BIM'in Benimsenmesinin Önündeki Engelleri Aşmak için Stratejik Yol Haritası

Year 2025, Volume: 25 Issue: 4, 865 - 877, 04.08.2025

Merve Kılınç Yiğit , Merve Anaç

https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.1582823

Abstract

Yapı bilgi modelleme süreçlerini kapsayan BIM (Building Information Modelling) inşaat sektöründe birçok avantajı olduğu bilinmektedir. Ancak gelişmekte olan ülkelerin BIM (Yapı Bilgi Modellemesi) süreçlerine geçişinde çeşitli dirençlerle karşılaşılmaktadır. Gelişmiş ülkelerde BIM'in inşaat sektöründeki olumlu etkileri göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, Türkiye'de bu yöntemin benimsenmesine yönelik bir direnç algılanmakta ve bu direncin nedenleri araştırılmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Türkiye'de BIM'in yaygın olarak benimsenmesinin önündeki engelleri tespit etmeyi, tespit edilen engellerin önem düzeylerinin belirlenerek çözüm önerileri gelirştirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada sistematik literatür taraması ile 112 adet makale incelenmiş ve literatürde BIM'e geçiş sürecindeki engeller tespit edilmiştir. Daha sonra Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci (AHP) yöntemi ile bu faktörlerin öncelikli önem dereceleri tespit edilmiştir. Ardından önem dereceleri göz önüne alınarak yol haritası stratejisi geliştirilmiştir. Bu stratejiye bağlı kalınarak dirençlerin ortadan kaldırılmasına yönelik yol haritası geliştirilmiştir.

Keywords

BIM (Building Information Modelling), BIM dirençleri, AHP (Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci), Yol haritası.

Roadmap for the Solution of Obstacles in the Transition to BIM

Abstract

BIM (Building Information Modelling), which covers building information modelling processes, is known to have many advantages in the construction sector. However, various resistances are encountered in the transition of developing countries to BIM (Building Information Modelling) processes. Considering the positive effects of BIM in the construction sector in developed countries, a resistance to the adoption of this method in Turkey is perceived and the reasons for this resistance are investigated. This study aims to identify the barriers to the widespread adoption of BIM in Turkey, to determine the importance levels of the identified barriers and to propose solutions. In the study, 112 articles were analysed through a systematic literature review and the obstacles in the process of transition to BIM were identified in the literature. Then, the prioritized importance levels of these factors were determined by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Then, a road map strategy was developed by considering the importance levels. Based on this strategy, a road map was developed to eliminate the resistances.

Keywords

BIM (Building Information Modelling), BIM resistances, AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process), Road map.

