Voltammetric Determination of Vanillin in Commercial Food Products Using Electrochemically Fabricated Graphene Oxide Modified Electrode

Year 2021, Volume: 21 Issue: 1, 84 - 96, 24.02.2021

Ozge Gorduk

https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.819216

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Determination of vanillin, which is used increasingly common in the food, beverage, and drug industry, is important for human health. Therefore; it is essential to determine the amount of vanillin using a fast, simple and reliable method. In this study; an electrode modified with graphene oxide prepared in one-step, in a one-pot, with an environmentally friendly method, was prepared and used for the electrochemical determination of vanillin (VAN), as flavoring. The electrochemically fabricated graphene oxide electrode (EGO/GE) was prepared by electrochemically producing the graphene oxide structure on the graphite electrode surface. The characterization of the prepared EGO/GE was performed using techniques such as field emission scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy and it was concluded that the proposed EGO/GE material was successfully prepared. While the investigation of the electrochemical behavior of the VAN was performed by the cyclic voltammetry, the differential pulse voltammetry method was used for the voltammetric determination. It was determined that EGO/GE, is used in the electrochemical determination of VAN, exhibits high electrocatalytic performance, a wide linear range (0.1-1000 µM), and a low detection limit (0.05 µM) compared to unmodified GE. The selectivity of the prepared sensor was studied in the presence of ions and organic substances. The sensor (EGO/GE) was used for VAN detection in ice-cream, coffee, and cookie samples and high recovery values were obtained. As a result of the stability and reproducibility studies carried out for the sensor, it has been observed that it is quite stable and suitable for reproduction.

Keywords

Vanillin, Graphene Oxide, Voltammetry, Choronoamperometry, Flavoring

Supporting Institution

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Project Number

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Thanks

Ozge Gorduk especially thanks Prof. Dr. Yucel Sahin for his support in this study.

Elektrokimyasal Olarak Üretilmiş Grafen Oksit Modifiye Elektrot Kullanılarak Ticari Gıda Ürünlerinde Vanilinin Voltametrik Tayini

Abstract

Gıda, içecek ve ilaç sanayisinde kullanımı giderek yaygınlaşan vanilinin belirlenebilmesi insan sağlığı açısından önem arz etmektedir. Bu nedenle; hızlı, basit ve güvenilir bir yöntemle vanilin miktarının belirlenmesi esastır. Bu çalışmada; tek basamakta, tek kapta, çevre dostu bir yöntem ile hazırlanan grafen oksit ile modifiye edilmiş elektrot hazırlanmış ve bir aroma verici olan vanilinin (VAN) elektrokimyasal olarak tespiti için kullanılmıştır. Elektrokimyasal olarak üretilen grafen oksit elektrot (EGO/GE), grafen oksit yapısının grafit elektrot yüzeyinde elektrokimyasal olarak üretilmesi ile hazırlanmıştır. Hazırlanan EGO/GE'nun karakterizasyonu, alan emisyon taramalı elektron mikroskobisi ve atomik kuvvet mikroskobisi gibi teknikler kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiş ve önerilen EGO/GE materyalin başarılı bir şekilde hazırlandığı sonucuna varılmıştır. VAN'in elektrokimyasal davranışının incelenmesi dönüşümlü voltametri ile gerçekleştirilirken, voltametrik tayini için diferansiyel puls voltametri yöntemi kullanılmıştır. VAN’in elektrokimyasal belirlenmesinde kullanılan, EGO/GE'un, modifiye edilmemiş GE’a kıyasla yüksek elektrokatalitik performans, geniş doğrusal aralık (0,1-1000 µM) ve düşük algılama limiti (0,05 µM) sergilediği belirlenmiştir. Hazırlanan sensörün seçiciliği, iyonlar ve organik maddeler varlığında incelenmiştir. Sensör (EGO/GE), dondurma, kahve ve kurabiye örneklerinde VAN tespiti için kullanılmış ve yüksek geri kazanım değerleri elde edilmiştir. Sensör için gerçekleştirilen stabilite ve tekrar üretilebilirlik çalışmaları sonucunda, oldukça kararlı ve tekrar üretime uygun olduğu gözlemlenmiştir.

Keywords

Vanilin, Grafen Oksit, Voltametri, Kronoamperometri, Aroma Verici

Project Number

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