Demir Esaslı Sert Dolgu Kaplamaların Karakterizasyonu ve Kırılma Tokluğunun İncelenmesi

Year 2023, Volume: 23 Issue: 3, 811 - 819, 28.06.2023

Melis Yurddaşkal

https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.1198499

Abstract

Metal bileşenler genellikle kırılmalarından değil, aşınmalarından, orijinal boyutlarını ve kullanışlılıklarını kaybetmelerinden dolayı amaçlandığı gibi çalışmazlar. Sert dolgu kaplamalar, endüstride kullanılan bileşenlerin/aletlerin ömrünü uygun maliyetle arttırmasından ötürü oldukça popüler olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, ferrokrom ve ferroboron tozu ilavesiyle masif tel ve krom karbür içerikli özlü tel kullanılarak S235JR çeliğinin yüzeyi metal ark kaynağı tekniği kullanılarak kaplanmıştır. Kaplamaların makro ve mikro sertlik testleri yapılmış, mikroyapı incelemeleri ve faz analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen sert kaplamalarda oluşan sert fazların kaplamanın kırılma tokluğu üzerindeki etkisini göstermek amacıyla indentasyon tekniği kullanılarak oluşan Palmqvist çatlakları ile kırılma toklukları hesaplanmıştır. Kaplamada oluşan sekonder sert faz morfolojisinin kırılma tokluğu üzerinde olumlu etkisi olduğu görülmüştür.

Keywords

sert dolgu kaplama, mikroyapı, makro indentasyon kırılma tokluğu, Palmqvist çatlağı

Characterization and Fracture Toughness Investigation of Iron Based Hardfacings

Abstract

Metal parts frequently fail to perform as intended not because they break but because they deteriorate over time and lose their original shape and functionality. Because they cost-effectively extend the life of components and tools, hardfacing coatings are very common in industry. In this study, the surface of S235JR steel was coated using metal arc welding technique, using massive and chrome carbide cored wires with the addition of ferrochrome and ferroboron powders. Macro and micro hardness tests, microstructure studies and phase analyzes of the coatings were carried out. The hard phases' effects on the coating's fracture toughness were demonstrated using the indentation technique, and the formation of Palmqvist cracks was used to calculate fracture toughness. It was observed that the morphology of secondary hard phases formed in the coating had a positive effect on the fracture toughness.

Keywords

hardfacing, microstructure, macro indentation fracture toughness, Palmqvist crack

