Türkiye Piyasasında Satılan Bazı Talk Pudralarının Mineralojik ve Yarı Nicel Kimyasal Bileşimi

Year 2022, Volume: 22 Issue: 5, 1168 - 1175, 27.10.2022

Muazzez Çelik Karakaya , Necati Karakaya

https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.1120354

Abstract

Türkiye'de satılan talk pudralarından 40 adeti, insan sağlığı için tehlikeli krizotil ve tremolit gibi mineralleri içerip içermediğini araştırmak amacıyla incelenmiştir. Pudralarının mineralojik ve yarı nicel kimyasal analizleri yapılmıştır. Pudralar talk yanında çoğunlukla kalsit, kaolinit, manyezit, simektit/klorit, dolomit, kuvars ve nadiren krizotil (?) ve tremolit belirlenmiştir. Kalsit içeriğinin bazı numunelerde talka yakın olduğu belirlenmiştir. Talk, tremolit ve krizotil kristalleri kısmen yassı kısmen de sivri, kıymık şeklindedir. Ayrıca iğnemsi, bükülmüş, ipliksi morfolojide kristaller de belirlenmiştir. Liflerde yığın görünümlü bazen çubuksu, borumsu, levhamsı şekillerde de gözlenmiştir. Çubuksu kristallerin boyu krizotil için literatürde verilenlerden büyüktür (≥5m). Yapılan yarı nicel kimyasal bileşim analizinde silikat minerallerinin yapısında bulunan özellikle Si ve Mg yanında birçok kristalde Fe, Ca ve Al içeriği de tespit edilmiştir. Çubuksu/ipliksi morfolojideki krizotilin yapısal formülündeki Mg:Si=3:2 oranıyla aynı oran belirlenmiştir. Genelde Si içeriği Mg'dan çok daha yüksek iken, birkaç analizde bu elementlerin içeriği eşite yakın bulunmuştur. Bazı kristallerde Fe veya Al içeriği de belirlenmiş olup Fe içeriği dikkate alınmalıdır. Zira Fe, asbest minerallerinde biyolojik sistemde dokularda kanser oluşturma riskine neden olabilir. Ayrıca mikron boyutlardaki kuvars silikozis oluşturma riski taşıyabilir.

Keywords

Talk pudrası, Krizotil, Tremolit, Kanser, Asbest

Supporting Institution

Selçuk Üniversitesi

Project Number

SÜ/BAP 17401135

Thanks

Bu çalışma, Selçuk Üniversitesi BAP 17401135 nolu araştırma projesi katkısıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir.

Mineralogical and Semi-Quantitative Chemical Composition of Some Talc Powders Sold on the Turkish Market

Abstract

40 of the talcum powders sold in Turkey were investigated to determine whether they contain dangerous minerals such as chrysotile and tremolite for human health. Mineralogical and semi-quantitative chemical analyzes of the powders were made. Besides talc, mostly calcite, kaolinite, magnesite, smectite/chlorite, dolomite, quartz and rarely chrysotile (?) and tremolite were determined in the powders. It was determined that the calcite content was close to talc in some samples. Talc, tremolite and chrysotile crystals are partly flat and partly pointed and splintered. In addition, acicular, twisted, filamentous morphology crystals were also determined. Stack appearance is also observed in the fibers, sometimes in rod, tubular, and plate-like shapes. The size of the rod-like crystals is larger than those given in the literature for chrysotile (≥5µm). In the semi-quantitative chemical composition analysis, in addition to Si and Mg in the structure of silicate minerals, Fe, Ca and Al contents in many crystals were also determined. The same ratio was determined as the Mg:Si=3:2 ratio in the structural formula of chrysotile in rod-like/filamentous morphology. In general, the Si content is much higher than that of Mg, while in a few analyzes the content of these elements has been found to be close to equal. Fe or Al content has also been determined in some crystals and the Fe content should be taken into account. Because Fe, asbestos minerals may cause the risk of cancer formation in the tissues in the biological system. In addition, micron-sized quartz may carry the risk of silicosis.

