Potential Mutagenicity of Udimo 75 WG Herbicide in Salmonella typhimurium with Ames Test

Year 2021, Volume: 21 Issue: 5, 1016 - 1021, 31.10.2021

Dilek Akyıl

https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.891586

Abstract

In addition to the benefits of pesticides frequently used in the agricultural sector, there are also many negative effects on the environment and living organisms. We aimed this study was to investigate mutagenic activity of Udimo 75 WG herbicide that commonly used in the agricultural sector by Ames/Salmonella microsome short-time test system. Experiments were applied in the absence (-S9) and presence (+S9) of enzymes in the metabolic activation by using TA98 and TA100 strains of Salmonella typhimurium. At first, the cytotoxic doses of the test substances were detected and then, 5 non-cytotoxic dose for each test substances were selected. For the mutagenicity of Udimo 75 WG 500, 250, 125, 62.5 and 31.25 μg/plate doses were studied. The obtained data were statistically analysed by Dunnett's t-test and the results were evaluated by compare with spontaneous control plates. According to the results of this study, Udimo 75 WG herbicide showed mutagenic activity both in the absence and presence of S9 fraction at the dose of 500 μg/plate concentration in both strains. Therefore, this herbicide may be in the genotoxic risk group for humans and other living things.

Keywords

Ames test, Mutagenicity, Sulfonylurea herbicides, Udimo 75 WG.

Udimo 75 WG Herbisitinin Ames Testi ile Salmonella typhimurium'da Potansiyel Mutajenitesi

Abstract

Tarım sektöründe sıklıkla kullanılan pestisitlerin faydalarının yanı sıra çevreye ve yaşayan canlılara olumsuz birçok etkisi de vardır. Bu çalışmada, tarım sektöründe yaygın olarak kullanılan bir herbisit olan Udimo 75 WG’nin Ames/Salmonella mikrozom kısa süreli test sistemi ile mutajenik aktivitesinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Deneyler Salmonella typhimurium TA98 ve TA100 suşları kullanılarak metabolik aktivasyon yokluğunda (-S9) ve varlığında (+S9) gerçekleştirilmiştir. İlk olarak test maddelerinin sitotoksik dozları tespit edilmiş ve ardından her test maddesi için 5 sitotoksik olmayan doz seçilmiştir. Çalışmada Udimo 75 WG 500, 250, 125, 62.5 ve 31.25 μg/plak dozları çalışılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler, Dunnett t-testi ile istatistiksel olarak analiz edilmiş ve sonuçlar, spontan kontrol plakları ile karşılaştırılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre, Udimo 75 WG herbisiti, her iki suşta da 500 μg/plak konsantrasyonunda S9 fraksiyonunun hem yokluğunda hem de varlığında mutajenik aktivite göstermiştir. Dolayısıyla bu herbisit, insanlar için genotoksik bir risk oluşturabilir.