References

• Akal, A. Y., Kineber, A. F., ve Mohandes, S. R., 2022. A Phase-Based Roadmap for Proliferating BIM within the Construction Sector Using DEMATEL Technique: Perspectives from Egyptian Practitioners. Buildings, 12(11), 1805. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12111805
• Aladag, H., Demirdögen, G., ve Isik, Z., 2016. Building Information Modeling (BIM) Use in Turkish Construction Industry. Procedia Engineering, 161, 174-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PROENG.2016.08.520
• Altan, E., ve Işık, Z., 2024. Digital twins in lean construction: a neutrosophic AHP–BOCR analysis approach. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 31(12), 5029-5056.
• Alwisy, A., Hamdan, S., Barkokebas, B., Bouferguene, A., ve Al-Hussein, M., 2019. A BIM-Based Automation of Design and Drafting for Manufacturing of Wood Panels for Modular Residential Buildings. International Journal of Construction Management, 19(3), 187-205. https://doi.org/10.1080/15623599.2017.1411458
• Anaç, M., Gumusburun Ayalp, G., ve Karabeyeser Bakan, M., 2024. A Roadmap for Reducing Construction Waste for Developing Countries. Sustainability, 16(12), 5057. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16125057
• Ansah, R. H., Sorooshian, S., ve Bin Mustafa, S., 2015. Analytic hierarchy process decision making algorithm. Global journal of pure and applied mathematics, 11(4), 2403-2410.
• Arayici, Y., Coates, P., Koskela, L., Kagioglou, M., Usher, C., ve O’Reilly, K., 2011. BIM Adoption and Implementation for Architectural Practices. Structural Survey, 29(1), 7-25. https://doi.org/10.1108/02630801111118377
• Ariono, B., Wasesa, M., ve Dhewanto, W., 2022. The Drivers, Barriers, and Enablers of Building Information Modeling (BIM) Innovation in Developing Countries: Insights from Systematic Literature Review and Comparative Analysis. Buildings, 12(11), 1912. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12111912
• Azhar, S., 2011. Building Information Modeling (BIM): Trends, Benefits, Risks, and Challenges. for the AEC Industry. Leadership and Management in Engineering, 11(3), 241-252. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000127
• Barqawi, M., Chong, H. Y., ve Lopez, R., 2023. Effects of Critical Success Factors, BIM Implementation Strategies, and Barriers on Employer-Initiated Delays. International Journal of Construction Management, 23(16), 2788-2803. https://doi.org/10.1080/15623599.2022.2097041
• Bosch-Sijtsema, P., Isaksson, A., Lennartsson, M., ve Linderoth, H. C. J., 2017. Barriers. and facilitators for BIM use among Swedish medium-sized contractors - “We wait until someone tells us to use it”. Visualization in Engineering, 5(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/S40327-017-0040-7
• Calitz, S., ve Wium, J. A., 2022. A Proposal to Facilitate BIM Implementation Across the South African Construction Industry. Journal of the South African Institution of Civil Engineering, 64(4), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.17159/2309-8775/2022/v64n4a3
• Charef, R., Emmitt, S., Alaka, H., ve Fouchal, F., 2019. Building Information Modelling Adoption in the European Union: An Overview. Journal of Building Engineering, 25. 100777. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JOBE.2019.100777
• Charlson, J., ve Dimka, N., 2021. Design, Manufacture and Construct Procurement Model for Volumetric Offsite Manufacturing in the UK Housing Sector. Construction Innovation, 21(4), 800-817. https://doi.org/10.1108/CI-10-2019-0108/FULL/XML
• Chen, Y., Cai, X., Li, J., Lin, P., Song, H., Liu, G., Cao, D., ve Ma, X., 2023. The Values and Barriers of BIM Implementation Combination Evaluation Based on, Stakeholder Theory: a Study in China. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 30(7), 2814-2836. https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-08-2020-0607
• Denizhan, B., ve Yalçıner, A. Y., 2017. Analitik Hiyerarşi Proses ve Bulanık Analitik Hiyerarşi Proses Yöntemleri Kullanılarak Yeşil Tedarikçi Seçimi Uygulaması. Nevşehir Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 6(1), 63-78. https://doi.org/10.17100/NEVBILTEK.288003
• Despodov, Z., Mitić, S., & Peltečki, D., 2011. Application of the AHP method for selection of a transportation system in mine planning. Podzemni radovi, 19, 93-99.