Keywords

Talcum Powder, Chrysotile, Tremolite, Cancer, Asbest

Project Number

SÜ/BAP 17401135

References

• Addison, J. and McConnell, E.E., 2008. A review of carcinogenicity studies of asbestos and non-asbestos tremolite and other amphiboles. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 52, 187-199.
• Aust, A.E., Cook, P.M. and Dodson, R.F. 2011. Morphological and Chemical Mechanisms of Elongated Mineral Particle Toxicities, Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 14, 1-4, 40-75.
• Bernstein, D.M., 2014, The health risk of chrysotile asbestos. Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine, 20, 366-370.
• Bernstein, D.M., Rogers, R.A., Sepulveda, R., Donaldson, K., Schuler, D., Gaering, S., Kunzendorf, P., Chevalier, J. and Holm, S.E., 2010. The pathological response and fate in the lung and pleura of chrysotile in combination with fine particles compared to amosite asbestos following short-term inhalation exposure: interim results. Inhalation Toxicology, 22(11), 937-962.
• Goodman, J.E., Kerper, ,LE., Prueitt, R.L. and Marsh, C.M., 2020. A critical review of talc and ovarian cancer. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health - Part B: Critical Reviews 23, 183- 213.
• Gualtieri, A. F., Andreozzi, G. B., Tomatis, M. and Turci, F. 2019. Iron from a geochemical viewpoint. Understanding toxicity/pathogenicity mechanisms in iron-bearing minerals with a special attention to mineral fibers. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 133, 21–37.
• International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) 1996. Mechanisms of fibre carcinogenesis. Lyon International Agency for Research on Cancer. Scientiic Publications No: 140.
• International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 1999. Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity: An Updating of IARC Monographs Volumes 1 to 42. No. 71987.
• JCPDS, 1994. Powder Diffraction File 1994: PDF-2 Database Sets 1-44, Pennsylvania, USA.
• Ikpambese, K., Gundu, D.T. and Tuleun, L.T., 2016. Evaluation of Palm Kernel Fibres (PKFs) for Production of Asbestos-Free Automotive Brake Pads. Journal of King Saud University-Engineering Sciences, 28, 110-118.
• Kakooei, H. and Marıoryad, H., 2010. Evaluation of Exposure to the Airborne Asbestos in an Automobile Brake and Clutch Manufacturing Industry in Iran. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 56, 143-147.
• Karakaya, M.Ç. 2006. Kil Minerallerinin Özellikleri ve Tanımlama Yöntemleri. Bizim Büro Yayınevi, Ankara 640.
• Karakaya, N. ve Karakaya M.Ç. 2020. Türkiye Piyasasında Satılan Talk-Pudralarının Asbest Mineralleri Bulundurma Riski Açısından Araştırılması. S.Ü. BAP, Araştırma Projesi No: 1741135, 57 (yayınlanmamış).
• Langer, A.M., Nolan, R.P. and Addison, J., 1991. Distinguishing between amphibole asbestos fibers and elongate cleavage fragments of their non-asbestos analogues. In: Brown RC, Hoskins JA, Johnson NF, (eds.) Mechanisms in fibre carcinogenisis. New York, Plenum Press, 253–267.
• Millette, J.R. 2006. Asbestos analysis methods. In Asbestos—Risk assessment, epidemiology, and health effects. Dodson R.F., Hammar, S.P. (eds) Boca Raton, FL, Taylor & Francis, 9-37.
• Moore, D.M. and Reynolds, R.C. 1997. X-ray Diffraction and the Identification and Analysis of Clay Minerals, 2nd edition. Oxford University Press, New York, 378.
• Muhle, M. and Pott, F. 2000. Asbestos as reference material for fibre-induced cancer. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 73, 53-59.
• Pacella A., Andreozzi, G.B. and Fournier J., 2010. Detailed crystal chemistry and iron topochemistry of asbestos occurring in its natural setting: a first step to understanding its chemical reactivity. Chemical Geology, 277, 197-206.
• Pacella, A., Fantauzzi, M., Turci, F., Cremisini, C., Montereali, M.R., Nardi, E., Atzei, D., Rossi, A. and Andreozzi, G.B. 2015. Surface alteration mechanism and topochemistry of iron in tremolite asbestos: a step toward understanding the potential hazard of amphibole asbestos, Chemical Geology, 405, 28–38.
• Penninkilampi, R. and Eslick, G.D. 2018. Perineal Talc Use and Ovarian Cancer A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Epidemiology, 29(1), 41-49.
• Slomovitz, B., de Haydu, C., Taub, M. Robert, L., Coleman, R.L. and Monk, B.J., 2021. Asbestos and ovarian cancer: examining the historical evidence. International Journal of Gynecological Cancer, 31, 122–128.
• Steffen, J. E. Tran, T., Yimam, M. Clancy, K., Bird, T.B., Rigler, M., Longo, W. and Egilman, D.S. 2020. Serous Ovarian Cancer Caused by Exposure to Asbestos and Fibrous Talc in Cosmetic Talc Powders—A Case Series. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 62(2), 65-77.
• Weinberg, E.D. 1989. Iron, asbestos, and carcınogenıcıty. The Lancet, 333, 8651, 1, 399-1400.
• Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W., 2010. Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185-187.
• Yawas, D.S., Aku, S.Y. and Amaren, S.G., 2016. Morphology and Properties of Periwinkle Shell Asbestos Free Brake Pad. Journal of King Saud University-Engineering Science, 28, 103-109.
• İnternet kaynakları 1- Cosmetics Fragrance and Toiletry Association. The Cosmetics, Fragrance and Toiletry Association (CTFA) Specifications - Talc & Cosmetic Talc. 1976. https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:841476/