Investigation of Corrosion Behaviours Hydroxyapatite (HAP) coated Ti6Al4V Implants by Using Electrochemical Deposition Method

Year 2018, Volume: 18 Issue: 3, 807 - 819, 30.12.2018

Aysel Büyüksağiş , Yusuf Kayalı

Abstract

In this research, hydroxyapatite (HAP) has been coated on the Ti6A14V alloy surface by electrophoresis method. In this electrophoresis method, NH4H2PO4 is taken as P precursor and Ca (NO3)2.4H2O is taken as Ca precursor to obtain HAP coating. Additionally, 5 N NaOH pre-treatment surface operation (PTSO) has been applied to Ti6A14V. PTSO are effective on clinging of HAP coating to the surface. The corrosion behaviours of uncoated and HAP coated samples are examined in simulated body fluid (SBF) after for holded 7, 14, 21 and 35 days in SBF. HAP coatings have obtained by electrophoresis method was not showed inhibition for preventing corrosion. The surface images of the samples were described by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). From SEM images have been observed open pores and connections among pores in the coating, which increases osteointegration. It is noted in EDX analyses of the surfaces of the HAP coated samples that there is Ca, O and P on the surface. It is seen in XRD analysis of HAP coated samples that there are TiO2, HAP and calcium phosphate structures on the surfaces.

Keywords

Electrophoresis, Hydroxyapatite, Corrosion, Ti6Al4V.

