Determining Bus Stops to be Equipped with Charging Devices for Electric Buses Using the Binary Genetic Algorithm

Year 2025, Volume: 25 Issue: 6, 1427 - 1438

İlyas Cihan Aksoy , Mehmet Metin Mutlu , Yalçın Alver

Abstract

In recent years, the efficient use of public transport systems has emerged as an effective solution to the rapidly increasing transport-based problems. Despite being a relatively sustainable transportation mode compared to other modes, diesel-powered buses, which constitute the majority of public transport vehicles, are responsible for a significant proportion of transport-related emissions. As a result, electric buses are seen as a promising option for sustainable urban public transport systems. However, due to their limited driving range, electric buses may experience service disruptions throughout the day as their energy levels decrease. This study develops an optimization model that enables electric buses to meet their daily energy requirements by wirelessly charging at selected stops during passenger boarding and alighting times within the transit network. The stops to be equipped with charging devices are determined using a Binary Genetic Algorithm, under operational constraints that ensure uninterrupted service of electric buses throughout the day, with the objective of minimizing the total investment cost. An analysis of the results obtained from the developed optimization model reveals that the Binary Genetic Algorithm achieves the best solution in significantly shorter computation times and with high reliability, when compared to the exact solution obtained using the Branch and Bound method.

Keywords

Sustainable transportation , Electric bus , Electric transit network design , Optimal charging station location , Binary genetic algorithm

Elektrikli Otobüsler için Şarj İstasyonlu Durakların İkili Genetik Algoritma Kullanılarak Belirlenmesi

Abstract

Toplu taşıma sistemlerinin etkin kullanımı son yıllarda hızla artan ulaşım tabanlı problemlere karşı etkili bir çözüm yolu olarak görülmektedir. Toplu taşıma diğer ulaşım türlerine kıyasla sürdürülebilir bir ulaşım türü olsa da ulaşım kaynaklı emisyonun önemli bir oranına toplu taşıma taşıtlarının çoğunluğunu oluşturan dizel motora sahip otobüsler yol açmaktadır. Bu nedenle, kentsel ulaşımda sürdürülebilir bir toplu taşıma sistemi tesis etmek için elektrikli otobüsler tercih edilebilecek seçenekler arasında görülmektedir. Ancak, sınırlı menzile sahip elektrikli otobüsler, gün içinde enerji seviyelerinin düşmesi nedeniyle hizmet dışı kalabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, toplu taşıma ağlarında belirli duraklara kablosuz şarj cihazları yerleştirerek, elektrikli otobüslerin yolcu indirme/bindirme süreleri boyunca gün boyunca ihtiyaç duydukları enerjiyi temin etmelerini sağlayan bir optimizasyon modeli geliştirilmiştir. Şarj cihazı ile donatılacak duraklar, yatırım maliyetinin minimizasyonu amacıyla ve elektrikli otobüslerin hizmetlerine gün boyunca herhangi bir aksama yaşamadan devam edebilmesini sağlayan kısıtlar altında, İkili Genetik Algoritma kullanılarak belirlenmektedir. Geliştirilen optimizasyon modelinden elde edilen sonuçlar incelendiğinde İkili Genetik Algoritma’nın, Dal Sınır Yöntemi ile elde edilen kesin çözüm ile karşılaştırıldığında, çok daha kısa sürelerde ve yüksek güvenilirlikle en iyi çözüme ulaşabildiği görülmektedir.

Keywords

Sürdürülebilir ulaşım , Elektrikli otobüs , Elektrikli toplu taşıma ağ tasarımı , Şarj istasyonu konumlandırma , İkili genetik algoritma.

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışmanın hazırlanma sürecinde bilimsel ve etik ilkelere uyulduğu ve yararlanılan tüm çalışmaların kaynakçada belirtildiği beyan olunur. Bu çalışma Prof. Dr. Yalçın ALVER danışmanlığında İlyas Cihan AKSOY tarafından 01/12/2023 tarihinde tamamlanan “Elektrikli otobüsler için çok amaçlı toplu taşıma ağ tasarımı” başlıklı doktora (Tez no: 843747) tezinden türetilmiştir.

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