References

• Ahn, Dong Gyu. 2013. “Hardfacing Technologies for Improvement of Wear Characteristics of Hot Working Tools: A Review.” International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing 2013 14:7 14 (7): 1271–83. https://doi.org/10.1007/S12541-013-0174-Z.
• Aoudia, K., D. Retraint, C. Verdy, C. Langlade, J. Creus, and F. Sanchette. 2020. “Enhancement of Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Resistance of HVOF-Sprayed NiCrBSi Coatings Through Mechanical Attrition Treatment (SMAT).” Journal of Thermal Spray Technology 29 (8): 2065–79. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11666-020-01092-9/FIGURES/11.
• Cardoso, Ana, Eurico Assunção, and Inês Pires. 2022. “Study of a Hardfacing Flux-Cored Wire for Arc Directed Energy Deposition Applications.” International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 118 (9–10): 3431–42. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00170-021-08144-6/FIGURES/14.
• Çelik, Osman Nuri. 2013. “Microstructure and Wear Properties of WC Particle Reinforced Composite Coating on Ti6Al4V Alloy Produced by the Plasma Transferred Arc Method.” Applied Surface Science 274 (June): 334–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.APSUSC.2013.03.057.
• Coronado, J. J. 2011. “Effect of (Fe,Cr)7C3 Carbide Orientation on Abrasion Wear Resistance and Fracture Toughness.” Wear 270 (3–4): 287–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.WEAR.2010.10.070.
• Coronado, John J., Holman F. Caicedo, and Adolfo L. Gómez. 2009. “The Effects of Welding Processes on Abrasive Wear Resistance for Hardfacing Deposits.” Tribology International 42 (5): 745–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TRIBOINT.2008.10.012.
• Correa, E. O., N. G. Alcântara, D. G. Tecco, and R. V. Kumar. 2007. “The Relationship between the Microstructure and Abrasive Resistance of a Hardfacing Alloy in the Fe-Cr-C-Nb-V System.” Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A: Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science 38 (8): 1671–80. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11661-007-9220-8/FIGURES/18.
• Doǧan, Ö N., and J. A. Hawk. 1995. “Effect of Carbide Orientation on Abrasion of High Cr White Cast Iron.” Wear 189 (1–2): 136–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1648(95)06682-9.
• Durmuş, Hülya, Nilay Çömez, Canser Gül, Melis Yurddaşkal, and Metin Yurddaşkal. 2018. “Wear Performance of Fe-Cr-C-B Hardfacing Coatings: Dry Sand/Rubber Wheel Test and Ball-on-Disc Test.” International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials 77 (December): 37–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJRMHM.2018.07.006.
• Dziedzic, Krzysztof, Jerzy Józwik, Marcin Barszcz, and Konrad Gauda. 2019. “Wear Characteristics of Hardfacing Coatings Obtained by Tungsten Inert Gas Method.” Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal Vol. 13 (no 4): 8–14. https://doi.org/10.12913/22998624/112405.
• Gramajo, J., A. Gualco, and H. Svoboda. 2020. “Study of the Welding Procedure in Nanostructured Super-Hard Fe- (Cr, Mo, W) - (C, B) Hardfacing.” International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials 88 (April): 105178. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJRMHM.2020.105178.
• Hou, Q. Y., Y. Z. He, Q. A. Zhang, and J. S. Gao. 2007. “Influence of Molybdenum on the Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Nickel-Based Alloy Coating Obtained by Plasma Transferred Arc Process.” Materials & Design 28 (6): 1982–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MATDES.2006.04.005.
• Kravchenko, I. N., S. V. Kartsev, and Yu A. Kuznetsov. 2021. “Method for Protecting Plasma-Jet Hard-Facing by Gas Powder Flow.” Refractories and Industrial Ceramics 61 (5): 518–27. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11148-021-00514-7/FIGURES/9.
• Lin, Chun Ming. 2015. “Functional Composite Metal for WC-Dispersed 304L Stainless Steel Matrix Composite with Alloying by Direct Laser: Microstructure, Hardness and Fracture Toughness.” Vacuum 121 (November): 96–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.VACUUM.2015.07.023.
• Majumdar, J. Dutta, B. Ramesh Chandra, A. K. Nath, and I. Manna. 2006. “In Situ Dispersion of Titanium Boride on Aluminium by Laser Composite Surfacing for Improved Wear Resistance.” Surface and Coatings Technology 201 (3–4): 1236–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SURFCOAT.2006.01.048.
• Mohammadreza Tavakoli Shoushtari. 2019. “Investigation on Composition and Microstructural Morphology of the Fe-B-C Hardfacing Layers.” Journal of Environmental Friendly Materials, 3(1). 2019. https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=tr&user=B6cpBaIAAAAJ&sortby=pubdate&citation_for_view=B6cpBaIAAAAJ:UeHWp8X0CEIC.
• Moradkhani, Alireza, Hamidreza Baharvandi, Mehdi Tajdari, Hamidreza Latifi, and Jukka Martikainen. 2013. “Determination of Fracture Toughness Using the Area of Micro-Crack Tracks Left in Brittle Materials by Vickers Indentation Test.” Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2013 2:1 2 (1): 87–102. https://doi.org/10.1007/S40145-013-0047-Z.
• Nikolić, Ružica R., Svetislav Marković, Dušan Arsić, Vukić Lazić, Branislav Hadzima, and Robert Ulewicz. 2021. “Influence of Different Hard-Facing Procedures on Quality of Surfaces of Regenerated Gears.” Production Engineering Archives 27 (4): 257–64. https://doi.org/10.30657/PEA.2021.27.34.
• Oh, Seong Tak, Kee do Woo, Jae Hwang Kim, and Seung Mi Kwak. 2017. “The Effect of Al and V on Microstructure and Transformation of β Phase during Solution Treatments of Cast Ti-6Al-4V Alloy.” Korean Journal of Metals and Materials 55 (3): 150–55. https://doi.org/10.3365/KJMM.2017.55.3.150.
• Patel, R.V, S.P. Wanare, and V.D. Kalyankar. 2021. Investigations on Wear Behaviour of AISI 4140 Hot Strip Mill Roller Hardfac...: EKUAL Keşif. July 1, 2021. Vol. 43 (5).
• Rokanopoulou, A., P. Skarvelis, and G. D. Papadimitriou. 2014. “Microstructure and Wear Properties of the Surface of 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel Reinforced with Al2O3 Particles by the Plasma Transferred Arc Technique.” Surface and Coatings Technology 254 (September): 376–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SURFCOAT.2014.06.047.
• Singh, Satwant, Raman Kumar, Panakj Goel, and Harmeet Singh. 2022. “Analysis of Wear and Hardness during Surface Hardfacing of Alloy Steel by Thermal Spraying, Electric Arc and TIG Welding.” Materials Today: Proceedings 50 (January): 1599–1605. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MATPR.2021.09.122.
• Srikarun, Buntoeng, and Prapas Muangjunburee. 2018. “The Effect of Iron-Based Hardfacing with Chromium Powder Addition onto Low Carbon Steel.” Materials Today: Proceedings 5 (3): 9272–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MATPR.2017.10.100.
• Srikarun, Buntoeng, Hein Zaw Oo, and Prapas Muangjunburee. 2021. “Influence of Different Welding Processes on Microstructure, Hardness, and Wear Behavior of Martensitic Hardfaced Cladding.” Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 30 (12): 8984–95. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11665-021-06109-0/FIGURES/15.
• Srikarun, Buntoeng, Hein Zaw Oo, Salita Petchsang, and Prapas Muangjunburee. 2019. “The Effects of Dilution and Choice of Added Powder on Hardfacing Deposited by Submerged Arc Welding.” Wear 424–425 (April): 246–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.WEAR.2019.02.027.
• Srimath, N., and P. Sathyabalan. 2020. “Characterization of Stainless Steel 410 L Weld Bead for Plasma Transferred Arc Hardfaced Valve Seat Rings.” IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 764 (1): 012056. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/764/1/012056.
• Wang, Dong, Jun Zhao, Yonghui Zhou, Xiaoxiao Chen, Anhai Li, and Zhaochao Gong. 2013. “Extended Finite Element Modeling of Crack Propagation in Ceramic Tool Materials by Considering the Microstructural Features.” Computational Materials Science 77 (September): 236–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.COMMATSCI.2013.04.045.
• Wang, Jibo, Xiaowen Qi, Xiaolei Xing, al -, A L Mohd Tobi, M Nagentrau, Z Kamdi, et al. 2021. “Overview on Hardfacing Processes, Materials and Applications.” IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1017 (1): 012033. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/1017/1/012033.
• YANG, J, Y YANG, Y ZHOU, X QI, Y GAO, X REN, and Q YANG. 2013. “Microstructure and Wear Properties of Fe-2 Wt-% Cr-X Wt-% W-0.67 Wt-% C Hardfacing Layer.” Welding Journal 92 (8): 225.s-230.s.