• Durdyev, S., Ashour, M., Connelly, S., ve Mahdiyar, A., 2022. Barriers to the implementation of Building Information Modelling (BIM) for facility management. Journal of Building Engineering, 46, 103736. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.103736
• Erdik, M., ve Gökuç, Y. T., 2020. Türk yapı sektöründe yapı bilgi modellemesinin adaptasyonu. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 22(1), 159-171.
• Gharaibeh, L., Matarneh, S. T., Eriksson, K., ve Lantz, B., 2022. An Empirical Analysis of Barriers to Building Information Modelling (BIM) Implementation in Wood Construction Projects: Evidence from the Swedish Context. Buildings, 12(8), 1067. https://doi.org/10.3390/BUILDINGS12081067
• Hussain, M., Memon, A. H., ve Bachayo, A., 2022. Building Information Modeling in Construction Industry of Pakistan: Merits, Demerits and Barriers. Journal of Applied Engineering Sciences, 12(1), 43-46. https://doi.org/10.2478/jaes-2022-0007
• Hyarat, E., Hyarat, T., ve Al Kuisi, M., 2022. Barriers to the Implementation of Building Information Modeling among Jordanian AEC Companies. Buildings, 12(2), 150-150. https://doi.org/10.3390/BUILDINGS12020150
• Jang, R., ve Collinge, W., 2020. Improving BIM Asset and Facilities Management Processes: A Mechanical and Electrical (M&E) Contractor Perspective. Journal of Building Engineering, 32, 101540.
• Khurshid, K., Danish, A., Salim, M. U., Bayram, M., Ozbakkaloglu, T., ve Mosaberpanah, M. A., 2023. An In-Depth Survey Demystifying the Internet of Things (IoT). in the Construction Industry: Unfolding New Dimensions. Sustainability, 15(2), 1275. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021275
• Kim, K. P., Freda, R., ve Nguyen, T. H. D., 2020. Building Information Modelling Feasibility Study for Building Surveying. Sustainability, 12(11), 4791. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12114791
• Kineber, A. F., Massoud, M. M., Hamed, M. M., Alhammadi, Y., ve Al-Mhdawi, M. K. S., 2023. Impact of Overcoming BIM Implementation Barriers on Sustainable Building Project Success: A PLS-SEM Approach. Buildings, 13(1), 178. https://doi.org/10.3390/BUILDINGS13010178
• Mahmoud, B. Ben, Lehoux, N., Blanchet, P., ve Cloutier, C., 2022. Barriers, Strategies, and Best Practices for BIM Adoption in Quebec Prefabrication Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs). Buildings, 12(4),390. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12040390
• Ma, X., Darko, A., Chan, A. P. C., Wang, R., ve Zhang, B., 2022. An Empirical Analysis of Barriers. to Building Information Modelling (BIM) Implementation in Construction Projects: Evidence from the Chinese context. International Journal of Construction Management, 22(16), 3119-3127. https://doi.org/10.1080/15623599.2020.1842961
• Munianday, P., A. Rahman, R., ve Esa, M., 2023. Case Study on Barriers to Building Information Modelling Implementation in Malaysia. Journal of Facilities Management, 21(4), 511-534. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFM-10-2021-0132
• Kisel, T., ve Mishlanova, M. 2022. Research of the Problems of BIM Technologies Implementation in the Investment-and-Construction Projects of the Russian Companies. In E3S Web of Conferences,Vol. 363, 02044, EDP Sciences.
• Namlı, E., Işıkdağ, Ü., ve Kocakaya, M. N., 2019. Building Information Management (BIM), A New Approach to Project Management. Journal of Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies, 4(1), 323-332. https://doi.org/10.29187/jscmt.2019.36
• Nasila, M., ve Cloete, C., 2018. Adoption of Building Information Modelling in the Construction Industry in Kenya. Acta Structilia, 25(2), 1-38. https://doi.org/10.18820/24150487/as25i2.1
• Nguyen, T.Q., ve Nguyen, D.P., 2021. Barriers in BIM Adoption and the Legal Considerations in Vietnam. International Journal of Sustainable Construction Engineering and Technology, 12(1), 283-295. https://doi.org/10.30880/ijscet.2021.12.01.027
• Olanrewaju, O. I., Chileshe, N., Babarinde, S. A., ve Sandanayake, M., 2020. Investigating. the Barriers to Building Information Modeling (BIM) Implementation within the Nigerian Construction Industry. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 27(10), 2931-2958. https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-01-2020-0042
• Piroozfar, P., Farr, E. R. P., Zadeh, A. H. M., Timoteo Inacio, S., Kilgallon, S., ve Jin, R., 2019. Facilitating Building Information Modelling (BIM) using Integrated Project Delivery (IPD): A UK perspective. Journal of Building Engineering, 26, 100907. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2019.100907
