen as insurance for the pollination of sweet cherries. In the blooming period of Prunus avium, for two years-with totally 120 transect observations, the daily foraging activities of these bumblebees were investigated in Sultandağı-Afyonkarahisar. Before the settlement of the hives in the field, trees were marked with different colored stripes every 10 meters which makes it possible to follow how far the bumblebees fly and forage in the field. Starting at 7:00, 9:00, 11:00, 14:00, 16:00, and 18:00, six times a day, with transect observations, the number of the foragers on cherries was recorded. The average number of flowers they visit per minute was calculated. The plants blooming simultaneously with cherry trees in the trial area were determined. Pollen preferences of foragers were examined with their cobicular pollen loads. The actual foraging range was found as 10-40 meters away from the hives, the maximum activities were recorded before the noon. The average number of visited flowers per minute for bumblebees was ~ 8 flowers. Taraxacum spp. and Lamium spp. pollen were found, but cherry preference was determined to be almost 90%. It is still an uncommon agricultural practice to use commercial bumble bees in open fields, especially for the plants which have very early blooming periods in early spring, it is thought that they are very good manageable pollinator agents according to their foraging capacities.

Thanks

Many thanks to Koppert Biological Control and Pollination Systems Ltd. (Turkey) for their contributions.

References

  • Dirlewanger, E., Cosson, P., Tavaud, M., Aranzana, M. J., Poizat, C., Zanetto, A., Arus, P., Laigret, F., 2002. Development of microsatellite markers in peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] and their use in genetic diversity analysis in peach and sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.). Theoretical & Applied Genetics, 105,1.
  • Mariette, S., Tavaud, M., Arunyawat, U., Capdeville, G., Millan, M., & Salin, F., 2010. Population structure and genetic bottleneck in sweet cherry estimated with SSRs and the gametophytic self-incompatibility locus. Bmc Genetics, 11, 1-13.
  • Basanta, M. F., de Escalada Plá, M. F., Raffo, M. D., Stortz, C. A., Rojas, A. M., 2014. Cherry fibers isolated from harvest residues as valuable dietary fiber and functional food ingredients. Journal of Food Engineering, 126, 149-155.
  • Bastos, C., Barros, L., Dueñas, M., Calhelha, R. C., Queiroz, M. J. R., Santos-Buelga, C., & Ferreira, I. C., 2015. Chemical characterisation and bioactive properties of Prunus avium L.: The widely studied fruits and the unexplored stems. Food chemistry, 173, 1045-1053.
  • Çelik, Y. and Sarıaltın, H. K., 2019. Türkiye’de kiraz üretiminin yapısal analizi. Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(4), 596-607.
  • FAO, 2017. Food and Agricultural Organization, Bitkisel Ürünler İstatistikleri, http://www.fao.org, (Erişim tarihi: 12.03.2020).
  • Kurokura, T., Mimida, N., Battey, N. H., Hytönen, T., 2013. The regulation of seasonal flowering in the Rosaceae. Journal of Experimental botany, 64(14), 4131-4141.
  • Fadón, E., Rodrigo, J., Herrero, M., 2018. Is there a specific stage to rest? Morphological changes in flower primordia in relation to endodormancy in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.). Trees, 32, 1583-1594. Osterman, J., Aizen, M. A., Biesmeijer, J. C., Bosch, J., Howlett, B. G., Inouye, D. W., Jung, C., Martins J.D., Medel, R., Pauw, A., Seymour, C.L., Paxton, R. J., 2021. Global trends in the number and diversity of managed pollinator species. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 322, 107653.
  • TÜİK 2021. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, TÜİK http://www.TÜİK.gov.tr, Erişim: 01.07.2021.
  • FAO, 2021. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAO http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data, Erişim: 01.07.2021
  • Wodehouse, R. P., 1935. Pollen grains. Their structure, identification and significance in science and medicine.
  • Hanif, R., Yaqoob, M., Ayoub, L., Salma, S., Irshad, M. S., Wani, F. F., Bhat, S., Farook, B.U., Sheikh, A.M., Rasool, J., Farook, U. B., 2022. Role of insect pollinators in pollination of cucumber. The Pharma Innovation Journal, 11(4), 1348-1354.
  • Spiesman, B. J. and Gratton, C., 2016. Flexible foraging shapes the topology of plant–pollinator interaction networks. Ecology, 97(6), 1431-1441.
  • Nakamura, S., Yamamoto, S., Sawamura, N., Nikkeshi, A., Kishi, S., Kamo, T., 2020. Pollination effectiveness of European honeybee, Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae), in an Oriental persimmon, Diospyros kaki (Ericales: Ebenaceae), orchard. Applied Entomology and Zoology, 55, 405-412.
  • Holzschuh, A., Dormann, C. F., Tscharntke, T., Steffan-Dewenter, I., 2011. Expansion of mass-flowering crops leads to transient pollinator dilution and reduced wild plant pollination. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 278(1723), 3444-3451.
  • Montero-Castaño, A., Ortiz-Sánchez, F. J., Vilà, M., 2016. Mass flowering crops in a patchy agricultural landscape can reduce bee abundance in adjacent shrublands. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 223, 22-30.
  • Eeraerts, M., Meeus, I., Van Den Berge, S., Smagghe, G., 2017. Landscapes with high intensive fruit cultivation reduce wild pollinator services to sweet cherry. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 239, 342-348.
  • Goulson, D., 2010. Bumblebees: behaviour, ecology, and conservation. Oxford University Press on Demand.
  • Güler, Y., Aytekin, A. M., Dikmen, F., 2011. Bombini and Halictidae (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) Fauna of Afyonkarahisar Province of Turkey. Journal of the Entomological Research Society, 13(1), 1-1.
  • Güler, Y., Dikmen, F., Özdem, A., 2015. Evaluation of bee diversity within different sweet cherry orchards in the Sultandaği reservoir (Turkey). Journal of Apicultural Science, 59(2), 13-25.
  • Güler, Y. and Dikmen, F., 2017. Potential bee pollinators of sweet cherry in inclement weather conditions. Journal of the Entomological Research Society, 19(1), 9-19.

