Abstract
Four boron wastes (BW), named as Sieve (SBW), Dewatering (DBW), Thickener (TBW) and
Mixture (MBW) waste, from Kirka plant (Turkey) were investigated for the formation of Artificial
Lightweight Aggregates (LWA). The characterization involved chemical, mineralogical and thermal
analyses. The bloating behavior was examined by heating microscopy. SBW and DBW expanded in
two stages, at 300°C approximately and subsequently at 550°C with concurrent formation of liquid
phase. However, at 650-700°C there is excessive liquid phase formed resulting in large, non uniform
porosity of irregular shape. On the contrary, in the case of TBW and MBW no noticeable expansion or
glassy surface was formed. An optimization route, involved the formation of a mixture with 20wt%
clay, 40wt% SBW, 40wt% DBW and one with 20wt% clay, 35wt% SBW, 35wt% DBW, 10wt%
quartz sand. The raw aggregates were fired in a rotating crucible at 650°C, 700°C, 710°C and 760°C
for 2-5 min. It was observed that the clay addition leads to better plasticity and cohesion between the
particles whereas the quartz addition shifts the softening point 50°C higher. Water absorption was
56.8-60.5%, apparent specific gravity 2.3-2.4g/cm3
and bulk density 0.9-1.1g/cm3
. The analysis of
microstructure with electron microscopy revealed a glassy phase matrix and an extended formation of
both open and closed pores. The results indicate that SBW and DBW boron wastes can be utilized in
LWA production.
References
- E. G. Ehlers, The Mechanism of Lightweight Aggregate Formation, Ceramic Buletin, Vol. 37, No.2, 95-99,1958
- Su-Chen Huang et al, Production of lightweight aggregates from mining residues, heavy metal sludge, andincinerator fly ash, J. Hazard. Mater. 144, 52-58, 2007
- M. Aineto, A. Acosta, J. M. Rincon, M. Romero, Production of Lightweight Aggregates from Coal Gasification Fly Ash and Slag, Submitted for consideration in the 2005 World of Coal Ash 11-15, Lexington, Kentucky, USA, 2005
- I. Anagnostopoulos, V. Stivanakis, Utilization of lignite power residues for the production of lightweight aggregates, J. Hazard. Mater. (2008), doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.06.125
- H. R. Blank, Red Mud from Alumina Plants as a Possible Source of Synthetic Aggregate, Journal of Testing and Evaluation, JTEVA, Vol. 4, No. 5, 355-358, 1976
- V. Ducman, A. Mladenovič, J. S. Šuput, Lightweight aggregate based on waste glass and its alkali-silica reactivity, Cem. Conr. Res. 32, 223-226, 2002
- R. de Gennaro, P. Cappelletti, G. Cerri, M. de Gennaro, M. Dondi, A. Langella, Zeolitic tuffs as raw materials for lightweight aggregates, App. Clay Sci. 25, 71-81, 2004
- http://www.etimaden.gov.tr
- P. M. Mobbs, The Mineral Industry of Turkey, U.S. Geological Survey Minerals Yearbook-2004.
- European Commission, Reference Document on Best Available Techniques for Management of Tailings and Waste-Rock in Mining Activities, Chapter 3, July 2004.
- A. Ekmekyapar, A. Baysar, A. Künkül, Dehydration Kinetics of Tincal and Borax by Thermal Analysis, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 36, 3487-3490, 1997
- I. Waclawska, Thermal decomposition of borax, J. Therm. Anal., 43, 261-269, 1995
Abstract
Four boron wastes (BW), named as Sieve (SBW), Dewatering (DBW), Thickener (TBW) and
Mixture (MBW) waste, from Kirka plant (Turkey) were investigated for the formation of Artificial
Lightweight Aggregates (LWA). The characterization involved chemical, mineralogical and thermal
analyses. The bloating behavior was examined by heating microscopy. SBW and DBW expanded in
two stages, at 300°C approximately and subsequently at 550°C with concurrent formation of liquid
phase. However, at 650-700°C there is excessive liquid phase formed resulting in large, non uniform
porosity of irregular shape. On the contrary, in the case of TBW and MBW no noticeable expansion or
glassy surface was formed. An optimization route, involved the formation of a mixture with 20wt%
clay, 40wt% SBW, 40wt% DBW and one with 20wt% clay, 35wt% SBW, 35wt% DBW, 10wt%
quartz sand. The raw aggregates were fired in a rotating crucible at 650°C, 700°C, 710°C and 760°C
for 2-5 min. It was observed that the clay addition leads to better plasticity and cohesion between the
particles whereas the quartz addition shifts the softening point 50°C higher. Water absorption was
56.8-60.5%, apparent specific gravity 2.3-2.4g/cm3
and bulk density 0.9-1.1g/cm3
. The analysis of
microstructure with electron microscopy revealed a glassy phase matrix and an extended formation of
both open and closed pores. The results indicate that SBW and DBW boron wastes can be utilized in
LWA production.
Keywords
References
- E. G. Ehlers, The Mechanism of Lightweight Aggregate Formation, Ceramic Buletin, Vol. 37, No.2, 95-99,1958
- Su-Chen Huang et al, Production of lightweight aggregates from mining residues, heavy metal sludge, andincinerator fly ash, J. Hazard. Mater. 144, 52-58, 2007
- M. Aineto, A. Acosta, J. M. Rincon, M. Romero, Production of Lightweight Aggregates from Coal Gasification Fly Ash and Slag, Submitted for consideration in the 2005 World of Coal Ash 11-15, Lexington, Kentucky, USA, 2005
- I. Anagnostopoulos, V. Stivanakis, Utilization of lignite power residues for the production of lightweight aggregates, J. Hazard. Mater. (2008), doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.06.125
- H. R. Blank, Red Mud from Alumina Plants as a Possible Source of Synthetic Aggregate, Journal of Testing and Evaluation, JTEVA, Vol. 4, No. 5, 355-358, 1976
- V. Ducman, A. Mladenovič, J. S. Šuput, Lightweight aggregate based on waste glass and its alkali-silica reactivity, Cem. Conr. Res. 32, 223-226, 2002
- R. de Gennaro, P. Cappelletti, G. Cerri, M. de Gennaro, M. Dondi, A. Langella, Zeolitic tuffs as raw materials for lightweight aggregates, App. Clay Sci. 25, 71-81, 2004
- http://www.etimaden.gov.tr
- P. M. Mobbs, The Mineral Industry of Turkey, U.S. Geological Survey Minerals Yearbook-2004.
- European Commission, Reference Document on Best Available Techniques for Management of Tailings and Waste-Rock in Mining Activities, Chapter 3, July 2004.
- A. Ekmekyapar, A. Baysar, A. Künkül, Dehydration Kinetics of Tincal and Borax by Thermal Analysis, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 36, 3487-3490, 1997
- I. Waclawska, Thermal decomposition of borax, J. Therm. Anal., 43, 261-269, 1995
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Engineering |
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 1, 2009 |
| Submission Date | August 8, 2015 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2009 Volume: 9 Issue: 3 |