% 1 Oranında Altın Nanoparçacıklarının Altın Klorür/n-Si ve Altın Klorür/p-Si Fotodiyotlarının Elektriksel ve Ayırt Edici Parametreleri Üzerine Etkileri

Year 2025, Volume: 25 Issue: 1, 95 - 106

Hatice Kaçuş

Abstract

Spin kaplama tekniği kullanılarak hem n-Si hem de p-Si yüzeyleri Au nanoparçacık ile katkılanmış Altın (III) Klorür ince filmi ile kaplandı. Daha sonra, Au nanoparçacık katkılanmış Altın (III) Klorür filmi ile kaplı numunelerin sırasıyla ön ve arka yüzeyleri schottky (Co) ve ohmik (Al) metal kontakları buharlaştırılarak metal-yarı iletken aygıtlar elde edildi. Böylece, Co/ Altın (III) Klorür: Au NP/n-Si ve Co/ Altın (III) Klorür: Au NP/p-Si Schottky fotodiyotları elde edildi ve oda sıcaklığında karanlık ve çeşitli ışık şartları altında I-V ölçümleri yapıldı. Aygıtlar iyi doğrultma davranışları ve düşük bariyer yükseklikleri gösterdi. İdealite faktörü, bariyer yüksekliği, seri direnç değerleri gibi çeşitli aygıt parametreleri diyotların elektriksel özellikleri açısından oldukça önemlidir. Bu değerler hesaplandı ve birbirleriyle karşılaştırıldı. Au nanoparçacık ile katkılanmış aygıtlar, iyi fotovoltaik özellik gösterdi. Seçicilik parametreleri, üretilen aygıtların optoelektronik uygulamalar için geliştirilebileceğini gösterdi.

Keywords

Altın ((III) Kloride, ; Altın Nanoparçacık, Fotodiyot, Organik Boyalar, Duyarlılık, Ayırt Edicilik (Seçicilik)

Effect of 1wt% Gold Nanoparticles on the Electrical and Detection parameters of Gold Chloride/n-Si and Gold Chloride/p-Si Photodiodes

Abstract

We synthesized a thin film of Au nanoparticles-decorated Gold (III) Chloride dye on both n-Si and p-Si substrates by the spin coating technique. Then, the metal-semiconductor devices were fabricated by evaporation of Co metal and Al ohmic contacts on the front and back surfaces of the Gold (III) Chloride film-covered substrates, respectively. Thus, Co/ Gold (III) Chloride: Au NPs /n-Si and Co/ Gold (III) Chloride: Au NPs /p-Si Schottky photodiodes were fabricated and characterized by I–V measurements under dark and various light power illumination intensities at room temperature. The devices exhibited good rectifying behaviors and low barrier heights. Various diode parameters such as ideality factor, barrier height, and series resistance values were calculated and compared for the fabricated photodiodes. The Au nanoparticles-decorated devices exhibited good photodiode and photodetector properties. Various detection parameters revealed that the obtained devices can be improved for optoelectronic applications.

Keywords

Gold ((III) Chloride, Gold Nanoparticles, Photodiode, Organic Dyes, Responsivity, Detectivity