Ticari Bombus terrestris Kolonilerinin Prunus avium bahçelerindeki Polen Toplama Davranışlarına Yönelik Gözlemler

Year 2023, , 837 - 842, 31.08.2023
https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.1269156

Abstract

Prunus avium çiçeklenme dönemi erken ilkbaharda başlar. Bu dönemdeki belirsiz iklim koşulları, tozlaşma sendromlarına neden olabilir. Bunun nedeni doğrudan donlu günler veya olası tozlayıcılar için uygun olmayan koşullar veya dolaylı olarak çevredeki yaşam alanlarının kalitesizliği ve tozlayıcı eksikliği olabilir. Bu sebeplerden biri nedeniyle yabani tozlayıcıların az olduğu durumlarda, yönlendirilebilen ticari tozlayıcıların getirilmesi tozlaşmayı sağlamak için bir çözüm olabilir. Bu kapsamda, ticari bombus kolonileri kirazların tozlaşması için değerlendirilmiştir. Sultandağı-Afyonkarahisar’da Prunus avium'un çiçeklenme döneminde iki yıl boyunca toplam 120 transekt gözlem ile günlük polen toplama faaliyetleri incelenmiştir. Arı yuvaları bahçeye yerleştirilmeden önce, kiraz ağaçları her 10 metrede bir farklı renkte olacak şekilde ipler ile işaretlenerek bombus arılarının bahçede ne kadar uzağa uçtuğunu ve polen topladığının tespit edebilmek mümkün hale getirilmiştir. Saaat 7:00, 9:00, 11:00, 14:00, 16:00, ve 18:00’de başlanan transekt gözlemler ile kiraz üzerinde polen toplayan arılar gözlemlenmiştir. Çiçekleri ziyaret eden bombus arılarının sayısı ortalama olarak hesaplanmıştır. Kiraz ile eş zamanlı çiçeklenen bitkiler örneklenmiştir. Bombus arılarının polen tercihleri korbikular polen yüklerinden alınan örneklerin değerlendirilmesi ile ortaya konmuştur. Arıların yoğunlukla bulundukları alan 10-40 metre aralığıdır, maksimum akitivite öğleden önce kaydedilmiştir. Dakikada ortalam çiçek ziyaret sayısı yaklaşık 8 çiçek olarak bulunmuştur. %90 oranında kiraz poleni yanında Taraxacum spp. ve Lamium spp. bitkilerinin polenlerinin de tercih edildiği tespit edilmiştir. Açık alanlarda ticari bombus arılarının kullanımı hala yaygın olmayan bir tarımsal uygulamadır, özellikle erken ilkbaharda çok erken çiçeklenme dönemlerine sahip bitkiler için, polen toplama kapasitelerine göre çok iyi yönetilebilir tozlayıcı ajanlar oldukları düşünülmektedir.