• Rokooei, S., 2015. Building Information Modeling in Project Management: Necessities, Challenges and Outcomes. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 210, 87-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.332
• Saaty, T. L., 1990. An Exposition of the AHP in Reply to the Paper “Remarks on the Analytic Hierarchy Process”. Management Science, 36(3), 259-268. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.36.3.259
• Saka, A. B., ve Chan, D. W. M., 2020. Profound Barriers to Building Information Modelling (BIM) Adoption in Construction Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs): An Interpretive Structural Modelling Approach. Construction Innovation, 20(2), 261-284. https://doi.org/10.1108/CI-09-2019-0087
• Sari, R. E., Meizar, A., Tanjung, D. H., ve Nugroho, A. Y., 2017. Decision making with AHP for selection of employee. In 2017 5th International Conference on Cyber and IT Service Management (CITSM) 1-5. IEEE. Stanley, R., ve Thurnell, D. P., 2014. The Benefits and Barriers to, Implementation of 5D BIM for Quantity Surveying in New Zealand. Construction Economics and Building, 14(1), 105-117. https://doi.org/10.5130/AJCEB.v14i1.3786
• Supçiller, A. A., ve Çapraz, O., 2011. AHP-TOPSIS Yöntemlerine Dayalı Tedarikçi Seçimi Uygulaması. İstanbul Üniversitesi İktisat Fakültesi Ekonometri ve İstatistik Dergisi, 13, 1-22.
• Tabatabaee, S., Mahdiyar, A., ve Ismail, S., 2021. Towards the success of Building Information Modelling implementation: A Fuzzy-Based MCDM Risk Assessment Tool. Journal of Building Engineering, 43, 103117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.103117
• Tan, S., ve Gumusburun Ayalp, G., 2022. Root Factors Limiting BIM Implementation in Developing Countries: Sampling the Turkish AEC Industry. Open House International, 47(4), 732-762. https://doi.org/10.1108/OHI-12-2021-0273
• Tan, T., Chen, K., Xue, F., ve Lu, W., 2019. Barriers to Building Information Modeling (BIM) Implementation in China’s Prefabricated Construction: An Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) Approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 219, 949-959. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.02.141
• Van Roy, A. F., ve Firdaus, A., 2020. Building Information Modelling in Indonesia: Knowledge, Implementation and Barriers. Journal of Construction in Developing Countries, 25 (2), 199-217.
• Vural, D., Köse, E., ve Bayam, B., 2020. AHP ve VIKOR yöntemleri ile personel seçimi. Yalova Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10(21), 70-89.
• Waqar, A., Qureshi, A. H., ve Alaloul, W. S., 2023. Barriers to Building Information Modeling (BIM) Deployment in Small Construction Projects: Malaysian Construction Industry. Sustainability, 15(3), 2477. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032477
• Wind Y. ve Satty T., 1980. Marketing Applications of the Analytic Hierarcy Process. Management Science, 26(1), 641-655.
• Wu, Z., Lu, Y., He, Q., Hong, Q., Chen, C., ve Antwi-Afari, M. F., 2022. Investigating the Key Hindering Factors and Mechanism of BIM Applications Based on Social Network Analysis. Buildings, 12(8), 1270. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12081270
• Xu, J., Hunter, G. W., Lekki, J. D., Gao, X., Wu, Y., ve Li, Y., 2019. Research on Information Integration of Construction Project Management Based on BIM. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 267(3), 032069. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/267/3/032069
• Xu, X., Liu, J., Xu, N., Wang, W., ve Yang, H., 2018. Quantitative Study on the Evolution Trend and Driving Factors of Typical Rural Spatial Morphology in Southern Jiangsu Province, China. Sustainability (Switzerland), 10(7), 2392. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10072392
• Yang, M., Ge, C., Zhao, X., ve Kou, H., 2023. FSPLO: A Fast Sensor Placement Location Optimization Method for Cloud-Aided Inspection of Smart Buildings. Journal of Cloud Computing, 12(1), 31. https://doi.org/10.1186/S13677-023-00410-0
• Zhou, Y., Yang, Y., ve Yang, J.B., 2019. Barriers to BIM Implementation Strategies in China. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 26(3), 554-574. https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-04-2018-0158