References

• Akkaya, A., B.B. Kantar, B.B., Ayyildiz , BE., Programs, T.,2019. Fabrication and characterization of Au / Carmine / N-GaAs schottky diode by spin coating technique 11 (3) (2019) 49–55, https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.942302
• Akkılıç, K., Aydın, M.E., Uzun, İ., Kılıçoğlu,T.,2006. The calculation of electronic parameters of an Ag/chitin/n-Si Schottky barrier diode. Synthetic-metals, 156 (14–15) 958-962 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2006.06.012.
• Ameline, D., Diring, S., Farre, Y., Pellegrin,Y., Naponiello,G., Blart, E., Charrier, B., Dini, D., Jacquemin, D., Odobel,F., 2015. Isoindigo derivatives for application in p-type dye sensitized solar cells. RSC Advances, 5 (2015) 85530–85539. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5RA11744E.
• Aslam Manthrammel , M., Yahia, I.S., Mohd Shkir, AlFaify, S., Zahran, H.Y., Ganesh, V.,Yakuphanoglu,F., 2019. Novel design and microelectronic analysis of highly stable Au/Indigo/n-Si photodiode for optoelectronic applications. Solid State Sciences, 93, 7-12, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2019.04.007
• Bilgili, A.K., Güzel, T., Özer,M., 2019. Current-voltage characteristics of Ag/TiO2/n-InP/ Au Schottky barrier diodes. Journal of Applied Physics, 125 (2019), 035704. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5064637
• Budak, H., Duman, S., Kaya, F.S., Ashkhasi, A., Gürbulak, B., 2020. Effect of Temperature and Illumination on the Current-Voltage Characteristics of a Al/p-GaSe/In Diode. Journal Electronic Materials, 49 (10) (2020) 5698–5704. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-020-08322-4.
• Büchel, K.H., Moretto, H.H., Werner,D.,2008. Industrial Inorganic Chemistry Book, John Wiley & Sons, 2008.
• Cavusoglu H, Akbar, H.A., Sakalak, H., Koçyiğit, A., Durmaz, F., Yıldırım, M., 2024. Investigation of the Influence of Au (Gold) Doping Concentration on the Structural, Morphological, Optical, and Electrical Parameters of an Al/Au:CuO/n-Si Heterojunction Device. Journal of Electronic Materials, 53, 5, 2382-2397. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-024-10973-6
• Cheung, S.K., Cheung, N.W.,1986. Extraction of Schottky diode parameters from forward current-voltage characteristics. Applied Physics Letters, 49 (1986) 85. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.97359
• Clark, E.S., Templeton, D.H., MacGillavry, C.H., 1958. The crystal structure of gold (III) chloride. Acta Crystallographica, 11 (4), 284-288, https://doi.org/10.1107/S0365110X58000694.
• Coetzee, D., Venkataraman, M., Militky, J., M. Petru, M., 2020. Influence of nanoparticleson thermal and electrical conductivity of composites. Polymers (Basel) , 12, 742. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12040742
• Ejderha, K., Yıldırım, N., Abay, B., Turut, A., 2009. Examination by interfacial layer and inhomogeneous barrier height of temperature-dependent I–V characteristics in Co/p-InP contacts. Journal of Alloys Compounds, 484 (2009) 870–876. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JALLCOM.2009.05.062
• El-Nahass, M.M., Zeyada,H.M., Abd-El-Rahman,K.F., Darwish,A.A.A.,2007. Fabrication and characterization of 4-tricyanovinyl-N, N-diethylaniline/p-silicon hybrid organic-inorganic solar cells. Solar Energy Materials Solar Cells, 91 (12) (2007) 1120–1126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2007.03.016
• Ganesh,V., Manthrammel, M.A., Shkir, M., Yahia, I.S., Zahran, H.Y., Yakuphanoglu, F., AlFaify, S., 2018. Organic semiconductor photodiode based on indigo carmine/n-Si for optoelectronic applications. Applied Physics Materials Science Processing, 124 (6) (2018) 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-018-1832-x.
• Gao, X.D., Fei, G.T., Xu, S.H., Zhong,B.N., Ouyang, H.M., Li, X.H., De Zhang,L., 2019. Porous Ag/TiO2-Schottky-diode based plasmonic hot-electron photodetector with high detectivity and fast response. Nanophotonics, 8 (2019) 1247–1254. https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2019-0094.
• Gayen, R.N., Bhattacharyya, S.R., Jana, P., 2014. Temperature dependent current transport of Pd/ZnO nanowire Schottky diodes. Semiconductor Science Technology, 29 (2014), 095022, https://doi.org/10.1088/02681242/29/9/095022