References

  • Dirlewanger, E., Cosson, P., Tavaud, M., Aranzana, M. J., Poizat, C., Zanetto, A., Arus, P., Laigret, F., 2002. Development of microsatellite markers in peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] and their use in genetic diversity analysis in peach and sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.). Theoretical & Applied Genetics, 105,1.
  • Mariette, S., Tavaud, M., Arunyawat, U., Capdeville, G., Millan, M., & Salin, F., 2010. Population structure and genetic bottleneck in sweet cherry estimated with SSRs and the gametophytic self-incompatibility locus. Bmc Genetics, 11, 1-13.
  • Basanta, M. F., de Escalada Plá, M. F., Raffo, M. D., Stortz, C. A., Rojas, A. M., 2014. Cherry fibers isolated from harvest residues as valuable dietary fiber and functional food ingredients. Journal of Food Engineering, 126, 149-155.
  • Bastos, C., Barros, L., Dueñas, M., Calhelha, R. C., Queiroz, M. J. R., Santos-Buelga, C., & Ferreira, I. C., 2015. Chemical characterisation and bioactive properties of Prunus avium L.: The widely studied fruits and the unexplored stems. Food chemistry, 173, 1045-1053.
  • Çelik, Y. and Sarıaltın, H. K., 2019. Türkiye’de kiraz üretiminin yapısal analizi. Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(4), 596-607.
  • FAO, 2017. Food and Agricultural Organization, Bitkisel Ürünler İstatistikleri, http://www.fao.org, (Erişim tarihi: 12.03.2020).
  • Kurokura, T., Mimida, N., Battey, N. H., Hytönen, T., 2013. The regulation of seasonal flowering in the Rosaceae. Journal of Experimental botany, 64(14), 4131-4141.
  • Fadón, E., Rodrigo, J., Herrero, M., 2018. Is there a specific stage to rest? Morphological changes in flower primordia in relation to endodormancy in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.). Trees, 32, 1583-1594. Osterman, J., Aizen, M. A., Biesmeijer, J. C., Bosch, J., Howlett, B. G., Inouye, D. W., Jung, C., Martins J.D., Medel, R., Pauw, A., Seymour, C.L., Paxton, R. J., 2021. Global trends in the number and diversity of managed pollinator species. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 322, 107653.
  • TÜİK 2021. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, TÜİK http://www.TÜİK.gov.tr, Erişim: 01.07.2021.
  • FAO, 2021. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAO http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data, Erişim: 01.07.2021
  • Wodehouse, R. P., 1935. Pollen grains. Their structure, identification and significance in science and medicine.
  • Hanif, R., Yaqoob, M., Ayoub, L., Salma, S., Irshad, M. S., Wani, F. F., Bhat, S., Farook, B.U., Sheikh, A.M., Rasool, J., Farook, U. B., 2022. Role of insect pollinators in pollination of cucumber. The Pharma Innovation Journal, 11(4), 1348-1354.
  • Spiesman, B. J. and Gratton, C., 2016. Flexible foraging shapes the topology of plant–pollinator interaction networks. Ecology, 97(6), 1431-1441.
  • Nakamura, S., Yamamoto, S., Sawamura, N., Nikkeshi, A., Kishi, S., Kamo, T., 2020. Pollination effectiveness of European honeybee, Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae), in an Oriental persimmon, Diospyros kaki (Ericales: Ebenaceae), orchard. Applied Entomology and Zoology, 55, 405-412.
  • Holzschuh, A., Dormann, C. F., Tscharntke, T., Steffan-Dewenter, I., 2011. Expansion of mass-flowering crops leads to transient pollinator dilution and reduced wild plant pollination. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 278(1723), 3444-3451.
  • Montero-Castaño, A., Ortiz-Sánchez, F. J., Vilà, M., 2016. Mass flowering crops in a patchy agricultural landscape can reduce bee abundance in adjacent shrublands. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 223, 22-30.
  • Eeraerts, M., Meeus, I., Van Den Berge, S., Smagghe, G., 2017. Landscapes with high intensive fruit cultivation reduce wild pollinator services to sweet cherry. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 239, 342-348.
  • Goulson, D., 2010. Bumblebees: behaviour, ecology, and conservation. Oxford University Press on Demand.
  • Güler, Y., Aytekin, A. M., Dikmen, F., 2011. Bombini and Halictidae (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) Fauna of Afyonkarahisar Province of Turkey. Journal of the Entomological Research Society, 13(1), 1-1.
  • Güler, Y., Dikmen, F., Özdem, A., 2015. Evaluation of bee diversity within different sweet cherry orchards in the Sultandaği reservoir (Turkey). Journal of Apicultural Science, 59(2), 13-25.
  • Güler, Y. and Dikmen, F., 2017. Potential bee pollinators of sweet cherry in inclement weather conditions. Journal of the Entomological Research Society, 19(1), 9-19.
There are 21 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Structural Biology, Entomology
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Çiğdem Özenirler 0000-0003-0390-2416

