Research Article

The Impact of Online Quizzes on Pre-Service Teachers’ Self-Directed Learning Skills and Spreadsheet Proficiency

Volume: 19 Number: 3 July 27, 2026
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The Impact of Online Quizzes on Pre-Service Teachers’ Self-Directed Learning Skills and Spreadsheet Proficiency

Abstract

We aimed to investigate the impact of online quizzes, both in terms of their utilization and active engagement during the teaching of spreadsheets subject on pre-service teachers’ self-directed learning skills and spreadsheet proficiency in our study. The study included 96 participants in the experimental group and 77 in the control group. Throughout the course focusing on spreadsheets subject, participants in the experimental group were tasked with completing five online quizzes. Engagement levels were determined by the number of completed quizzes. Pre-test and post-test data on the self-directed learning scale and spreadsheet achievement test were collected from all participants. The data was analyzed using two-way repeated measures analysis of covariance mixed design. We found that the use of online quizzes and active engagement with online quizzes had no effect on participants’ self-directed learning skills. Results also revealed a statistically significant difference between the control and experimental groups’ pre-test and post-test scores on the spreadsheet achievement test, favoring the experimental group. Furthermore, participants with high engagement levels in online quizzes demonstrated significant improvements in spreadsheet achievement test scores.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

No funding have been received from any institution for this manuscript.

Ethical Statement

We applied to Balıkesir University for ethics committee approval and the ethics committee approved that there was no violation of research ethics with the ethics committee permission document dated 08.08.2025 and numbered E-19928322-108.01-552943. Participants were informed about the research aim, and informed consent was obtained from participants. Anonymity of the participants was provided in the reporting. In the study, no images were used by revealing the identity of the participants.

Thanks

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Instructional Technologies, Educational Technology and Computing

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

July 27, 2026

Submission Date

October 31, 2025

Acceptance Date

June 8, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 19 Number: 3

APA
Cigdem, H., & Öztürk, G. (2026). The Impact of Online Quizzes on Pre-Service Teachers’ Self-Directed Learning Skills and Spreadsheet Proficiency. Journal of Theoretical Educational Sciences, 19(3), 500-524. https://doi.org/10.30831/akukeg.1814155
AMA
1.Cigdem H, Öztürk G. The Impact of Online Quizzes on Pre-Service Teachers’ Self-Directed Learning Skills and Spreadsheet Proficiency. Journal of Theoretical Educational Sciences. 2026;19(3):500-524. doi:10.30831/akukeg.1814155
Chicago
Cigdem, Harun, and Gülcan Öztürk. 2026. “The Impact of Online Quizzes on Pre-Service Teachers’ Self-Directed Learning Skills and Spreadsheet Proficiency”. Journal of Theoretical Educational Sciences 19 (3): 500-524. https://doi.org/10.30831/akukeg.1814155.
EndNote
Cigdem H, Öztürk G (July 1, 2026) The Impact of Online Quizzes on Pre-Service Teachers’ Self-Directed Learning Skills and Spreadsheet Proficiency. Journal of Theoretical Educational Sciences 19 3 500–524.
IEEE
[1]H. Cigdem and G. Öztürk, “The Impact of Online Quizzes on Pre-Service Teachers’ Self-Directed Learning Skills and Spreadsheet Proficiency”, Journal of Theoretical Educational Sciences, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 500–524, July 2026, doi: 10.30831/akukeg.1814155.
ISNAD
Cigdem, Harun - Öztürk, Gülcan. “The Impact of Online Quizzes on Pre-Service Teachers’ Self-Directed Learning Skills and Spreadsheet Proficiency”. Journal of Theoretical Educational Sciences 19/3 (July 1, 2026): 500-524. https://doi.org/10.30831/akukeg.1814155.
JAMA
1.Cigdem H, Öztürk G. The Impact of Online Quizzes on Pre-Service Teachers’ Self-Directed Learning Skills and Spreadsheet Proficiency. Journal of Theoretical Educational Sciences. 2026;19:500–524.
MLA
Cigdem, Harun, and Gülcan Öztürk. “The Impact of Online Quizzes on Pre-Service Teachers’ Self-Directed Learning Skills and Spreadsheet Proficiency”. Journal of Theoretical Educational Sciences, vol. 19, no. 3, July 2026, pp. 500-24, doi:10.30831/akukeg.1814155.
Vancouver
1.Harun Cigdem, Gülcan Öztürk. The Impact of Online Quizzes on Pre-Service Teachers’ Self-Directed Learning Skills and Spreadsheet Proficiency. Journal of Theoretical Educational Sciences. 2026 Jul. 1;19(3):500-24. doi:10.30831/akukeg.1814155