Immunotherapeutic and Cell-Protective Effects of Probiotic Kefir on Cyclophosphamide‐induced Nephrotoxicity and Urotoxicity in Rats

Year 2024, Volume: 24 Issue: 6, 1275 - 1284, 02.12.2024

Songül Çetik-yıldız , Cemil Demir , Mustafa Cengiz , Halit Irmak , Betül Peker Cengiz , Adnan Ayhancı

https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.1424423

Abstract

To evaluate kefir, a naturally occurring fermented dairy product, with pharmacological and therapeutic qualities including antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects against cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced hemorrhagic cystitis and nephrotoxicity in rats. For this purpose, experimental rats were divided into 6 groups; control (Group 1), 150 mg/kg CP (Group 2), 5 mg/kg kefir (Group 3), l0 mg/kg kefir (Group 4), 5 mg/kg kefir+150 CP (Group 5), l0 mg/kg kefir+150 CP (Group 6). Since there was no difference in kefirs fermented on different days, kefirs from the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd days were mixed and given to the rats for 12 days, while CP was given as an only dose and i.p. on the 12th day of the experiment. Histologic evaluations revealed that CP caused toxicity in kidney and bladder. On the other hand, biochemical evaluations showed a significant increase in serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cre) levels, which are tissue toxicity markers, and a significant decrease in catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels, which are intracellular antioxidant system markers, in the CP-treated experimental group. However, all values were reversed as a result of kefir (5 and 10 mg/kg) treatment. These results showed that kefir is an effective protective agent against CP-induced hemorrhagic cystitis and nephrotoxicity.

Keywords

Cyclophosphamide, Hemorrhagic cystitis, Immunotherapy, Kefir, Nephrotoxicity

Ethical Statement

This study was approved by Ethics Committee of Eskisehir Osmangazi University Animal Experiments Local Ethics Committee (784-145 / 2020).

Supporting Institution

This experimental research was financed by Mardin Artuklu University / Coordination Unit of Scientific Research Project (MAU.BAP.20. SHMYO.004).

Probiyotik Kefirin Sıçanlarda Siklofosfamid Kaynaklı Nefrotoksisite ve Ürotoksisite Üzerine İmmünoterapötik ve Hücre Koruyucu Etkileri

Abstract

Doğal olarak oluşan fermente bir süt ürünü olan kefirin, sıçanlarda siklofosfamid (CP) ile indüklenen hemorajik sistit ve nefrotoksisiteye karşı antioksidan, anti-apoptotik ve anti-inflamatuar etkileri gibi farmakolojik ve terapötik niteliklerini değerlendirmek. Bu amaçla, deneysel sıçanlar 6 gruba ayrılmıştır; control (Grup 1), 150 mg/kg CP (Grup 2), 5 mg/kg kefir (Grup 3), l0 mg/kg kefir (Grup 4), 5 mg/kg kefir+150 CP (Grup 5), l0 mg/kg kefir+150 CP (Grup 6). Farklı günlerde fermente edilen kefirlerde farklılık olmadığı için 1., 2. ve 3. gün kefirleri karıştırılarak sıçanlara 12 gün boyunca verilmiş, CP ise deneyin 12. gününde tek doz ve i.p. olarak verilmiştir. Daha sonra elde edilen parametreler değerlendirilmiştir. Histolojik değerledirmeler sonucunda CP'nin böbrek ve mesane de toksisiteye neden olduğu belirlenmiştir. Öte yandan biyokimyasal değerlendirme ile CP uygulanan deney grubunda, doku toksisite belirteçleri olan serum kan üre nitrojen (BUN) ve kreatinin (Cre) seviyelerindeki önemli artış görülğrken hücre içi antioksidan sistem belirteçlerinden olan katalaz (CAT), glutatyon (GSH), superoksit dismutaz (SOD) ve glutatyon peroksidaz (GPx) düzeylerinde ise önemli azalma olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte, kefir (5 ve 10 mg/kg) tedavisi neticesinde meydana gelen tüm değerler tersine dönmüştür. Bu sonuçlar kefirin CP kaynaklı hemorajik sistit ve nefrotoksisiteye karşı etkili bir koruyucu olduğunu göstermiştir.

Keywords

Siklofosfamid, Hemorajik sistit, İmmünoterapi, Kefir, Nefrotoksisite

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışma Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Hayvan Deneyleri Yerel Etik Kurulu tarafından onaylanmıştır (784-145/2020).

Supporting Institution

Bu deneysel araştırma Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi / Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi (MAU.BAP.20. SHMYO.004) tarafından finanse edilmiştir.

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