Hava kirliliği ve erken ölümler: Avrupa'da PM2.5 etkilerinin panel analizi

Year 2025, Volume: 27 Issue: 2, 228 - 237, 05.12.2025

Muhammed Tümay

Abstract

Bu araştırma, 2007'den 2019'a kadar Avrupa Birliği (AB)-27 ülkelerinde ince partikül maddenin (PM2.5) erken ölümler üzerindeki etkisine odaklanarak hava kirliliğinin sağlık ve ekonomik etkilerini araştırmaktadır. Verileri analiz etmek için sağlam sabit etkili (FE) panel regresyonu kullanmaktadır. Çalışma, GSYH'nin yüzdesi olarak sağlık harcamaları, gelir dağılımı, 65 yaşında sağlıklı yaşam beklentisi, doğurganlık oranları ve toplam ölümler dahil olmak üzere çeşitli ekonomik ve demografik faktörleri dikkate almaktadır. Analiz, PM2.5’teki %1’lik artışın erken ölümlerde %1,9 oranında önemli bir artışa neden olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bu bulgular, politika yapıcılarını hava kirliliğini ve bunun halk sağlığı üzerindeki yıkıcı etkisini sınırlandırmaya teşvik etmektedir. Sonuçlar, nüfusun refahını korumak ve iyileştirmek için çevre sağlığı müdahalelerini ekonomi politikalarına entegre etme ihtiyacını vurgulamaktadır. Ayrıca, çevresel bozulma ve bunun sağlık üzerindeki etkisine ilişkin mevcut ekonomik literatüre de katkıda bulunmaktadır.

Keywords

Hava Kirliliği , Erken Ölüm , Sabit Etkiler Modeli , Çevre Politikası

Air pollution and premature deaths: A panel analysis of PM2.5 effects in Europe

Abstract

This research investigates air pollution's health and economic implications, focusing on the effect of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on premature death in the European Union (EU)-27 countries from 2007 to 2019. It employs a robust fixed-effect (FE) panel regression to analyze the data. The study considers various economic and demographic factors, including healthcare expenditure as a percentage of GDP, income distribution, healthy life expectancy at age 65, fertility rates, and total deaths. The analysis reveals that a 1% increase in PM2.5 causes a significant 1.9% rise in premature deaths. These findings urge policymakers to limit air pollution and its destructive impact on public health. The results highlight the need to integrate environmental health interventions into economic policies to protect and improve population well-being. It also adds to the existing economic literature on environmental degradation and its impact on health.

Keywords

Air Pollution , Premature Mortality , Fixed Effects Model , Enviromental Policy

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