Evaluation of the Effects of Imazalil on Genotoxicity and Behavioral Toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster

Year 2024, , 476 - 484, 27.06.2024

Sezin Özdemir , Mehmet Furkan Çilek , Selcan Girgin , Özkan Şeşen , Dilek Akyıl , Arzu Özkara , İbrahim Hakkı Ciğerci

https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.1349951

Abstract

Imazalil (IMZ) is an imidazole and triazole derivative fungicide that is widely used to prevent many diseases in vegetable and fruit fields and to prevent post-harvest spoilage. In this study, the genotoxic potential of IMZ at different concentrations (0.25, 1, 4.5 mM) on Drosophila melanogaster was investigated using Somatic Mutation and Recombination (SMART) and Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis (Comet) Assays. The effect of the same IMZ concentrations on behavioral toxicity in D. melanogaster was investigated. Larval weight, crawling, and pupa formation success were performed to determine behavioral toxicity. As a result of the study, it was determined that IMZ generally caused a negative effect on D. melanogaster. In the SMART test, it was found that the differences between the wing preparations of the individuals obtained as a result of all IMZ concentration applications were not statistically significant compared to the negative control. The damage caused to DNA by IMZ was determined by the Comet test, and a statistically significant increase in DNA damage scores was observed at doses of 1 and 4.5 mM. In the crawling experiment of IMZ on D. melanogaster, a decrease in locomotion occurred due to the increase in dose compared to the control group, and these changes were found to be statistically significant at all application doses. Changes in larval weight were not found to be statistically significant. In the pupa formation success experiment, the decrease at 1 and 4.5 mM doses was found to be statistically significant.

Keywords

Behavioral cytotoxicity, COMET test, Drosophila melanogaster, Imazalil, SMART test

İmazalil'in Drosophila melanogaster’de Genotoksisite ve Davranışsal Toksisite Üzerine Etkilerinin Değerlendirilmesi i ve Davranışsal Toksisite Değerlendirmesi

Abstract

İmazalil (IMZ), sebze ve meyve tarlalarında birçok hastalığın önlenmesi ve hasat sonrası bozulmanın engellenmesi amacıyla yaygın olarak kullanılan bir imidazol ve triazol türevi fungisittir. Bu çalışmada, farklı konsantrasyonlardaki (0.25, 1, 4.5 mM) IMZ'nin Drosophila melanogaster üzerindeki genotoksik potansiyeli Somatik Mutasyon ve Rekombinasyon (SMART) ve Tek Hücreli Jel Elektroforez (Comet) Testleri kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Aynı IMZ konsantrasyonlarının D. melanogaster’de davranışsal toksisiteye etkisi de araştırılmıştır. Larva ağırlığı, sürünme ve pupa oluşum başarısı davranışsal toksisiteyi belirlemek için gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, IMZ'nin genel olarak D. melanogaster üzerinde olumsuz etkilere neden olduğu belirlenmiştir. SMART testinde, tüm IMZ konsantrasyonu uygulamalarının elde edilen bireylerin kanat preparasyonları arasındaki farkların negatif kontrolle istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olmadığı bulunmuştur. IMZ tarafından DNA'ya verilen hasar, Comet testi ile belirlenmiş, 1 ve 4.5 mM’lık dozlarda istatistiksel olarak DNA hasar skorlarında anlamlı bir artış gözlenmiştir. IMZ'nin D. melanogaster üzerinde yapılan sürünme deneyinde kontrol grubuna kıyasla doz artışına bağlı olarak hareket kabiliyetinde azalma meydana gelmiş ve bu değişiklikler tüm uygulama dozlarında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur. Larva ağırlığındaki değişiklikler ise istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmamıştır. Pupa oluşum başarısı deneyinde ise 1 ve 4.5 mM’lık dozlardaki azalış istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur.

Keywords

COMET testi, Davranışsal sitotoksisite, Drosophila melanogaster, İmazalil, SMART testi

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