References

• Abdeltawab, A.A., Shoeib, M.A., Mohamed, S.G., 2011. Electrophoretic deposition of hydroxyapatite coatings on titanium from dimethylformamide suspensions. Surface & Coatings Technology, 206, 43-50.
• Balamurugan, A., Balossier, G., Michel, J., Ferreira, J.M.F., 2009. Electrochemical and structural evaluation of functionally graded bioglass-apatite composites electrophoretically deposited onto Ti6Al4V alloy. Electrochimica Acta, 54, 1192-1198.
• Ban, S., and Hasegawa, J., 2002. Morphological regulation and crystal growth of hydrothermal electrochemically deposited apatite. Biomaterials, 23, 2965-2972.
• Benea, L., Mardare-Danaila, E., Mardare, M., Celis, J.P., 2014. Preparation of titanium oxide and hydroxyapatite on Ti-6Al-4V alloy surface and electrochemical behaviour in bio-simulated fluid solution. Corrosion Science, 80, 331–338.
• Benea, L., Danaila, E., Ponthiaux, P., 2015. Effect of Titania anodic formation and hydroxyapatite electrodeposition on electrochemical behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V alloy under fretting conditions for biomedical applications. Corrosion Science, 91, 262-271.
• Bir, F., Khireddinea, H., Touati, A., Sidane, D., Yala, S., Oudadesse, H., 2012. Electrochemical depositions of fluorohydroxyapatite doped by Cu2+, Zn2+, Ag+ on stainless steel substrates. Applied Surface Science, 258, 7021-7030.
• Blackwood, D.J. and Seah K.W.H., 2009. Electrochemical cathodic deposition of hydroxyapatite: Improvements in adhesion and crystallinity. Materials Science and Engineering C, 29, 1233-1238.
• Ding, S.J., Huang, T.H., Kao, C.T., 2003. Immersion behaviour of plasma-sprayed modified hydroxyapatite coatings after heat treatment. Surface and Coatings Technology, 165, 248-257.
• Djosic, M.S., Panic, M., Stojanovic, J., Mitric, M., Miskovic-Stankovic, M.V., 2012. The effect of applied current density on the surface morphology of deposited calcium phosphate coatings on titanium. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects, 400, 36-43.
• Drevet, R., Benhayoune, H., Wortham, L., Potiron, S., Douglade, J., Laurent-Maquin, D., 2010. Effects of pulsed current and H2O2 amount on the composition of electrodeposited calcium phosphate coatings. Materials Characterization, 61, 786-795.
• Du J., Liu X., He D., Liu P., Ma F., Li Q., Feng N., 2014. Influence of alkali treatment on Ti6Al4V alloy and the HA Coating deposited by hydrothermal-electrochemical methods. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 43(4), 0830-0835.
• Dumelie, N., Benhayoune, H., Rousse-Bertrand, C., Bouthors, S., Perchet, A., Wortham, L., Douglade, J., Laurent-Maquin, D., Balossier, G., 2005. Characterization of electrodeposited calcium phosphate coatings by complementary scanning electron microscopy and scanning-transmission electron microscopy associated to X-ray microanalysis. Thin Solid Films, 492, 131-139.
• Fan, X., Chen, J., Zou, J.P., Wan, Q., Zhou, Z.C., Ruan, J.M., 2009. Bone-like apatite formation on HA/316L stainless steel composite surface in simulated body fluid. The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 19, 347-352.
• Faure, J., Balamurugan, A., Benhayoune, H., Torres, P., Balossier, G., Ferreira, J.M.F., 2009. Morphological and chemical characterisation of biomimetic bone like apatite formation on alkali treated Ti6Al4V titanium alloy. Materials Science and Engineering C, 29, 1252-1257.
• Javidi, M., Javadpour, S., Bahrololoom, M.E., Ma, J., 2008. Electrophoretic deposition of natural hydroxyapatite on medical grade 316L stainless steel. Materials Science and Engineering C, 28, 1509-1515.
• Jiao, M.J. and Wang, X.X., 2009. Electrolytic deposition of magnesium-substituted hydroxyapatite crystals on titanium substrate. Materials Letters, 63, 2286-2289.
• Jonasova, L., Ullera, F.A.M., Helebrant, A., Strnad, J., Greil, P., 2004. Biomimetic apatite formation on chemically treated titanium. Biomaterials, 25, 1187-1194.
• Kannan, S., Balamurugan, A., Rajaeswari, S., 2005. Electrochemical characterization of hydroxyapatite coatings on HNO3 passivated 316L SS for implant application. Electrochimica Acta, 50, 2065-2072.
• Karanjai, M., Sundaresan, R., Raja, T., Mohan, R., Kashyap, B., 2008. Evaluation of growth of calcium phosphate ceramics on sintered Ti–Ca–P composites. Materials Science and Engineering C, 28, 1401-1407.
• Karthega, M., Raman, V., Rajendran, N., 2007. Influence of potential on the electrochemical behaviour of  titanium alloys in Hank’s solution. Acta Biomaterialia, 3, 1019-1023.
• Kim, C., Kendall, M.R., Miller, M.A., Long, C.L., Larson, P.R., Humphrey, M.B., Madden, A.S., Tas, A.C., 2013. Comparison of titanium soaked in 5 M NaOH or 5 M KOH solutions. Materials Science and Engineering C, 33, 327-339.
• Kumar, M., Dasarathy, H., Riley, C., 1999. Electrodeposition of brushite coatings and their transformation to hydroxyapatite in aqueous solutions. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 45(4), 302-310.
• Kwok, C.T., Wong, P.K., Cheng, F.T., Manc, H.C., 2009. Characterization and corrosion behavior of hydroxyapatite coatings on Ti6Al4V fabricated by electrophoretic deposition. Applied Surface Science, 255, 6736-6744.
• Nie, X., Leyland, A., Matthews, A., 2000. Deposition of layered bioceramic hydroxyapatite/TiO2 coatings on titanium alloys using a hybrid technique of micro-arc oxidation and electrophoresis. Surface and Coating Technology, 125, 407-414.
• Oh, S. and Jin, S., 2006. Titanium oxide nanotubes with controlled morphology for enhanced bone growth. Materials Science and Engineering C, 26, 1301-1306.
• Qiu, D., Wang, A., Yin, Y., 2010. Characterization and corrosion behavior of hydroxyapatite/zirconia composite coating on NiTi fabricated by electrochemical deposition. Applied Surface Science, 257, 1774-1778.
• Radice, S., Bradbury, C.R., Michler, J., Mischler, S., 2010. Critical particle concentration in electrophoretic deposition. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 30, 1079-1088.
• Rakngarm, A. and Mutoh, Y., 2009. Electrochemical depositions of calcium phosphate film on commercial pure titanium and Ti–6Al–4V in two types of electrolyte at room temperature. Materials Science and Engineering C, 29, 275-283.
• Rath, P.C., Besra, L., Singh, B.P, Bhattacharjee, S., 2012. Titania/hydroxyapatite bi-layer coating on Ti metal by electrophoretic deposition: Characterization and corrosion studies. Ceramics International, 38, 3209-3216.
• Rigo, E.C.S., Boschi, A.O., Yoshimoto, M., Allegrini Jr., S., Konig Jr., B., Carbonari, M.J., 2004. Evaluation in vitro and in vivo of biomimetic, hydroxyapatite coated on titanium dental implants. Materials Science and Engineering C, 24, 647-651.
• Schmidt, H., Stechemesser, G., Witte, J., Soltanifarshi, M., 1998. Depth distributions and anodic polarization behaviour of ion implanted Ti6Al4V. Corrosion Science, 40, 1533-1545.
• Shi J., Ding C., Wu Y., 2001. Biomimetic apatite layers on plasma-sprayed titanium coatings after surface modification. Surface and Coatings Technology, 137, 97.
• Song, Y.W., Shan, D.Y., Han, E.H., 2008. Electrodeposition of hydroxyapatite coating on AZ91D magnesium alloy for biomaterial application. Materials Letters, 62, 3276-3279.
• Stoch, A., Brożek, A., Kmita, G., Stoch, J., Rakowska, A., 2001. Electrophoretic coating of hydroxyapatite on titanium implants. Journal of Molecular Structure, 596, 1-3, 191-200.
• Taş, C., 2000. Combustion synthesis of calcium phosphate bioceramic powders. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 20, 2389-2394.
• Tian, A., Xue, X., Liu, C., He, J., Yang, Z., 2010. Electrodeposited hydroxyapatite coatings in static magnetic field. Materials Letters, 64, 1197-1199.
• Wang, J., Chao, Y., Wan, Q., Zhu, Z., Yu, H., 2009. Fluoridated hydroxyapatite coatings on titanium obtained by electrochemical deposition. Acta Biomaterialia, 5, 1798–1807.
• Wei, Y. and Wang, X.X., 2007. Ribbon-like and rod-like hydroxyapatite crystals deposited on titanium surface with electrochemical method. Materials Letters, 61, 4062-4065.
• Zhang, Q., Leng, Y., Xin, R., 2005. A comparative study of electrochemical deposition and biomimetic deposition of calcium phosphate on porous titanium. Biomaterials, 26, 2857-2865.