EN
TR
The Impact of Online Quizzes on Pre-Service Teachers’ Self-Directed Learning Skills and Spreadsheet Proficiency
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the impact of online quizzes, both in terms of their utilization and active engagement during the teaching of spreadsheets subject on pre-service teachers’ self-directed learning skills and spreadsheet proficiency in our study. The study included 96 participants in the experimental group and 77 in the control group. Throughout the course focusing on spreadsheets subject, participants in the experimental group were tasked with completing five online quizzes. Engagement levels were determined by the number of completed quizzes. Pre-test and post-test data on the self-directed learning scale and spreadsheet achievement test were collected from all participants. The data was analyzed using two-way repeated measures analysis of covariance mixed design. We found that the use of online quizzes and active engagement with online quizzes had no effect on participants’ self-directed learning skills. Results also revealed a statistically significant difference between the control and experimental groups’ pre-test and post-test scores on the spreadsheet achievement test, favoring the experimental group. Furthermore, participants with high engagement levels in online quizzes demonstrated significant improvements in spreadsheet achievement test scores.
Keywords
Supporting Institution
No funding have been received from any institution for this manuscript.
Ethical Statement
We applied to Balıkesir University for ethics committee approval and the ethics committee approved that there was no violation of research ethics with the ethics committee permission document dated 08.08.2025 and numbered E-19928322-108.01-552943. Participants were informed about the research aim, and informed consent was obtained from participants. Anonymity of the participants was provided in the reporting. In the study, no images were used by revealing the identity of the participants.
Thanks
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
References
- Alpar, R. (2016). Spor, sağlık ve eğitim bilimlerinden örneklerle uygulamalı istatistik ve geçerlik-güvenirlik [Applied statistics and validity-reliability with examples from sports, health and educational sciences] (4th ed.). Detay Yayıncılık.
- Annandale, M., & Reyneke, E. M. (2021). Assessment: The driving force behind self-directed learning in English teacher training. In E. Mentz, & A. Lubbe (Eds.), Learning through assessment: An approach towards self-directed learning (NWU self-directed learning series Volume 7) (pp. 165-185). AOSIS Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4102/aosis.2021.BK280.08
- Black, P., & Wiliam, D. (1998). Assessment and classroom learning. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 5(1), 7-74. https://doi.org/10.1080/0969595980050102
- Cleary, T. J., & Zimmerman, B. J. (2001). Self-regulation differences during athletic practice by experts, non-Experts, and novices. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 13(2), 185-206. https://doi.org/10.1080/104132001753149883
- Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-179060-8.50017-7
- Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage Publications.
- Çiğdem, H., & Öncü, S. (2023). Learner engagement in the Metaverse: A community of inquiry for self-regulated learners. In G. Durak & S. Cankaya (Eds.), Shaping the future of online learning: Education in the Metaverse (pp. 17-36). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-6513-4.ch002
- Demircioğlu, Z. I., Öge, B., Fuçular, E. E., Çevik, T., Nazligül, M. D., & Özçelik, E. (2018). Reliability, validity and Turkish adaptation of self-directed learning scale (SDLS). International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education, 5(2), 235-247. https://doi.org/10.21449/ijate.401069
Details
Primary Language
English
Subjects
Instructional Technologies, Educational Technology and Computing
Journal Section
Research Article
Publication Date
July 27, 2026
Submission Date
October 31, 2025
Acceptance Date
June 8, 2026
Published in Issue
Year 2026 Volume: 19 Number: 3
APA
Cigdem, H., & Öztürk, G. (2026). The Impact of Online Quizzes on Pre-Service Teachers’ Self-Directed Learning Skills and Spreadsheet Proficiency. Journal of Theoretical Educational Sciences, 19(3), 500-524. https://doi.org/10.30831/akukeg.1814155
AMA
1.Cigdem H, Öztürk G. The Impact of Online Quizzes on Pre-Service Teachers’ Self-Directed Learning Skills and Spreadsheet Proficiency. Journal of Theoretical Educational Sciences. 2026;19(3):500-524. doi:10.30831/akukeg.1814155
Chicago
Cigdem, Harun, and Gülcan Öztürk. 2026. “The Impact of Online Quizzes on Pre-Service Teachers’ Self-Directed Learning Skills and Spreadsheet Proficiency”. Journal of Theoretical Educational Sciences 19 (3): 500-524. https://doi.org/10.30831/akukeg.1814155.
EndNote
Cigdem H, Öztürk G (July 1, 2026) The Impact of Online Quizzes on Pre-Service Teachers’ Self-Directed Learning Skills and Spreadsheet Proficiency. Journal of Theoretical Educational Sciences 19 3 500–524.
IEEE
[1]H. Cigdem and G. Öztürk, “The Impact of Online Quizzes on Pre-Service Teachers’ Self-Directed Learning Skills and Spreadsheet Proficiency”, Journal of Theoretical Educational Sciences, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 500–524, July 2026, doi: 10.30831/akukeg.1814155.
ISNAD
Cigdem, Harun - Öztürk, Gülcan. “The Impact of Online Quizzes on Pre-Service Teachers’ Self-Directed Learning Skills and Spreadsheet Proficiency”. Journal of Theoretical Educational Sciences 19/3 (July 1, 2026): 500-524. https://doi.org/10.30831/akukeg.1814155.
JAMA
1.Cigdem H, Öztürk G. The Impact of Online Quizzes on Pre-Service Teachers’ Self-Directed Learning Skills and Spreadsheet Proficiency. Journal of Theoretical Educational Sciences. 2026;19:500–524.
MLA
Cigdem, Harun, and Gülcan Öztürk. “The Impact of Online Quizzes on Pre-Service Teachers’ Self-Directed Learning Skills and Spreadsheet Proficiency”. Journal of Theoretical Educational Sciences, vol. 19, no. 3, July 2026, pp. 500-24, doi:10.30831/akukeg.1814155.
Vancouver
1.Harun Cigdem, Gülcan Öztürk. The Impact of Online Quizzes on Pre-Service Teachers’ Self-Directed Learning Skills and Spreadsheet Proficiency. Journal of Theoretical Educational Sciences. 2026 Jul. 1;19(3):500-24. doi:10.30831/akukeg.1814155