Early Pub Date August 29, 2023
Publication Date August 31, 2023
Submission Date March 22, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023

Cite

APA Özenirler, Ç. (2023). Observations on the Foraging Behaviors of Commercial Bumble Bee Colonies in Prunus avium Orchards. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 23(4), 837-842. https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.1269156
AMA Özenirler Ç. Observations on the Foraging Behaviors of Commercial Bumble Bee Colonies in Prunus avium Orchards. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. August 2023;23(4):837-842. doi:10.35414/akufemubid.1269156
Chicago Özenirler, Çiğdem. “Observations on the Foraging Behaviors of Commercial Bumble Bee Colonies in Prunus Avium Orchards”. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 23, no. 4 (August 2023): 837-42. https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.1269156.
EndNote Özenirler Ç (August 1, 2023) Observations on the Foraging Behaviors of Commercial Bumble Bee Colonies in Prunus avium Orchards. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 23 4 837–842.
IEEE Ç. Özenirler, “Observations on the Foraging Behaviors of Commercial Bumble Bee Colonies in Prunus avium Orchards”, Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 837–842, 2023, doi: 10.35414/akufemubid.1269156.
ISNAD Özenirler, Çiğdem. “Observations on the Foraging Behaviors of Commercial Bumble Bee Colonies in Prunus Avium Orchards”. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 23/4 (August 2023), 837-842. https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.1269156.
JAMA Özenirler Ç. Observations on the Foraging Behaviors of Commercial Bumble Bee Colonies in Prunus avium Orchards. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 2023;23:837–842.
MLA Özenirler, Çiğdem. “Observations on the Foraging Behaviors of Commercial Bumble Bee Colonies in Prunus Avium Orchards”. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 23, no. 4, 2023, pp. 837-42, doi:10.35414/akufemubid.1269156.
Vancouver Özenirler Ç. Observations on the Foraging Behaviors of Commercial Bumble Bee Colonies in Prunus avium Orchards. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 2023;23(4):837-42.


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