• Ikram, M., Imran, M., Nunzi,J.M., Bobbara, S.R., Ali, S.,Islah-u-din., 2015. Efficient and low cost inverted hybrid bulk heterojunction solar cells. The Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, 7 (4) (2015) 043148. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4929603.
• Jackle, S., Mattiza, M., Liebhaber, M., Bronstrup, G., Rommel, M., Lips, K., Christiansen, S., 2015. Junction formation and current transport mechanisms in hybrid n-Si/PEDOT:PSS solar cells. Scientific Reports, 5, 13008; https://doi.org/10.1038/srep13008
• Kacus, H and Aydogan, S., Optical Characteristics of Au Nanoparticles and Electrical Characteristics of Au Contacts on Si by Embedded Au Nanoparticles Schottky Devices at Low Temperatures and Under the Illumination. Available at SSRN: http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4265577.
• Kacus, H., Metin,O., Sevim,M., Biber,M., Baltakesmez,A., Aydogan,S., 2021. A comparative study on the effect of monodisperse Au and Ag nanoparticles on the performance of organic photovoltaic devices. Optical Materials, 116 (2021) 111082. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2021.111082.
• Kacus, H., Aydoğan, Ş., M. Biber, M., Metin, Ö., and Sevim, M., 2019. The power conversion efficiency optimization of the solar cells by doping of (Au:Ag) nanoparticles into P3HT:PCBM active layer prepared with chlorobenzene and chloroform solvents. Materials Research Express, 6 (2019) 095104, https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ab309a
• Kacus, H., Y. Sahin, Y., S. Aydogan,S., Incekara, U., Yilmaz, M., 2020. Co/aniline blue/silicon sandwich hybrid heterojunction for photodiode and low-temperature applications. Journal of Sandwich Structures and Materials, 23 (6) (2020) 109963622090994. https://doi.org/10.1177/1099636220909946
• Kacus, H., Yilmaz, M., Incekara,U., Kocyigit, A., Aydogan,S., 2021. The photosensitive activity of organic/inorganic hybrid devices based on Aniline Blue dye:Au nanoparticles (AB@Au NPs), Sensors and Actuators A, 330 (2021) 112856. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2021.112856
• Kacus, H., Yilmaz, M., Kocyigit,A., Incekara,U., S. Aydogan,S.,2020. Optoelectronic properties of Co/pentacene/Si MIS heterojunction photodiode. Physical B Condensed Matter, 597 412408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2020.412408.
• Kacus, H., Biber,M., Aydoğan,Ş., 2020. Role of the Au and Ag nanoparticles on organic solar cells based on P3HT: PCBM active layer. Applied Physics A, 126, 817. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-020-03992-7.
• Kaplan, N., Taşcı, E., Emrullahoğlu, M., Gökce, H., Tuğluoğlu, N., Eymur, S., 2021. Analysis of illumination dependent electrical characteristics of α-styryl substituted BODIPY dye-based hybrid heterojunction. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 32 (12), 16738–16747. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-021-06231-8.
• Kelly, K.L., Coronado, E., Zhao, L.L., Schatz,G.C.,2003. The optical properties of metal nanoparticles: the influence of size, shape, and dielectric environment. Journal Physical Chemistry B, 107, 668–677, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp026731y.
• Kocyigit, A., Yıldırım, M., Sarılmaz, A., Ozel,F., 2019. The Au/Cu2WSe4/p-Si photodiode: electrical and morphological characterization, Journal of Alloys Compounds, 780, 186–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JALLCOM.2018.11.372.
• Kocyigit, A., Yilmaz, M., Aydogan, S., Incekara,U., Kacus,H., 2021. Comparison of n and p type Si-based Schottky photodiode with interlayered Congo red dye. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 135, 106045. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2021.106045.
• Kottmann, J.P., Martin, O.J.F., Smith, D.R., Schultz, S.,2001. Optical Properties and Applications of Shape Controlled Metal Nanostructures. Chemistry Physical Letter, 341, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2614(01)00171-3.
• Luongo, G., Giubileo, F., Genovese, L., Iemmo, L., Martucciello, N., Di Bartolomeo, A., 2017. I-V and C-V characterization of a high-responsivity graphene/silicon photodiode with embedded MOS capacitor. Nanomaterials, 7, 158. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano7070158