Keywords

Ames testi, Mutajenite, Sülfonilüre herbisitleri, Udimo 75 WG

References

• Akyıl, D. and Konuk, M., 2014. Detection of genotoxicity and mutagenicity of chlorthiophos using micronucleus, chromosome aberration, sister chromatid exchange, and Ames tests. Environmental Toxicology, 30(8), 937-45.
• Ames, B.N., Durston, W.E., Yamasaki, E. and Lee, F.D., 1973. Carcinogens are mutagens: a simple test system combining liver homogenates for activation and bacteria for detection. Proceeding of the National Academy Sciences, 70(8), 2281-2285.
• Blair, A.M. and Martin, T.D., 1988. A review of the activity and mode of action of sulfonylurea herbicides. Pesticide Science, 22, 195-219.
• Beyer, E.M., Duffy, M.J., Hay, J.V. and Schlueter, D.D., 1988. Sulfonylureas. In: Herbicides. Chemistry, Degradation and Mode of Action, 3, Kearney, P.C., Kaufman, D.D. Eds., Marcel Dekker, New York, 117-189.
• Boldt, T.S. and Jacobsen, C.S., 1998. Different toxic effects of the sulfonylurea herbicides metsulfuron methyl, chlorsulfuron and thifensulfuron methyl on fluorescent pseudomonads isolated from an agricultural soil. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 161, 29-35.
• Brown, H.M., 2010. Mode of action, crop selectivity, and soil relations of the sulfonylurea herbicides. Pest Management Science, 29, 263-281.
• Burnet, M. and Hodgson, B., 1991. Differential effects of the sulfonylurea herbicides chlorsulfuron and sulfomethuron on microorganisms. Archives of Microbiology, 155, 521-525.
• Celik, A., Mazmanci, B., Camlica, Y., Askin, A. and Çömelekoğlu, U., 2003. Cytogenetic effects of lambda-cyhalothrin on Wistar rat bone marrow. Mutation Research, 539, 91-97.
• Dean, B.J., Brooks, T.M., Hodson-Walker, G. and Hutson, D.H., 1985. Genetic toxicology testing of 41 industrial chemicals. Mutation Research, 153, 57-77.
• Délye, C., Duhoux, A., Gardin, J.A.C., Gouzy, J. and Carrère, S., 2018. High conservation of the transcriptional response to acetolactate-synthaseinhibiting herbicides across plant species. Weed Research, 58, 2-7.
• Di Sotto, A., Evandri, M.G. and Mazzanti, G., 2008. Antimutagenic and mutagenic activities of some terpenes in the bacterial reverse mutation assay. Mutation Research, 653,130-133.
• Ema, M., Imamura, T., Suzuki, H., Kobayashi, N., Naya, M. and Nakanishi, J., 2012. Evaluation of genotoxicity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in a battery of in vitro and in vivo assays. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 63,188-195.
• Flückiger-Isler, S., Baumeister, M., Braun, K., Gervais, V., Hasler-Nguyen, N., Reimann, R., Van Gompel, J., Wunderlich, H.G. and Engelhardt, G., 2004. Assessment of the performance of the Ames II assay: a collaborative study with 19 coded compounds. Mutation Research, 558, 181-197.
• Forlani, G., Mantelli, M., Branzoni, M., Nielsen, E. and Favilli, F., 1995. Differential sensitivity of plant-associated bacteria to sulfonylurea and imidazolinone herbicides. Plant and Soil, 176, 243-253.
• Gocke, E. and Albertini, S., 1996. Synergistic/comutagenic action in the Ames test as an indication of irrelevant positive findings. Mutation Research, 350, 51-57.
• Jin, J., Ma, H., Cao, X.F., Li, J.H., Zhang, Q.Y. and Chen, C.S., 2012. The discovery of the novel lead compound of N-nitroureas target on acetohydroxy acid synthase. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 104, 218–223.
• Kauffmann, K., Gremm, L., Brendt, J., Schiwy, A., Bluhm, K., Hollert, H., Büchs, J., 2020. Alternative type of Ames test allows for dynamic mutagenicity detection by online monitoring of respiration activity. Science of the Toral Environment, 726, 137862.
• Kaur, M., Arora, S., Nagpal, A. and Katnoria, J.K., 2014. Clastogenic effects of synthetic food dyes using Salmonella typhymurium and Allium cepa test systems. Indian Journal of Biotechnology, 13, 547-550.
• Kumar, A., Sharma, K., Tomar, M., Malik, V. and Kataria, S.K., 2013. Determination of mutagenic potential of imidacloprid in Salmonella typhimurium–TA 98 and TA 100 following bacterial reverse mutation assay. International Journal of Biotechnology and Bioengineering Research, 4(7), 2231-1238.
• Kutlu, M., Öztaş, E. and Aydoğan, G., 2011. An investigation of mutagenic activities of some 9-substitued phenan- threne derivatives with Ames/Salmonella/microsome test. Anadolu University Journal of Science and Technology, 1, 83-94.
• Malev, O., 2012. Toxic effects of selected neonicotinoids through different organisational levels: in vitro and in vivo studies. University of Nova Gorica Graduate School, Nova Gorica, 2012.
• Man-yi, W., Jun-jie, K., Guo-dong, J.U. and Bao-sen, Liu., Applied research of a new sulfonylurea herbicide monosulfuron. Nankai Univercity, National Pesticide Engineering Research Center, Tianjin 300071, China.
• Maron, D.M. and Ames, B.N., 1983. Revised methods for the Salmonella mutagenicity test. Mutation Research, 113, 173-215.
• Mora, D.A., Cheimona, N., Palma-Bautista, C., Rojano-Delgado, A.M., Osuna-Ruiz, M.D., Alcántara de la Cruz, R., De Prado, R., 2019. Physiological, biochemical and molecular bases of resistance to tribenuron-methyl and glyphosate in Conyza canadensis from olive groves in southern Spain. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 144, 14–21.
• Moulas, C., Petsoulas, C., Rousidou, K., Perruchon, C., Karas, P. and Dimitrios, G.K., 2013. Effects of systemic pesticides Imidacloprid and Metalaxyl on the phyllosphere of pepper plants. BioMed Research International, 8.
• Myhre, C.D., Loeppky, H.A., Stevenson, F.C., 2004. MON-37500 for weed control and alfalfa seed production. Weed Technology, 18, 810–815.
• Özkara, A., 2017. Evaluation of Siperkor pesticide mutagenicity with Ames test. Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Sciences and Engineering, 17(2), 393-398.
• Sasaki, Y.F., Sekihashi, K., Izumiyama, F., Nishidate, E., Saga, A., Ishida, K. and Tsuda S., 2000. The comet assay with multiple mouse organs: comparsion of comet assay results and carcinogenicity with 208 chemicals selected from IARC monographs and U.S. NTP Carcinogenicity Database. Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 30, 629-799.
• Siroki, O., Undeger, U., Institoris, L., Nehez, M., Basaran, N., Nagymajtényi, L. and Dési, I., 2001. A study on geno and immunotoxicological effects of subacute propoxur and pirimicarb exposure in rats. Ecotoxicol Environmental Safety, 50, 76-81.
• Stivaktakis, P., Vlastos, D., Giannakopoulos, E. and Demetrios, P.M., 2010. Differential micronuclei induction in human lymphocyte cultures by ımidacloprid in the presence of potassium nitrate. Research Article in the Science World Journal, 10, 80–89.
• Zhang, Y.Y., Gao, S., Hoang, M., Wang, Z., Ma, X., Zhai, Y., Li, N., Zhao, L., Fu, Y. And Ye, F., 2021. Protective efficacy of phenoxyacetyl oxazolidine derivatives as safeners against nicosulfuron toxicity in maize. Pest Management Science, 77, 177-183.