• Mock, J.J., Barbic, M., Smith,D.R., Schultz, D.A., Schultz, S.,2002. Shape effects in plasmon resonance of individual colloidal silver nanoparticles. Journal Chemistry Physical, 116, 6755. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1462610.
• Norde,H., 1979. A modified forward I-V plot for Schottky diodes with high series resistance. Journal of Applied Physics, 50, 5052–5053. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.325607
• Orak, İ., Kocyiğit, A., Karataş,Ş., 2018. The analysis of the electrical and photovoltaic properties of Cr/p-Si structures using current-voltage measurements. Silicon, 10, 2109–2116. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-017-9731-x.
• Ozkartal, A., Ameen ,R.H., Temirci, C., Turut,A., 2019. Electrical properties of Sn/Methyl Violet/p-Si/Al Schottky diodes. Materials Today Processing, 18, 1811–1818. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.06.668.
• Reem, A.W., 2018. Photocurrent and photocapacitance properties of an Al/Coumarin/p- Si/Al photodiode. Silicon, 10(4), 1639–1643. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-017-9647-5.
• Santos, dos C., Brum, L.F.W., F´atima Vasconcelos R., Velho, S.K., dos Santos, J.H.Z., 2018. Color and fastness of natural dyes encapsulated by a sol-gel process for dyeing natural and synthetic fibers. Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, 86 (2), 351–364. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-018-4631-0.
• Seo, K.D., Song, H.M., Lee, M.J., Pastore, M., Anselmi,C., De Angelis, F., Nazeeruddin,M.K., Gräetzel , M., Kim,H.K.,2011. Coumarin dyes containing low-band-gap chromophores for dye-sensitised solar cells. Dyes Pigments, 90 (3), 304–310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2011.01.009.
• Shafique,S., Yang, S., Wang, Y., Woldu, Y.T., Cheng, B., Ji, P., 2019. High-performance photodetector using urchin-like hollow spheres of vanadium pentoxide network device. Sensors Actuators:A Physics, 296, 38–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2019.07.003.
• Spinelli, P., Polman, A., 2012. Prospects of near-field plasmonic absorption enhancement in semiconductor materials using embedded Ag nanoparticles. Optic Express, 20, 641–654. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.00A641.
• Taşçıoğlu, İ., Aydemir, U., Altındal,Ş., The explanation of barrier height inhomogeneities in Au/n-Si Schottky barrier diodes with organic thin interfacial layer. Journal of Applied Physics, 108, 064506. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3468376.
• Tatar, B., Bulgurcuoglu, A.E., Gokdemir, P., Aydogan, P., Yilmazer, D., Özdemir,O., Kutlu, K., 2009. Electrical and photovoltaic properties of Cr/Si Schottky diodes. Int. Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 34, 5208–5212,. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.10.040
• Tataroglu, A., Dayan,O., Ozdemir, N., Serbetci, Z.,Al-Ghamdi, A.A., Dere, A., El-Tantawy, F., Yakuphanoglu, F., 2016. Single crystal ruthenium(II) complex dye based photodiode. Dyes Pigments, 132, 64-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2016.04.044.
• Yildiz, D.E., Gullu, H.H., Sarilmaz, A., Ozel,F., Kocyigit, A., Yildirim,M., 2020. Dark and illuminated electrical characteristics of Si-based photodiode interlayered with CuCo5S8 nanocrystals. Journal Materials of Science: Materials in Electronics, 31, 935–948. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-019-02603-3.
• Yilmaz, M., Kocyigit, A., Cirak,B.B., Kacus, H., Incekara, U., Aydogan,S., 2020. The comparison of Co/hematoxylin/n-Si and Co/hematoxylin/p-Si devices as rectifier for a wide range temperature. Materials Science Semiconductor Processing, 113, 105039, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2020.105039
• Yüksel,O.F., Tuğluoğlu,N., Gülveren,B., Şafak,H., Kuş, M., 2013.Electrical properties of Au/perylene-monoimide/p-Si Schottky diode. Journal of Alloys Compounds, 577, 30–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.04.157.
• Zandonay, R., Delatorre,R.G., A.A. Pasa, A.A., 2008. Electrical characterization of electrodeposited Co/p-Si Schottky diodes. ECS Transactions, 14, 359–363. https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2956050.
• Zhang, J.Z., Noguez, C., 2008. Plasmonic optical properties and applications of metal nanostructures. Plasmonics, 3, 127–150. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-008-9066-y.